Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study to determine the significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower urogenital tract using a new selective and differential medium, this organism was isolated from 30.1% of asymptomatic men, 37.8% of men with genital warts, and 26.3% of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Using the same selective medium B. ureolyticus was isolated from 49% of women attending the same genitourinary clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge and/or pruritus vulvae, 44.1% of asymptomatic women, and 50% of asymptomatic women attending a local family planning clinic. Furthermore, this organism was isolated from 27.1% of women whose vaginal specimens isolated commensal organisms only, 43.2% with C. albicans, 59.4% with U. urealyticum, 74.4% with M. hominis, and 76.8% with G. vaginalis. On testing with the API ATB 32A test strips, 86% of the positive isolates of B. ureolyticus from the female genital tract were indistinguishable from those isolated from the male genital tract indicating that this organism is common to the lower genital tract of both sexes. These results indicate that B. ureolyticus is a commensal in the lower genital tract.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower genital tract. 157 80

Sexual activity is the primary method of transmission for several important parasitic diseases and has resulted in a significant prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among male homosexuals. The majority of parasitic sexually transmitted diseases involve protozoan pathogens; however, nematode and arthropod illnesses are also included in this group. Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common parasitic STD. Infection with this organism typically results in the signs and symptoms of vaginitis. Trichomoniasis can be diagnosed in the office setting by performing a microscopic evaluation of infected vaginal secretions and can be successfully treated with metronidazole. Both pediculosis pubis, caused by the crab louse Pthirus pubis, and scabies, caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei, present with severe pruritus. A papular or vesicular rash and linear burrows seen in the finger webs and genital area are characteristic of scabies. Pediculosis pubis is diagnosed by observing adult lice or their nits in areas that bear coarse hair. The diagnosis of scabies is confirmed by scraping suspicious burrows and viewing the mite or its byproducts under the microscope. Lindane, 1% used in treating scabies, is also very effective for treating pediculosis pubis. Synthetic pyrethrins, also applied as a cream or lotion, are less toxic alternatives for the treatment of either condition. Oral-anal and oral-genital sexual practices predispose male homosexuals to infection with many enteric pathogens, including parasitic protozoans and helminths. The most common of these parasitic infections are amebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, and giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia. Both entities may cause acute or chronic diarrhea, as well as other abdominal symptoms. Most gay men with amebiasis are asymptomatic, and invasive disease in this group is extremely rare. Both amebiasis and giardiasis can be diagnosed on the basis of microscopic examination of stool specimens, although duodenal aspiration is occasionally necessary to confirm a diagnosis of giardiasis. Multiple treatment regimens exist for amebiasis. Iodoquinol is a good choice for asymptomatic cyst carriers, whereas the combination of metronidazole plus iodoquinol is used for symptomatic patients. Quinacrine and metronidazole are both efficacious in the treatment of giardiasis.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted parasitic diseases. 201 32

A total of 100 heterosexual adults of either sex with frequent episodes of recurrent genital herpes were allocated to treatment with either Genivir (DIP-253) 1% cream or placebo cream. All patients had genital herpes previously verified by a positive viral culture. The study was carried out as a double-blind parallel group trial. Fifty patients were allocated to each of the two treatment groups. The treatment was initiated within 24 hours after the first sign of a recurrence, and at the pretreatment examination all patients had developed typical lesions with blisters and/or sores. At baseline a sample for herpes virus culture and typing was obtained. The creams were applied four times daily for five days. Follow-up examinations were carried out on days 1, 2, 4 and if needed on days 7, 10 and 14. The major factor used for assessment of efficacy was the time to complete healing of all lesions. Duration of pruritus and pain were also recorded. In the group of patients treated with Genivir cream the time to complete healing was 3.3 days and in the placebo group 6.1 days. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The mean duration of pain was 1.3 days in the Genivir group and 2.5 days in the placebo group: this difference also reached significance (P less than 0.01). The duration of pruritus was about the same in both groups. The active agent in Genivir, DIP-253, is a heterocyclic aromatic complex with confirmed anti-herpetic activity and with evidence of a local immunomodulatory effect. It was concluded that the efficacy of topical application of DIP-253 may be due to combined antiviral and immunomodulatory activities.
Int J STD AIDS 1990 Jan
PMID:Genivir (DIP-253) 1% cream versus placebo cream in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a double-blind study. 209 94

