Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six separate investigators following the methodology stipulated in a common protocol provided a data base of 124 patients with Rhus dermatitis, other contact dermatitis, or atopic dermatitis. In this double-blind study, one or two 1 ml (4.0 mg/ml) intramuscular injections of the new sodium phosphate ester of betamethasone was compared with dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the treatment of the signs and symptoms common to these disorders. The comparably balanced groups responded dramatically to both drugs. Within 24 hours the mean scores of all symptoms and patients' overall condition were reduced appreciable. Pruritus, burning, inflammation and other typical symptoms and signs each responded well. The significant beneficial differences were observed most often in patients on betamethasone. There were no treatment failures and no side effects in this short-term trial.
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PMID:Parenteral short-term corticosteroid therapy in moderate to severe dermatoses. A comparative multiclinic study. 13 30

Intramuscularly administered methylprednisolone sodium phosphate (Medrol Stabisol) in single doses of 40, 80, or 160 mg (methylprednisolone equivalents) had a similar effect as the same doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) with regard to eosinophil suppression, elevation of glucose, white blood count differential shifts (lympholytic effect), urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and localized (pain) and systemic side effects. The average plasma methylprednisolone concentration was approximately 20% higher after the intramuscular administration of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate than after methylprednisolone sodium succinate. The differences in plasma methylprednisolone levels produced by the two esters suggest that either hydrolysis of the succinate ester occurs more slowly or the succinate ester distributes more extensively. This difference in plasma level, however, is not reflected in any other pharmacologic evaluation of the two esters, e.g., both eosinophil depression and hyperglycemic response were identical. No clinically significant changes in the vital signs, standard hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters evaluated were noted after 21 successive doses (q.i.d. for five days with one dose in the morning of day 6) of 80 mg methylprednisolone sodium phosphate. An increase was noted in the systolic blood pressure from a pretreatment mean of 113 mm Hg to a posttreatment mean of 123 mm Hg and an increase in the body weight from a pretreatment mean of 177 pounds to a posttreatment mean of 183 pounds. No signs of adrenal suppression were found as judged by plasma cortisol and ACTH levels. Six (6/12) subjects of the methylprednisolone sodium phosphate group, one (1/12) subject of the vehicle group, and one (1/12) subject of the placebo (sterile saline) group reported the following systemic side effects: gas in stomach, headaches, anorectal itching, and dryness of itching of the skin. No trend was observed for any side effect reported. In these double-blind, randomized studies, single (40, 80, and 160 mg) and multiple (80 mg) intramuscular doses of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate were tolerated in healthy volunteers as well as the same doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and similar volumes of vehicle or placebo.
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PMID:The clinical pharmacology of methylprednisolone sodium phosphate. I. Intramuscular route of administration. 32 97

Autonomous hyperparathyroidism occurred in 15% of 152 patients maintained by long-term home dialysis during the past nine years. Twenty-two patients with elevated serum parathormone levels and progressive bone disease in the presence of normal serum phosphate and calcium levels were treated by subtotal parathyroidectomy. All had parathyroid hyperplasia. Eighteen of the 22 patients are presently alive and undergo dialysis. Symptoms of bone pain, pruritus, and muscle cramps had improved in three fourths of the patients. The serum parathormone level decreased from a preoperative average of 576 muLEq/mL to an average of 188 muLEq/mL postoperatively. All 18 patients, observed for six to 77 months, showed improvement in x-ray films of their bone disease. The autonomous hyperparathyroidism of end-stage renal disease is corrected by subtotal parathyroidectomy, and the effect is sustained.
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PMID:Results of parathyroidectomy for autonomous hyperparathyroidism. 47 37

To assess whether phosphate depletion is an aetiological factor in osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy we undertook a prospective trial of phosphate-enriched dialysis fluid, in association with oral 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, for this condition. Thirty patients started the trial; of the 27 who completed more than 6 months' treatment, 14 had iliac crest bone biopsies at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Side effects included pruritus, stiffness, and increase in corneal and vascular calcification. Only one patient showed histological improvement of osteomalacia, and eight deteriorated; in seven the osteitis fibrosa worsened. Myopathy showed some improvement in four patients, but became worse in four. This treatment does not seem to have a place in the routine management of non-hypophosphataemic patients on dialysis.
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PMID:Osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy: a trial of phosphate-enriched dialysis fluid. 62 Jan 30

The authors experimented Aloglutamol (an organic salt of aluminium) in uremic patients on dialysis to detect its phosphate-binding properties and study its use in the treatment of uremic osteodystropy. They report good results: predialysis Ca increased; serum PO4 and alcaline phosphatase levels decreased; Ca X PO4 was normalized; itch, muscular weakness and constipation decreased; no side-effects appeared, and the drug has a good taste. Therefore it is considered to be most useful in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in uremia.
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PMID:[Use of Aloglutamol in uremic patients on dialysis (author's transl]. 70 77

