Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various aluminum salts were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity and ability to bind with serum proteins (astrigency) with the object of finding a colorless substance to substitute for carbol-fuchsin solution (Castellani paint) in the treatment of symptomatic interdigital athlete's foot. Aluminum chlorohydrate was more powerful in killing bacteria and fungi than aluminum acetate and aluminum chloride. However, aluminum chloride showed pronounced astringency and was the only compound to bring about rapid resolution of the signs and symptoms of athlete's foot in open-ended clinical trials. This salt promptly controls odor, pruritus, and maceration. The beneficial effect depends largely on drying the surface, not killing organisms. A solution of 30% aluminum chloride was found to be equlvalent to carbol-fuchsin solution in effectively treating symptomatic athlete's foot.
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PMID:Aluminum chloride in the treatment of symptomatic athelete's foot. 82 82

Acetate dialysate is currently the most widely used in hemodialysis. The adverse effect of acetate during hemodialysis is well known upon the cardiovascular system. However, hypersensitivity reactions related to acetate during dialysis therapy are rare. We report a patient who developed hypersensitivity reactions such as generalized skin itching, flushing, hypotension and shortness of breath within a few minutes of beginning hemodialysis with acetate dialysate. Changing dialyzer membranes failed to alleviate these symptoms. Using the same dialyzer and tubing, these reactions disappeared immediately when bicarbonate dialysate was substituted for acetate dialysate. The patient's serum IgE and total eosinophile counts were normal. We conclude that acetate may initiate hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis. The exact mechanism is still unclear.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity to acetate dialysate: report of a case. 168 77

Retinoids have shown a tumor growth inhibition and a synergistic activity with hormonal manipulations in human breast cancer cell lines and rat mammary carcinoma. To investigate the potential usefulness of this synergistic activity in human breast cancer, 33 postmenopausal patients with advanced disease were treated with the combination of tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. three times a day) and retinyl acetate (300,000 IU p.o. daily). Out of 31 evaluable patients, 3 achieved complete response, 9 partial response (overall response rate: 38.5%, 95% confidence interval = 21%-56%) and 16 (52%) showed no change. The median duration of response was 11.5 months (range: 3-19+ months), while the 2-year overall survival rate for the entire group of patients was 63%. Toxicity was generally mild, hot flushes, nausea (and/or vomiting), headache and cutaneous itching being the most frequent side-effects. Only 1 patient discontinued treatment for severe toxicity. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate is a safe and effective regimen for breast cancer patients. However, the study design does not allow us to establish whether the very low rate of early disease progression we observed might be related to a possible synergistic effect between retinoids and antiestrogens or rather to the quite indolent disease of the patients who have been selected for entry into this trial.
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PMID:Phase II study of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate in patients with advanced breast cancer. 222 42

Patients with a history of recurrent candidiasis and who were using Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate, DMPA) for contraception were reviewed in order to determine the time relationship between episodes of proven candidiasis, episodes of pruritus vulvae suggestive of this infection (but unproven), and injection of DMPA. Recently, patients were included in the study who had been given DMPA specifically to prevent recurrences of candidiasis even when the drug's contraceptive action was unnecessary, such as after sterilization. In all cases, the infection was initially treated with a vaginal candidacide, most commonly 1 week of an imidazole. The patients ranged in age from 19-37 years at the time of the 1st injection. Diabetes had been eliminated in all the cases. DMPA was given intramuscularly at a dose of 150 mg every 12 weeks. Prior to 1983, an estrogen supplement was prescribed in most cases in an effort to produce monthly menstrual periods. Estrogen supplementation is no longer used routinely, with amenorrhea the aim, although it is occasionally given to women who experience breakthrough bleeding. Candidal infection was considered proven when the branching filaments of the species were seen on a stained vaginal smear or when the species were cultured in a laboratory from a vaginal swab taken a symptomatic patient. With the exception of 2 patients, clinical candidiasis did not occur within the time in which 150 mg of intramuscular DMPA is known to suppress ovulation in all women, i.e., 12 weeks -- except in the presence of exogenous estrogen (cases 1, 2, and 14) and in one case (15) in which the patient had an unplanned conception prior to the injection. Both patients who experienced clinical despite the use of DMPA alone (cases 8 and 13) asked remain on the drug because believe it was responsible for their longest remissions in the past few years. The study seemed to provide evidence that DMPA will prevent a recurrence of clinical candidiasis in many women who are prone to this condition. The study further indicated that estrogens may predispose women to this infection.
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PMID:Depo-Provera in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. 294 26

