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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy was first described in the german literature in 1975 by Lennert as "Lymphogranulomatosis X." The disease is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, dysproteinemia, fever and hyperergic reactions such as pruritus, skin rush and eosinophilia. The first ORL occurrence of the disease in Waldeyer's ring and cervical lymph nodes is reported. The histologic picture is characterized by a vascular proliferation with immunoblasts, plasma cells and interstitial amorphous acidophilic material but without Sternberg cells. The origin of the disease from primary malignant neoplasia or hyperergic reactions has not yet been defined. Although prognosis is uncertain and therapy limited, the best management involves small doses of corticoids, supplemented by antibiotics.
HNO 1978 Sep
PMID:[Head and neck manifestations of lymphogranulomatosis X (author's transl)]. 70 Nov 5

The general clinical and pathological findings of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy are reviewed and illustrated by a case-report with involvement of the tonsils. Our patient showed all the characteristic signs of this disease, including fever, pruritus, rash, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Histologically the wellknown triad of arborizing postcapillary vessels, proliferation of immunoblasts and plasma-cells, as well as deposition of PAS-positive interstitial material was found. Laboratory findings included a polyclonal hyperglobulinemia and a hemolytic anemia. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids and supportive medications. The prognosis is generally poor, with a median survival of 13 months. At present, the cause is unknown.
HNO 1979 Jan
PMID:[Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (author's transl)]. 75 11

It is generally assumed that a disturbance of microcirculation is the common pathogenic pathway of various cochleovestibular disorders. Several studies have demonstrated that hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has better rheological effects than dextran 40, and fewer side-effects. Therefore, we changed from dextran 40 to hydroxyethyl starch in 1987 for the treatment of several otoneurological disorders. However, some patients complained of general pruritus after 1 or 2 weeks of therapy with HES. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed using a questionnaire of 491 patients treated for various cochleovestibular disorders. We received answers from 94 (20%): 25 of 59 (42.4%) patients treated with HES complained of pruritus compared with only 4 of 35 (11.4%) patients treated with dextran 40. The difference was significant (P less than 0.01). Critical points are the retrospective study design and the small number of patients, so that no conclusions can be drawn about the incidence of pruritus after therapy with HES. However, we would like to focus attention on this side-effect, which has been neglected in the literature but is extremely uncomfortable and socially embarrassing for some patients.
HNO 1990 Aug
PMID:[Pruritus--a side effect of hydroxyethyl starch? First report]. 169 18

Allergic rhinitis is a classic example of a type I immunological reaction. After allergic provocation tests a biphasic reaction is seen in the respiratory tract that is more pronounced in the lower than in the upper respiratory tract due to the physiological changes during the nasal cycle. The early phase of the immediate reaction starts some minutes after allergen provocation. After 5-10 h the nasal symptoms (discharge, blockage, sneezing and itching of the nose) reappear, a phenomenon which is called the "late-phase response" (LPR). The LPR is of great clinical importance in the pathophysiology of perennial allergic rhinitis and phenomena such as nasal priming and nasal hyper-reactivity. The most important effector cell of the early phase of the immediate reaction is the mast cell, whereas basophils, eosinophils and neutrophil granulocytes seem to be more important for the LPR. There is also evidence for morphological and functional heterogeneity of mast cells in man. The role of the chemotactically immigrated eosinophils in allergic reactions has not been clear until now: the eosinophil-derived mediators may enhance or inhibit the allergic reaction. Also the eosinophils show different morphological and functional states (so-called hypo- and hyperdense eosinophils). The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (sneezing, discharge, blockage, itching of the nose) are caused by different mediators, of which the most important is histamine. Other mediators or modulators of the allergic reactions are leucotrienes, prostaglandins, PAF, serotonin, and the kallikrein-kinine and complement systems. In recent years many regulatory peptides have been detected in the human nasal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HNO 1990 Sep
PMID:[Current pathophysiologic aspects of allergic rhinitis. I]. 226 46

The term hyper-reactivity defines an inadequate reaction of the nose to normal airborne stimuli that are harmless to most of the population. In such cases the nose always shows exactly the same symptoms, irrespective of whether the rhinitis is allergic (IgE- or cell-mediated) or nonspecific (vasomotor). These symptoms include sneezing, nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, and itching of the nose. The vascular supply of the nose consists of capacitance vessels (veins, venules, sinusoids), resistance vessels (arteries, arterioles), and exchange vessels (capillaries of fenestrated types). Drug and mediator effects may be directed to different nasal vessel systems. The autonomic innervation of the nose is complex. Some neuropeptides have been demonstrated, in addition to the classical neurotransmitters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found in adrenergic fibers, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in cholinergic neurones; substance P (SP), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neurokinine (NKA) are found in sensory nerves. The possible significance of the different neurotransmitters and mediators in nasal hyperreactivity is discussed.
HNO 1988 Oct
PMID:[Current aspects of nasal hyperreactivity]. 306 18