To investigate whether the addition of epinephrine would enhance postoperative pain relief by intrathecal morphine, we studied 36 patients scheduled to have spinal anesthesia for gynecologic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the first received epinephrine 0.12 mg, morphine 0.2 mg, and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (EMT group, n = 11); the second received morphine 0.2 mg and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (MT group, n = 13); and the third received epinephrine 0.12 mg and hyperbaric tetracaine 12 mg intrathecally (ET group, n = 12). The time to the first request for supplemental analgesics was longest (2182 +/- 251 min, mean +/- SEM) and the injection number of supplemental analgesics was least in the EMT group (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who received supplemental analgesics in the EMT group (45.5%) was less than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Six patients in the EMT group and one in the MT group needed no additional analgesics during 48 h (P < 0.05 versus the MT and ET groups). The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was larger in the ET group than the EMT group (P < 0.05), but was similar in the EMT and MT groups. There were no differences among groups in the incidence of nausea and pruritus. Our data show that the addition of epinephrine enhances postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine without increasing the incidence of adverse effects as compared with intrathecal morphine alone.
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PMID:The addition of epinephrine enhances postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine. 765 13

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection correlated to reason for attending an STD clinic, presence of clinical signs of HPV infection, concomitant infection and abnormal cytology. Samples from the cervical canals of 588 consecutive women attending the STD clinic, Department of Dermato-Venereology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, were taken with a Cytobrush for detection of HPV DNA with the dot blot/Southern-blot technique. Visible condylomata, i.e. filiform or papular condylomata, were registered. Acetic acid test and colposcopy were not routinely performed. Cytological examination was performed as well as isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis on Mc Coy's cells and culture on Sabouraud agar for Candida albicans. The prevalence of HPV DNA was 8% (48/588). In the group of 233 women attending because of concern about HPV infection, 94 (40%) had visible signs of HPV infection and 30 (13%) were positive for HPV DNA in the cervix. In 355 women attending for other reasons, such as discharge, pruritus or STD check-up, 4 (1%) had visible signs of HPV infection and 18 (5%) were HPV DNA positive. Of 98 women with visible signs of vulvar/vaginal HPV infection, 33 (34%) were HPV-positive in the cervix with a commercial Southern-blot test. Of 490 patients without visible signs of HPV infection, 15 (3%) were HPV-positive in the cervix. In the group of HPV-positive women a positive culture for Candida was demonstrated in 26% (11/43), Compared to 16% (79/504) of the HPV-negative women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human papilloma virus infection among women attending an STD clinic correlated to reason for attending, presence of clinical signs, concomitant infections and abnormal cytology. 774 43

Efficacy of chemical and/or surgical treatment for penile and anal condylomata acuminata was investigated in two retrospective studies of hetero- and homosexual men. Variation in clinical features and symptomatology as well as the reliability of diagnostic criteria by different methods for acetowhite penile lesions was also studied. Furthermore, the antibody response in the course of penile wart disease as well as in asymptomatic genitoanal papillomavirus infection (GPVI) was analysed. In the first retrospective study, as much as 23% of patients still had condylomas after one year of chemical and/or surgical treatment. On the other hand, 38% were cured after a single treatment session. In the group mainly with anal warts, concurrent penile warts were significantly more common among heterosexual men compared to homosexual men (p < 0.001), while intra-anal wart growth was more common among the homosexual males (p < 0.001). When comparing diagnostic methods for subclinical penile HPV infection, conventional histopathology appeared to be the most valuable diagnostic aid to penoscopy, while the additional use of Southern blot, in situ hybridisation and PCR assays for HPV DNA detection did not increase the predictive value of GPVI. We also describe a new distinct clinical entity, HPV-associated balanoposthitis, comprising a wide range of often long-lasting symptoms, such as itching, burning and dyspareunia. A significant increase in the IgG antibody response against defined epitopes in the L1 and L2 capsid proteins of HPV 6, was found among men with previous condylomata. By following a cohort of STD clinic patients with multiple brush samples from the genitoanal region as well as serum samples taken at several consecutive clinical visits, we identified 16 patients who had seroconverted to HPV seropositivity during follow-up. Antibody responses to several HPV-derived peptide and protein antigens were induced at the same time. Seroconversions were usually seen concomitantly with HPV acquisition or at the visit after HPV DNA was first detected. The HPV antibody response was frequently transient and declined or disappeared after clearance of infection. The antibody responses were induced by several different HPV types, indicating limited type-specificity. The most type-restricted response was against HPV 16 capsids, where seroconversions to continuous seropositivity were induced by infection with HPV 16.
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PMID:Clinical and serological manifestations of genital human papillomavirus infection. 872 19

