Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In ten patients suffering from symptomatic dermographism the combined administration of chlorpheniramine + cimetidine produced a greater reduction in the weal and flare response provoked by a standardized scratch than the administration of chlorpheniramine alone. There was a statistically significant improvement in the overall assessment of the patient's skin condition with the combined administration of chlorpheniramine + cimetidine. Chlorpheniramine given alone produced no significant benefit whilst cimetidine alone produced a marked exacerbation in itching in nearly half the patients who initially entered the study and was sufficient to require withdrawal.
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PMID:The effect of H1 and H2 histamine antagonists on symptomatic dermographism. 47 88

The efficacy of chlorpheniramine in the prevention of choroquine-induced pruritus was assessed in a trial involving 132 malaria patients with a history of chloroquine-induced pruritus. Patients who gave informed consent were randomized into either placebo or treatment group. 70 were randomized into chlorpheniramine group and 62 into placebo group. Of the 70 patients put on chloroheniramine, 52 (74%) did not develop pruritus while only 15 (24.2%) of the 62 patients put on placebo did not develop pruritus. Chlorpheniramine was significantly more efficacious in preiritus prevention than placebo (X2 = 31; p less than 0.001). The protection rate of chlorpheniramine against chloroquine-induced pruritus was 67%. The number of patients who terminated treatment prematurely was significantly higher in placebo group than in piriton group. The possibility of recommending the drug into malaria treatment schedules for individuals with known history of chloroquine-induced pruritus is discussed.
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PMID:The efficacy of piriton on chloroquine-induced pruritus in patients with malaria. 204 Feb 33

Earlier studies have shown that intranasal chlorpheniramine (0.77%) can inhibit histamine-induced tickling, sneezing, and hypersecretion by a local effect on nerve fibres. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this solution had local anaesthetic of parasympatholytic properties. If neither of these properties are present it suggests that the anti-pruritic effects of the solution are caused by inhibition of H1 receptors, which in turn is indirect evidence for the presence of H1 receptors on nerve fibers. In a double-blind design 15 normal subjects were provoked with histamine in the eye after pretreatment with chlorpheniramine or with a local anaesthetic, oxybuprocain. Both drugs inhibited itching, but the H1 antihistamine was significantly more effective than the local anaesthetic (P less than 0.01). Corneal sensitivity was measured by an esthesiometer, and pupil difference was used as a measure for atropine activity. Chlorpheniramine had neither a local anaesthetic nor a parasympatholytic effect. This study has therefore strengthened the hypothesis that there are nervous H1 receptors in the mucous membranes of the eye and airways and has extended its application in animals to also include man.
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PMID:Effect of the H1 antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate on histamine-induced symptoms in the human conjunctiva. Indirect evidence for nervous H1 receptors. 612 66

A randomized crossover double-blind study in a selected group of patients with idiopathic urticaria (15 patients; 10 females, 5 males; 20-80 years old) has been performed in order to examine the clinical efficacy of H1 + H2-antagonists in this disease, as compared with the H1-antagonist alone and with placebo. Chlorpheniramine (4 X 4 mg/d) and cimetidine (4 X 400 mg/d) were administered, each of them over 4 weeks, after one week wash-out period. The number of wheals, the time of their persistance as well as the presence of itching were daily registered and then evaluated. The entire group showed no difference between antihistamines and placebo. Nevertheless, 4 patients have registered a definitely better response to the H1-antagonist, 4 other patients responded distinctly better to the combined H1 + H2-treatment and 5 patients showed no preference at all. In a long-term follow up period of 3 months the effect of chlorpheniramine became even better, whereas the response to the combined treatment remained unchanged. It seems that the clinical efficacy of H1 + H2-antagonists is rather moderate in idiopathic urticaria. Nevertheless, in individual cases non-responding to H1-antagonist the combined administration of H1 + H2-antagonists may be more beneficial for the patient.
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PMID:[Management of idiopathic urticaria with H1 + H2 antagonists. A crossover double blind long-term study]. 613 32

