Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chloroquine-induced pruritus has been described as a common adverse event in African patients being treated for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and has been associated with treatment discontinuation in this setting. In Latin America, where Plasmodium vivax is the most common species causing malaria and chloroquine is still used as the first-line schizonticidal for treating this parasite infection, there are no reports on chloroquine-induced pruritus. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of pruritus and associated risk factors in P. vivax-infected patients treated with chloroquine in a reference centre in the Brazilian Amazon. In this cross-sectional study, patients who were prescribed with chloroquine for the treatment of microscopy-confirmed P. vivax infection in the past five days were actively asked about the occurrence of any level of pruritus and potential risk factors were investigated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed for the analysis of possible risk factors in two sets of patients: (1) all the patients interviewed and (2) restricted to patients with previous use of chloroquine. Among the 510 patients interviewed, 20.4% (95%CI: 16.9-23.9%) developed any level of pruritus during treatment with chloroquine. Most episodes of pruritus occurred during the first two days of treatment and the most common location was hands and feet. In multivariate analysis performed in the entire population, the only risk factors independently associated to pruritus were allergy history (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.83; 95%CI 1.02-3.31; p=0.044) and high parasitaemia (AOR: 1.96: 95%CI 1.22-3.13; p=0.005). In the analysis restricted to the 215 patients with previous use of chloroquine, previous chloroquine-induced pruritus was a strong predictor of pruritus occurrence (AOR: 11.84: 95%CI 3.15-44.47; p<0.001). Two patients (0.4%) interrupted treatment due to the severity of pruritus. Pruritus is a common adverse event in patients being treated with chloroquine for P. vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Host-parasite interaction may play a relevant role in the development of pruritus and concurs with the finding of strong association of pruritus with high parasitaemia and allergy history. Patients with previous chloroquine-induced pruritus had a high risk for developing pruritus. Due to its high frequency, this side effect cannot be neglected as it can have major implications on patients' compliance to treatment hampering elimination efforts in the region.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors associated to pruritus in Plasmodium vivax patients using chloroquine in the Brazilian Amazon. 2390 14

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a public health concern in Ethiopia. However, the relationship between menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors to RTIs have not been well addressed. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 among 602 systematically selected reproductive-age women aged 15-49 years in Dessie City. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a direct observation checklist. RTIs were identified by the presence during one year before data collection of one or more signs of vaginal discharge, itching/irritation or ulcers/lesions around the vulva, pain during urination and sexual intercourse, and lower abdominal pain and lower back pain. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95%CI (confidence interval). The self-reported prevalence of RTIs was 11.0%(95%CI:8.5-13.7%) during one year prior to the survey. The most commonly reported symptoms of RTI were burning micturition (9.1%) and vaginal discharge (6.1%). Three-fourths 443(75.0%) of households used traditional pit latrines and the majority of the study participants 527(89.2%) did not meet the basic access requirement of 20 liters of water per capita per day. The majority 562(95.1%) of the study participants did not have multiple sexual partners during the last year and 97.8% did not practiced sexual intercourse during menstruation. The most common type of blood-absorbent material used was a sanitary pad 497(84.8%) followed by cloth 89(15.2%). Factors significantly associated with RTIs were using unclean latrines (AOR: 4.20; 95%CI:2.00-8.80), not washing hands with soap before touching the genital area (AOR: 3.94; 95%CI:1.49-10.45), history of symptoms of RTIs in the past year (AOR: 5.88; 95%CI:2.30-14.98), having multiple sexual partners in the past year (AOR: 4.46; 95%CI:1.59-12.53), changing absorbent material only once per day (AOR: 8.99; 95%CI:4.51-17.92), and washing the genital area only once per day during menstruation (AOR: 5.76; 95%CI:2.07-16.05). The self-reported prevalence of RTI showed that one women experienced RTI among ten reproductive-age women. Designing a women's health policy that focuses on ensuring availability of WASH facilities and improving MHM at the community level is key for sustainably preventing RTIs.
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PMID:Does menstrual hygiene management and water, sanitation, and hygiene predict reproductive tract infections among reproductive women in urban areas in Ethiopia? 3282 77