A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was carried out to assess the efficacy of inosine pranobex (1 g orally 3 times a day for 6 weeks) in the treatment of symptomatic subclinical human papillomavirus infection of the vulva. In a series of 55 women, 22 patients in the inosine pranobex group and 24 patients in the placebo group were suitable for analysis. A total of 14 (63.5%) of the inosine pranobex treated patients and 4 (16.7%) of the placebo treated patients showed significant vulval epithelial morphological improvement (P = 0.005) at 2 months after initiation of treatment. Whereas 13 (59.1%) and 9 (37.5%) patients in the respective groups showed significant improvement in the severity of pruritus vulvae (P = 0.435). Twelve (66.7%) of 18 patients with morphological improvement compared to 10 (35.7%) of 28 patients with no morphological improvement experienced significant symptomatic alleviation of pruritus vulvae (P = 0.041). Similar results were seen at the second assessment 4 months after the initiation of treatment. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 2 patients in the treatment group and by 2 patients (skin rash) in the placebo group. These adverse reactions were mild and self limiting. It is concluded that inosine pranobex demonstrated a significant pharmacological activity in subclinical HPV infection of the vulva and should be considered an alternative treatment for the condition.
Int J STD AIDS 1996 Jul
PMID:Efficacy of inosine pranobex oral therapy in subclinical human papillomavirus infection of the vulva: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study. 887 59

This is a study of 189 women attending a family planning clinic in rural South Africa to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections. Genital samples were taken from these women to diagnose infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and HIV, and to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Among the 189 women, 41 (22%) reported having had an STD treated in the preceding 12 months. By direct questioning, 74 women stated the following symptoms: genital itch -- 38 (20%); vaginal discharge -- 56 (30%); dysuria -- 33 (18%); dyspareunia -- 22 (12%); and genital ulcers -- 4 (2%). 45 (24%) women had more than one symptom. 119 (63%) women had at least one genital infection, and 49 (26%) had multiple infections. Most of the infections were asymptomatic; while those that were symptomatic, were unrecognized or not reported. Results showed a high prevalence of genital tract infection among the participating women, with most of their infections remaining asymptomatic or unrecognized. Thus, strategies to detect and treat genital tract infections in rural South Africa need to be developed.
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PMID:Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognised genital tract infections? 958 84

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a frequent inflammatory process in women but it has not been widely studied in female sex workers (FSWs). To estimate the frequency of Candida species infection in FSWs and to identify related risk factors and clinical findings, we carried out a retrospective study of 1923 FSWs over 11 years. We also performed a prospective study of 163 consecutive FSWs with a history of candidiasis during a 4-year period. Candida species were isolated in 1967 samples (18.5% of the total). Candida albicans (89.3%) was the most frequent species, followed by Candida glabrata (2.7%), Candida parapsilosis (1.2%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.4%). In the prospective study of 163 patients, we found vaginal discharge in 76.1% of cases, soreness in 52.1% and vulval pruritus in 32.5%. We identified 12 patients (7.4%) with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. No statistical difference was found between recurrent vulvovaginitis and the use of oral contraceptives, oral sex, tight-fitting clothing and synthetic underwear. FSWs have the same prevalence of candidiasis as other groups of women described in published literature. The proportion of albicans and non-albicans species does not differ between women with recurrent and non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Sep
PMID:Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers. 976 36

This dose-escalation study was performed to evaluate safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of uncircumcised men with penile warts associated with the foreskin. The cream was applied 3 times/week (n=34) or once per day (n=30) over 8+/-2 h. Imiquimod 5% cream was safe in both treatment groups. However, the 3 times/week regimen was better tolerated with a lower incidence of local skin reactions. In both groups, the 2 most frequently reported local skin reactions were erythema and erosion; they were more severe with the once-daily dosing. The most frequently reported application site reactions were burning, pruritus and irritation or pain (once-daily patients only). Total clearance was achieved in 62% of the patients in the 3 times/week group and by 57% in the once-daily group. Thus, imiquimod 5% cream administered 3 times/week was the optimal dosing regimen in the treatment of penile warts in uncircumcised men.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Jan
PMID:Safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of penile genital warts in uncircumcised men when applied three times weekly or once per day. 1180 42


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