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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pruritus is a frustrating and sometimes debilitating symptom that commonly accompanies primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The mechanism by which this symptom manifests remains elusive but extensive research has now shown that the itch is not just "weak pain" as had been the commonly held belief for decades. As this research now shines a light on the many diverse paths by which pruritus might be experienced, the necessity for a comprehensive approach to the symptom becomes clear. Understanding the interplay between the pathophysiology of PBC and delicately balanced neural circuitry is paramount to guiding the search for definitive treatment. Most relevant to providers today is the efficacy of currently available treatments and the side effects that may accompany them. Anion exchange resins, while remaining an important element in therapy, are no longer the only available medication to arrest pruritus. Rifampin, opioid antagonists, and other adjunctive therapies have quickly become a mainstay. Newer therapies such as the molecular adsorbent recycling system now also have a role in treatment. Increased recognition of these modalities may serve to alleviate the often debilitating pruritus experienced by patient suffering from PBC and might ultimately allow them to live more meaningful lives.
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PMID:Mechanisms and Treatments of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. 3084 83

Canine superficial pyoderma (CSP) is a bacterial infection secondary to several skin diseases of the dog. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is a commensal bacterium of the dog's skin, is the leading agent found in dogs affected by CSP, which can progress to deep pyoderma. It is also of clinical significance because S. pseudintermedius strains carry antimicrobial resistance genes, mainly the mecA gene. In this descriptive longitudinal study, molecular characterization of bacterial isolates from dogs affected by CSP was performed in addition to phenotyping, antimicrobial profiling, and assessment of resistance carriage status. Fifty dogs (24 females and 26 males) attending the CES University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were included in the study. CSP was confirmed according to clinical signs and cytological examination. Swabs were taken from active skin lesions for bacterial culture, and phenotyping and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed using API-Staph phenotyping and the Kirby-Bauer method, respectively. We also performed molecular detection and characterization of the mecA and nuc encoding gene of coagulase-positive Staphylococci. The mecA gene frequency was established by qPCR amplification of a 131bp gene fragment. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistics. Erythema, peeling, pruritus, and alopecia were the predominant symptoms (72, 56, and 46%, respectively). We isolated bacteria compatible with Staphylococcus species from all samples tested. API phenotyping showed 83.1 to 97.8% compatibility with S. pseudintermedius. PCR-genotyping resulted in 15, 3, and 1 isolates positive for S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus, and S. schleiferi, respectively. Isolated strains showed high susceptibility to Imipenem, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, and Rifampicin (100, 94, and 92%, respectively). The highest resistance was against Vancomycin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (98 and 74%, respectively). S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus, and S. schleiferi isolates were cloned and shared 96% sequence homology. Finally, we found 62% carriage status of the mecA gene in isolates of CSP patients, although only 36% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant. Identification of three Staphylococcus species causing CSP, high-level resistance against conventional antimicrobials, and carriage of the mecA gene highlight the importance of performing molecular characterization of bacteria causing dermatological conditions in dogs.
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PMID:Molecular Detection and Characterization of the mecA and nuc Genes From Staphylococcus Species (S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, and S. schleiferi) Isolated From Dogs Suffering Superficial Pyoderma and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles. 3279 41


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