Thirty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis entered a double blind study comparing budesonide (nasal spray, 400 micrograms/d) and i.m. injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone acetate. Symptoms were assessed over a "run in" period of 3-7 days followed by a treatment period of 3 weeks. Pollen counts were evaluated daily. Both the systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment resulted in a significant improvement of nasal and ocular symptoms and were accompanied by reduced antihistamine intake. A comparison of the two treatments in relation to the pollen count yielded statistically significantly fewer nasal symptoms, such as itching, secretion, and sneezing in the budesonide-treated group. Nasal blockage and ocular symptoms remained unchanged, but the use of eyedrops was significantly reduced in the methylprednisolone-treated group. Side effects of both treatments were mild and the incidence negligible. Methylprednisolone-treated patients had a significantly lower cortisol value after 7 days but still had a normal response to ACTH-stimulation. We conclude that the acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis are at least as well ameliorated by regular topical application of budesonide as by a single injection of methylprednisolone acetate. The accompanying allergic conjunctivitis may require additional treatment.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of systemic methylprednisolone acetate versus topical budesonide in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 336 27

Ten women with essential hirsutism were treated for one year with cyclic administration of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Biochemical and clinical control took place after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. In 4 patients great improvement of hirsutism was noted, but only after 6 months of therapy. In 4 patients there was some improvement, while 2 were resistant. Side effects included reduced libido in 4 cases, mental depression in 3, dry skin and itching in 4 and transient nausea in one, but never necessitated cessation or interruption of treatment. Several changes in endocrine function took place during treatment: testosterone secretion rate diminished together with the urinary excretion of 17-KS and 17-KGS, while the serum concentration of testosterone binding globulin increased. There was a reduction in the serum concentration of total endogenous estrogens and progesterone as well as LH. No changes in hepatic, renal or hematologic parameters were found except for a slight increase in plasma prothrombin time. Clinical outcome of therapy could not be correlated with a pretreatment endocrine "profile", nor with the changes that this therapy induced in endocrine function. It is concluded that the anti-androgenic effect is probably the most important in this drug regimen, but that reversibility of hirsutism may depend upon factors not directly related to androgen influence.
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PMID:The treatment of essential hirsutism in women with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Clinical and endocrine effects in 10 cases. 645 99

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection correlated to reason for attending an STD clinic, presence of clinical signs of HPV infection, concomitant infection and abnormal cytology. Samples from the cervical canals of 588 consecutive women attending the STD clinic, Department of Dermato-Venereology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, were taken with a Cytobrush for detection of HPV DNA with the dot blot/Southern-blot technique. Visible condylomata, i.e. filiform or papular condylomata, were registered. Acetic acid test and colposcopy were not routinely performed. Cytological examination was performed as well as isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis on Mc Coy's cells and culture on Sabouraud agar for Candida albicans. The prevalence of HPV DNA was 8% (48/588). In the group of 233 women attending because of concern about HPV infection, 94 (40%) had visible signs of HPV infection and 30 (13%) were positive for HPV DNA in the cervix. In 355 women attending for other reasons, such as discharge, pruritus or STD check-up, 4 (1%) had visible signs of HPV infection and 18 (5%) were HPV DNA positive. Of 98 women with visible signs of vulvar/vaginal HPV infection, 33 (34%) were HPV-positive in the cervix with a commercial Southern-blot test. Of 490 patients without visible signs of HPV infection, 15 (3%) were HPV-positive in the cervix. In the group of HPV-positive women a positive culture for Candida was demonstrated in 26% (11/43), Compared to 16% (79/504) of the HPV-negative women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human papilloma virus infection among women attending an STD clinic correlated to reason for attending, presence of clinical signs, concomitant infections and abnormal cytology. 774 43