Two groups of patients treated by short (Milan) and long (Newcastle) haemodialysis were compared for incidence of symptoms and biochemical control. Short dialysis corrected urea and creatinine as well but control of potassium and phosphate were similar. The only apparent penalties to be paid by short dialysis patients were a higher incidence of itching, tingling or numbness, impairment of vibratory sense and difficulty in controlling blood pressure. The short dialysis group had higher haemoglobin and less dyspnoea, muscle weakness and dizziness after dialysis.
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PMID:A comparison of short and long haemodialysis. 93 42

Osteodystrophy is almost universally present in chronic renal failure. Mild, but detectable, abnormalities--especially in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion--occur even when the glomerular filtration rate is greater than 30 cc/min. Osteomalacia is common in areas in which vitamin D intake and exposure to sunlight are minimal; when these factors are plentiful, osteitis fibrosa predominates. Osteoporosis is seen with increasing frequency in hemodialyzed patients. Nonosseous complications of secondary hyper-parathyroidism include hypercalcemia, metastatic calcification and pruritus. The most important factor in the medical therapy of osteodystrophy is control of serum phosphate levels. Next, a positive calcium balance must be provided either by giving vitamin D as dihyrdotachysterol, raising dialysate calcium or administering calcium orally. Parathyroidectomy is sometimes indicated, especially when the patients are transplant candidates and manifest hypercalcemia. Whether or not transplant is contemplated, patients with persistently high calcium-phosphate products, severe metastatic calcification or rapidly progressive osteodystrophy should be considered for parathyroidectomy. Newer, experimental vitamin D preparations, such as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, should improve the managemet of patients with renal osteodystrophy and decrease the need for parathyroidectomies.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism in renal failure. 109 Jan 50

A controlled, double-blind comparison of naphalzoline hydrochloride 0.05%, antazoline phosphate 0.5%, a combination of both components and a placebo was performed on 51 ragweed sensitive patients presenting allergic conjunctivitis. Evaluation of response at various times after instillation of medication for lacrimation, conjunctival inflammation, pruritus, photophobia and pain showed naphazoline hydrochloride, antazoline phosphate and the combination product superior to placebo. The combination product was statistically significantly superior for conjunctival inflammation and photophobia. The need for post-challenge treatment with epinephrine hydrochloride was significantly less in those eyes treated with the combination product. demonstrating prophylactic efficacy.
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PMID:Antazoline phosphate and naphazoline hydrochloride, singly and in combination for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis-a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 109 85

A double-blind study demonstrated that single intravenous doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinate and hydrocortisone sodium phosphate were similar in eosinophil suppression, elevation of glucose, white blood count differential shifts (polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes), and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium but not in incidence of side effects. More subjects receiving hydrocortisone sodium phosphate experienced systemic or localized adverse effects than those receiving hydrocortisone sodium succinate. The most common side effect was burning or itching in the anorectal area, which occurred in 16 of 18 subjects medicated with hydrocortisone sodium phosphate, in 1 subject of 6 treated with placebo (saline), and in none who received the sodium succinate. The effect is attributed to the phosphate steroid and appears to last as long as it takes to convert to cortisol.
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PMID:Anorectal pruritus after intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate and sodium phosphate. 127 18

Mast cells may be more abundant in the tissues of uremic patients and may contribute to itching via mediator release. Because mast cell (MC) granule release may be inhibited by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, we investigated skin MC in the superficial dermis by quantitative histomorphometry before and after whole body UVB for uremic itching. Toluidine blue-stained 3.5 mm punch biopsy specimens were examined with a micrometer grid after separate coding. Upon entry to the study, itching dialysis patients indicated their itching intensity on a visual analog scale (0 to 10). Concurrent study of living, related kidney donors (controls, n = 11) and their recipients (n = 11) showed no differences in MC number per unit area. Compared to controls, skin MC number was not greater in itching dialysis patients (n = 20). MC number decreased after 2 months of UVB from 1.6 +/- 0.6 (standard deviation) to 1.0 +/- 0.7 (n = 11, p = 0.025). Pre-UVB total plasma calcium correlated directly with itching intensity, but not with MC number. Plasma phosphate and intact parathyrin level were not statistically related to itching or MC number. Of the 14 subjects that completed UVB, 8 had objective benefit, and mean itching intensity declined from 7.1/10 to 5.2/10 in the 14 subjects. The conclusion is that although skin MC number may decline with chronic UVB, MC number is not related to uremic itching, and hypercalcemia, but not elevation of parathyrin or plasma phosphate, relates statistically to severe uremic itching.
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PMID:Mast cells and calcium in severe uremic itching. 160 64


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