Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 34-month-old girl with stage IV neuroblastoma who developed hives when parenteral nutrition (PN) containing amino acids, dextrose, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, and trace elements was infused. Administration of diphenhydramine resulted in disappearance of the rash. Infusion of the PN solution without intravenous fat emulsion produced a similar rash with itching. The pediatric multiple vitamin (PMV) preparation was removed from the PN formula and the formula was infused without incident. The patient was maintained on PN and an oral vitamin supplement with no further complaints. Inadvertent administration of a PN solution containing PMV resulted in a recurrence of hives. Absence of any adverse reactions when the PMV preparation was removed from the PN solution and an allergic reaction when the multivitamin was added to the PN solution support the possibility that the allergic reaction was related to the infusion of the multiple vitamin preparation.
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PMID:Case report of an allergic reaction to parenteral nutrition in a pediatric patient. 213 46

It is sometimes necessary for the practitioner to transfuse the ruminant with whole blood or plasma. These techniques are often difficult to perform in practice and are time-consuming, expensive, and stressful to the animal. Acute loss of 20-25% of the blood volume will result in marked clinical signs of anemia, including tachycardia and maniacal behavior. The PCV is only a useful tool with which to monitor acute blood loss after intravascular equilibration with other fluid compartments has occurred. An acutely developing PCV of 15% or less may require transfusion. Chronic anemia with PCV of 7-12% can be tolerated without transfusion if the animal is not stressed and no further decline in erythrocyte mass occurs. Seventy-five per cent of transfused bovine erythrocytes are destroyed within 48 hours of transfusion. A transfusion rate of 10-20 ml/kg, recipient weight, is necessary to result in any appreciable increase in PCV. A nonpregnant donor can contribute 10-15 ml of blood/kg body weight at 2-4 week intervals. Sodium citrate is an effective anticoagulant, but acid citrate dextrose should be used if blood is to be stored for more than a few hours. Blood should not be stored more than 2 weeks prior to administration. Heparin is an unsuitable anticoagulant because the quantity of heparin required for clot-free blood collection will lead to coagulation defects in the recipient. Blood crossmatching is only rarely performed in the ruminant. In field situations, it is advisable to inject 200 ml of donor blood into the adult recipient and wait 10 minutes. If no reaction occurs, the rest of the blood can probably be safely administered as long as volume overload problems do not develop. Adverse reactions are most commonly seen in very young animals or pregnant cattle. Signs of blood or plasma transfusion reaction include hiccoughing, tachycardia, tachypnea, sweating, muscle tremors, pruritus, salivation, cough, dyspnea, fever, lacrimation, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, collapse, apnea, and opisthotonos. Intravenous epinephrine HCl 1:1000 can be administered (0.2 to 0.5 ml) intravenously or (4 to 5 ml) intramuscularly if clinical signs are severe. Pretreatment with antipyretics and slowing the administration rate may decrease the febrile response. Blood or plasma administered too rapidly will also result in signs of cardiovascular overload, acute heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension and edema. Furosemide and slower administration of blood or plasma should alleviate this problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Use of blood and blood products. 217 38

Twenty-nine patients (16 females and 13 males, aged 48 to 81 years) with lower respiratory tract infections have been treated with pefloxacin 400 mg, orally and/or intravenously, every 12 hours for 3 to 13 days. No other antibacterial agent was associated. Two patients dropped out because of gastralgia and vomiting and one because of pruritus. Success was obtained in 23 (88%) out of the 26 patients who completed the study. A patient with pleural empyema was treated successfully by washing the pleural cavity with a dextrose solution of pefloxacin. In addition to the drop-outs, 4 patients complained of gastralgia which disappeared spontaneously in 2 of them or after switching from oral to parenteral administration in the other 2. No adverse interaction was observed between pefloxacin and other drugs taken concomitantly, in particular theophylline, corticosteroids, and beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulants. Hematological tests including blood-cell count did not reveal any adverse modification.
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PMID:[Treatment of infection of the lower respiratory tract. Experience with a new quinolinone: pefloxacin]. 253 67

Recently several reports have described the usefulness of meperidine as the sole agent for spinal anesthesia. In this study, meperidine 50mg mixed with 10% dextrose 0.5ml was used for the spinal anesthetic agent for Cesarean section in 182 cases. The subarachnoid injection of meperidine resulted in anesthesia similar to that noted with the intrathecal administration of local anesthetics. Sensory and motor blockades in all patients with meperidine spinal anesthesia were obtained. Prolonged analgesic effect (453.7 +/- 158.1 minutes) and rapid motor recovery (75.9 +/- 17.2 minutes) were obtained. Side effects included nausea (49 patients), hypotension (95 patients) and pruritus (30 patients). Hypotension was easily treated with rapid hydration and ephedrine. Eighteen patients complained of mild pain during the last period of operation. At birth, all newborns cried immediately and the mean Apgar scores were 9.8 +/- 0.4 at one minute and 10 at 5 minutes. It is concluded that meperidine, which has advantages such as rapid motor recovery, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and mild complications which may be easily treated, can serve as a good alternative agent for spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section.
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PMID:Intrathecal meperidine as the sole agent for cesarean section. 263 46