A resident at the Family Practice Clinic of the University of California, Davis, inserted a levonorgestrel implant (Norplant system) into a 25-year-old African-American women as she requested. The resident used the 7-step method recommended by the manufacturer to insert the implant. The woman went to the emergency department 24 hours after the insertion because the insertion site had diffuse redness, swelling, and blistering. Physicians prescribed 500 mg dicloxacillin every 6 hours for 10 days to treat suspected cellulitis. She returned to the clinic 1 week later, at which time the redness and blisters had disappeared. No drainage, fluctuance, or tenderness remained at the insertion site, which was clean. At her 3 month follow-up appointment, the insertion site itched constantly. The physician noted a fan-shaped area of hyperpigmentation at the insertion site. The physician prescribed 0.1% triamcinolone cream and told her to return for follow-up care. She returned in 3 months with complaints of itching and pain at the site. The physician noticed a fan-shaped keloid over the implant site and at the wound site. The patient asked for the implants to be removed. The physician did not encounter any difficulties in removing the 6 capsules and injected aqueous triamcinolone acetate into the keloid. Her mother had also experienced keloid formation. Resolution of the keloid at the implant site was noted at her 6-month follow-up visit. Based on a review of the literature, the cause of blister formation and subsequent keloid formation was likely multifactorial. The risk for keloid formation is highest in people with deeper skin pigmentation regardless of race, a family history of keloid, own history of keloid, and ethnic background. Patients should be counseled about the possibility of skin reactions such as keloid to implants.
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PMID:Keloid formation from levonorgestrel implant (Norplant System) insertion. 785 93

Seventy-three patients with metastatic breast cancer, whose disease progressed on hormonal therapy with tamoxifen or aminoglutethimide, were treated with megestrol acetate, 160 mg/day. No complete responses were observed. Partial response was achieved in 3 patients (4%), for a median of 9 months (range 5-13). Thirty-five patients (48%) remained stable, for a median of 8 months (3-26). The remaining 35 patients (48%) had clear progression of their metastatic disease on therapy. Response to megestrol acetate was achieved in patients with metastases in bone and pleura only. There was no correlation between response to megestrol acetate and response to prior chemotherapy, prior tamoxifen therapy, previous treatment with aminoglutethimide, or hormone receptor status. The actuarial 24-month survival for all patients was 37%. The main side effects of megestrol acetate included weight gain (20% or over), pruritus, elevation of blood pressure, weakness, and vaginal bleeding; they were only occasionally observed. The objective improvement observed during this trial is disappointing; the only reasons to justify the use of megestrol acetate as second- or third-line hormonal therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer, would be the relatively long duration of disease stabilization in a large proportion of patients, and the low toxicity observed with the drug.
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PMID:Megestrol acetate in advanced breast carcinoma after failure to tamoxifen and/or aminoglutethimide. 819 8

A crossover study to compare the effects of seven different dialysers on intradialytic symptoms in 37 patients during dialysis with acetate-containing dialysate was performed at five centres in four countries. The same manufacturing lot of each dialyser and of blood line sets were used by all centres. The same clinical data (duration of dialysis, blood pressure, weights, temperature, drugs, symptoms, and treatments) and technical data (blood flow, dialyser clearance, and ultrafiltration rate) were collected. Kt/V for urea was used to determine dialysis prescribed. Intradialytic symptoms and signs were measured hourly or when observed by staff using the haemodialysis treatment form (see Introduction). After each week of treatment with a particular dialyser, patients completed a questionnaire relating to the presence and severity of symptoms. (Only presence or absence of symptoms are presented.) Wide differences in dialysis duration and blood flow between centres were noted. These may have contributed to the differences between centres in relationship to staff reported responses to different dialyser: Dialysers with the lowest incidence of both signs and symptoms and of chest pain, back pain, and itching (arbitrarily designated bioincompatibility symptoms) were the Duo-Flux and Filtral, with the G120 M, the CD 4000, and the T 150 having the highest incidence. By patient questionnaire the most biocompatible dialysers were the T 150, F 60, and the Filtral, with the most symptom producing being the G120 M and the G10-3N. Perceptions of symptoms between patients and staff differed substantially overall and between centres. Hypersensitivity reactions were noted in two patients, both occurring with cuprammonium cellulose hollow-fibre dialysis, despite adherence to manufacturers' instructions concerning saline priming and removal. Both patients showed antibody titres greater than 1:160 against ethylene oxide-HSA. Ethylene oxide was not detected (limit of detection 1 part per million) in dialysers, blood line sets, or fistula needles. The study suggests that dialysis symptom reporting is complicated by individual perceptions, staff reactions, and the efficiency of recording. In this study ethnic and cultural differences must be added to the haemodynamic differences and other prescription-related elements in influencing symptoms. Despite these problems a hierarchy of dialyser-related symptoms and signs could be discerned which largely paralleled laboratory findings of biocompatibility. Future comparative studies relating symptomatology to membrane and dialyser structure should consider the variables identified as influencing symptoms and their reporting.
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PMID:Relationship between dialyser type and signs and symptoms. 827 50


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