Chlorpheniramine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, reverse chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. However, the clinical significance of this remains unclear. We have evaluated the efficacy of chloroquine and a chloroquine-chlorpheniramine combination in 112 consecutive children with acute symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria. There was no significant difference in the parasite and fever clearance times in the 2 treatment groups. However, the proportion of patients in whom parasitaemia increased 24 h after commencement of treatment was significantly higher in the chloroquine group than in the chloroquine-chlorpheniramine group (28.5% vs. 8.3%, chi 2 = 6.61, P < 0.01). There was also a higher proportion of children with RII and RIII responses to treatment in the chloroquine than in the chloroquine-chlorpheniramine group but the difference was not statistically significant. The cure rate on day 14 was higher in the chloroquine-chlorpheniramine group than in the chloroquine group. Chloroquine and its combination with chlorpheniramine were well tolerated, the only prominent adverse effect being pruritus, with equal incidence in both groups. Chlorpheniramine reversed chloroquine resistance in vitro in a similar manner to verapamil in isolates of P. falciparum obtained from the patients. Failure of a response in vivo to chloroquine correlated with resistance in vitro in patients treated with this drug. In contrast, all but one patient with isolates which were chloroquine resistant in vitro were successfully treated with chloroquine-chlorpheniramine combination. These data suggest the enhanced efficacy of chloroquine-chlorpheniramine combination in treating acute uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in children from an endemic area of Nigeria.
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PMID:Enhanced efficacy of chloroquine-chlorpheniramine combination in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children. 950 91

Patients who are jaundiced have an accumulation of bile acids in the plasma, which can cause intense irritation. Pruritus associated with cholestasis is a difficult problem; the pathogenesis remains unknown. In severe cases, it can lead to sleep deprivation and contribute to significant psychological disturbances. Patients who have pancreatic cancer with unrelieved jaundice often say the itching is the worst symptom. Typically patients are prescribed Chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine, and Choleystiramine, which binds bile salts in the bowel and helps to facilitate their excretion. Choleystiramine only works if biliary obstruction is incomplete; it is not very palatable and can cause diarrhoea. A review of the literature revealed that certain drugs not intended for the treatment of pruritus associated with malignant cholestasis eased the symptoms considerably. There was very little relating to skin care in the majority of articles dealing with pruritus. Twycross (1997, Introducing Palliative Care, pp. 112-114) stated that most patients with advanced cancer and pruritus may never need an antihistamine if given appropriate skin care and that drugs are of little use in isolation. A regime of skin care was devised with the main aim of keeping the skin moist and cool. Factors were identified that would alleviate or aggravate the skin surface. With prompt treatment, symptoms were reduced and in some cases eradicated completely. The information gained has led to the planning of a trial to determine efficacy of skin care management and different drug therapies to relieve debilitating pruritus when established treatments fail. Key points include: (1) treatment of pruritus associated with malignant disease is directed towards effective management of the underlying cause; (2) given the subjective nature of pruritus, it is poorly understood and management presents a challenging problem; and (3) effective skin management can help to alleviate debilitating symptoms. Certain drugs not intended for treatment of pruritus associated with malignant cholestasis have proven to be effective.
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PMID:Pruritus: scratching the surface. 1278 14

The present study was performed to develop a new chronic itch model accompanied by skin lesions using hairless mice. The effects of some drugs on the itch response in this model were also studied. 2,4,6-Trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) was applied repeatedly on the rostral back of sensitized hairless mice every 2 days for 54 days, and the scratching behavior was observed on day 0, 18, 36 and 54. The skin symptoms and total IgE level were also observed. The number of scratches observed at 24 and 48 h after TNCB challenge was increased gradually from day 18 to day 54. An intimate relationship was observed between the number of scratches and the skin score at 48 h after TNCB on day 54. The skin symptoms and total IgE levels were also elevated gradually from day 18 to day 54. Chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine and methysergide caused no effect on the scratching behavior accompanied by skin lesions at 48 h after TNCB challenge, even at a high dose. On the other hand, L-733,060, naloxone, naltrexone, prednisolone and dexamethasone caused a significant inhibition of the scratching behavior induced by TNCB. Therefore, this model may be useful to evaluate the effects of drugs on the itch response accompanied by skin lesions, such as atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:A new chronic itch model accompanied by skin lesions in hairless mice. 1691 33