Smog in hot summers contains noxious agents resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels whose levels are highest in industrial areas. Reactions of the oxygen radical of ozone with sulfur dioxides, nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and the water molecules of the nasal mucous membrane presumably support the formation of acids such as H2SO4 or HNO3 (from H2SO3 or HNO2 [3, 4]). Acid corrosion seems to damage the mucous membrane, leading to local erosions, bleeding, and necrotic changes. The collapsed local defense system and necrotic mucosa are an ideal culture medium for a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria. Main signs of tissue pathology are bleeding spots or pustules, nasal congestion, degenerative mucositis, pruritus, as well as epipharyngeal and pharyngeal irritation. Therapy is possible with topical or oral antibiotics. Prophylaxis includes avoiding touching the mucous membranes and reducing outdoor activity on hot summer days. Further clinical and scientific examination would be helpful in determining additional explanations.
HNO 1995 Apr
PMID:[Does summer smog damage the nasal mucosa and contribute to bacterial rhinitis?]. 779 Feb 39

Twenty-seven patients suffering from perennial non-allergic rhinitis were treated with capsaicin. The drug was applied intranasally seven times during intervals ranging from 4-7 days. The regimen involved application of a 0.5 ml of a 10 micromolar capsaicin solution on the first day of treatment, 0.5 ml of a 30 micromolar solution on the 2nd and 3rd days of treatment and 0.5 ml of a 100 micromolar solution on the 4th to 7th days of treatment. Two patients dropped out, one because he developed an exanthema of both forearms and the other for unknown reasons. Other side-effects observed were epistaxis (1 case) and increased dryness of the nasal mucosa. Twenty-two patients had experienced nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, nasal itching, sneezing, mucosal dryness and headache before and 6 months following capsaicin application and judged the success of therapy 6 months following treatment. Three patients did not take part in the follow-up. Fifteen of 27 patients felt no change had occurred in nasal complaints, while 7/27 scored significant improvement. Additionally, 11/27 subjects would not undergo this treatment a second time because it had been unsuccessful and/or painful. The mean symptom scores for nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, itching, dryness and headache revealed no significant changes before and 6 months following treatment with capsaicin. Blockers did not benefit from capsaicin treatment. The best change to benefit from intranasal capsaicin application involved patients with nasal hypersecretion and sneezing without substantial obstruction.
HNO 1993 Oct
PMID:[Treatment of perennial non-allergic rhinopathy with capsaicin]. 822 19

NC mice, a model for atopic dermatitis, showed scratching behavior when kept under conventional environment. The scratching behavior of NC mice was suppressed by distraction or by the administration of naltrexone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), an opioid antagonist. These results suggest that such scratching behavior is itch-associated response. The itch-associated response of the NC mice was significantly suppressed by an intravenous injection of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg), but not D-NAME (10 mg/kg) and saline. Intracutaneous NO production in the rostral back, a region which the NC mice mainly scratched, was markedly increased as compared with the caudal back, a non-scratched region. The increased NO production in the rostral back of NC mice was decreased by the intravenous injection of L-NAME (10 mg/kg). These results suggest that NO and NO synthase are new target in the treatment of atopic pruritus.
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PMID:[Involvement of nitric oxide in itch-scratch response of NC mice]. 1062 49

Ultraviolet radiation causes inflammation characterized by erythema and swelling, but also exhibits antiinflammatory effects which have led to the use of ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) in the treatment of psoriasis, chronic severe atopic dermatitis and uremic pruritus. In inflammatory dermatoses, a pathogenic role of nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been suggested. To elucidate how UVBR regulates iNOS expression in skin under inflammatory conditions, we investigated the effect of UVBR on NO production and iNOS expression in cultured murine keratinocyte Pam 212 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Low doses of UVBR significantly suppressed IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced NO production. UVBR also downregulated IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced iNOS expression at both the mRNA level and the protein level. These findings suggest the possibility that the down-regulatory effect of UVBR on IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced iNOS expression may, in part, explain the antiinflammatory and therapeutic properties of UVBR in inflammatory dermatoses.
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PMID:Ultraviolet B radiation downregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression induced by interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte Pam 212 cells. 1092 73

We have investigated the mediators and mechanisms underlying the vasodilator effects of the potent vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its isomers ET-2 and ET-3 in human skin, in vivo, using cutaneous microdialysis to quantify the release of mediators within the dermal response and scanning laser Doppler imaging to measure changes in blood flux. The effects of local anaesthesia, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME and ET receptor blockade on the ET-induced vascular response were also investigated. ET-1, -2 and -3 all caused a dose-dependent area of pallor surrounded by a long-lasting flare which was accompanied by a short-lived burning pruritus. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in dialysate collected within the pallor response to 5 microM ET-1 (1.43 +/- 0.64 microM, n = 5) was not significantly different from baseline levels collected prior to injection (0.86 +/- 0.38 microM) whilst that in the flare increased to reach a peak value of 2.28 +/- 0.61 microM at between 4 and 10 min after intradermal injection (P < 0.004). Pretreatment with local anaesthetic slowed the development of the flare and significantly reduced its size by up to 52% at 20 min after injection (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the central pallor. L-NAME, delivered by dialysis also caused a significant reduction in the ET-1-induced flare (P < 0.005). Bosentan, the non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) antagonist, when given by dialysis at the site of injection, reduced the area of both the ET-1-induced pallor and surrounding flare by 41 and 26%, respectively. No significant increase in tissue histamine was measured within either the pallor or flare response to ET-1, -2 or -3. Together these data confirm that the vasodilator response to endothelin-1 in human skin is neurogenic in origin and that it is in part mediated by the local release of nitric oxide. There appears to be little evidence for the involvement of mast cell-derived histamine in the initiation or modulation of ET-induced vasodilatation, in vivo.
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PMID:The neurogenic vasodilator response to endothelin-1: a study in human skin in vivo. 1118 78


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