In November 1985, a 5-year-old Chinese girl presented to the Dermatological Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, having scaly erythematous plaque with mild itching on her right upper eyelid. Skin biopsy and fungal cultures were performed after failure of initial topical steroid therapy. The histopathology revealed many acute and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrating the dermis and H & E stain revealed some foamy vacuolated spores; P.A.S. and Gomori's methenamine stain also showed many spores and sporangia containing endospores. Lactophenol cotton blue and methylene blue wet mount preparations were made from the colony growing on Sabouraud's agar. Microscopically, these showed many round or oval spores and endospore-containing sporangia, corresponding with the histopathology. This microorganism grew as a milky white yeast-like colony on Sabouraud's dextrose agar, blood agar, EMB, Tween 80 cornmeal agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and brain heart infusion with sheep RBC agar. On Pagano-Levin medium, the colony became deep red in color and in the thioglycollate broth tube culture, it was suspended on the upper layer as a whitish ring-form of granules. The microorganism showed no urease activity. In the assimilation tests, there were positive reactions to glucose, galactose, trehalose, fructose, mannose and glycerol, and negative reactions to maltose, xylose, raffinose, sucrose, lactose, cellabiose, n-propanol, etc. The electronmicroscopic examination of the colony revealed sporangium containing spores and characteristic dense body and plastids in the spores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cutaneous protothecosis: first case in Taiwan]. 280 69

To determine the safety, efficacy, and the ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) of mini-dose intrathecal morphine, 33 healthy women who underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia using 0.75% bupivacaine in 8.25% dextrose were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive, in a double-blind fashion, either morphine 0.25 mg (group I, n = 11), morphine 0.1 mg (group II, n = 10), or saline (group III, placebo group, n = 12) in 0.5 ml volume mixed with the bupivacaine. In both groups I and II excellent postoperative analgesia with long duration was obtained (27.7 +/- 4.0 and 18.6 +/- 0.9 hours, respectively, X +/- SEM). All patients in group III required an analgesic (8 mg subcutaneous morphine) within 3 hours of spinal anesthesia. Seven patients in group I and four patients in group II developed mild pruritus that did not require treatment. Ventilatory responses to CO2 showed no evidence of depression attributable to either the 0.25 or 0.1 mg of morphine, but significant depression of the CO2 responses was observed in group III patients after administration of subcutaneous morphine. It is concluded that a dose as low as 0.1 mg of intrathecal morphine gives excellent analgesia with minimal to no side effects and that subcutaneous morphine is associated with marked depression of the ventilatory variables.
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PMID:Mini-dose intrathecal morphine for the relief of post-cesarean section pain: safety, efficacy, and ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. 327 78

A case of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton equinum is reported. A 25-year-old man employed at a breeding center of a horse racing course was infected on the left arm in August, 1981. The lesion had a vesicle or a small pustule accompanied by severe itching. The fungal elements of the scale were identified by microscopic observation. Griseofulvin administration was found to be very effective for treating this infection. In a mycological examination, T. equinum was isolated mainly on cycloheximide-chloramphenicol Sabouraud's dextrose agar and chloramphenicol potato dextrose agar. Equine dermatophytosis was quite prevalent at this race course, so that this area as well as equipment used for the maintenance and care of the horse was very likely to be the source of the patient's infection.
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PMID:Human dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton equinum. 400 Feb 42

Thirty healthy women in active labour received an intrathecal injection of morphine 0.5 mg (n = 12) or 1 mg (n = 18) in 7.5% dextrose. Both doses provided excellent analgesia for labour, 93% of patients obtaining at least 50% pain relief. Analgesia began 15-60 min after injection and did not decrease until 6-8 h after injection. Analgesia was satisfactory until distension of the perineum, either by forceps or the infant's head. The intrathecal injection of morphine did not adversely affect the condition of the infant. Eighty per cent of patients developed pruritus; 53%, nausea or vomiting, or both; 43%, urinary retention; and 43%, drowsiness. These side effects were decreased by naloxone, which did not affect the degree of analgesia. There was no significant depression of ventilation in any patient. These results suggest that morphine 0.5 mg or 1 mg, administered intrathecally, effectively decreases the pain of labour, and that i.v. administration of naloxone can alleviate the common side effects.
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PMID:Intrathecal administration of hyperbaric morphine for the relief of pain in labour. 654 39

The effect of oral charcoal on idiopathic generalized pruritus in 11 stable patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was compared to that of placebo dextrose in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Contrasted to placebo, charcoal, 6 g daily for 8 weeks, relieved pruritus subjectively in all but one patient (P = 0.01). Symptomatic relief from pruritus coincided with objective resolutions of active, scratch-induced skin lesions (P = 0.03). No significant alterations were noted in the serum concentrations of standard laboratory variables, including lipids, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, or calcium, during treatment with either charcoal or placebo. No adverse effects from the charcoal were noted during the study.
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PMID:Relief of idiopathic generalized pruritus in dialysis patients treated with activated oral charcoal. 743 64

Lidocaine spinal anesthesia is a popular anesthetic for short procedures due to its brief duration. The addition of fentanyl may improve the quality and duration of lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Eight volunteers received plain lidocaine 5% in dextrose (50 mg) both with and without 20 micrograms of fentanyl in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over fashion. Sensory analgesia was assessed with pinprick, cold, touch, transcutaneous electrical stimulation equivalent to surgical incision, and duration of tolerance of pneumatic thigh tourniquet. Motor block was assessed with isometric force dynamometry. Regression of pinprick, touch, and cold was prolonged with fentanyl. Duration of tolerance of electrical stimulation at the umbilicus, hip, knee, and ankle was increased with fentanyl (181% increase from plain lidocaine on average; P < 0.01). Duration of tolerance of tourniquet-induced pain was increased by an average of 48% with addition of fentanyl (P = 0.02). Neither motor block nor time to void was prolonged with fentanyl. Pruritus occurred in all subjects receiving fentanyl but was treated easily and were well tolerated. We recommend the addition of 20 micrograms of fentanyl to lidocaine spinal anesthesia as a means to improve duration of sensory anesthesia without prolonging recovery of motor function or time to micturition.
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PMID:Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia without prolonging recovery. 789 26


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