Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A two-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo (P)-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in the UK to examine the efficacy and safety of mizolastine (M), a new H1-receptor antagonist, as a once-daily 10-mg dose in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Fifty-six outpatients (M: n = 28; P: n = 28) with a mean age of 38 +/- 15 years, a duration of disease of more than 3 years, and symptoms of urticaria at least twice a week in the absence of treatment were recruited. After a single-blind placebo run-in period, patients were allocated to one of two treatment groups and were evaluated after 7 and 28 days. The main characteristics (age, duration of disease, number of urticarial episodes, and total score) of the two groups were comparable at inclusion. Mizolastine was shown to improve the urticaria symptoms: at the end of the study, mizolastine produced a significantly greater decrease in the global symptom score comprising itch, wheals, and erythema (M: 2.1 +/- 2.1 vs P: 0.4 +/- 2.0; P = 0.002). The patient-rated global discomfort from symptoms measured by visual analog scale was significantly improved with mizolastine (M: 31.4 +/- 36.7) compared to placebo (P: 5.4 +/- 27.6; P = 0.003), with respectively more M responders (74.1%) than P responders (28.6%, P = 0.001), a responder being a patient with a > or = 50% decrease in VAS. Premature dropouts due to lack of efficacy and loss to follow-up mainly occurred at the first evaluation (day 7) and were more often observed in patients in the placebo group (n = 17) than in the mizolastine group (n = 8) (P = 0.031). No serious adverse events were recorded. Somnolence was reported in two mizolastine patients, one of whom discontinued the study. Thus, mizolastine may be considered a new treatment option for the symptoms of chronic urticaria.
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PMID:Efficacy of mizolastine, a new antihistamine, compared with placebo in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. 883 36

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of mizolastine, a new second-generation antihistamine with European approval, in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. In this study, 141 patients were treated with once-daily mizolastine 10 mg or 15 mg in a 5-month open-label extension of a 1-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which assessed once-daily mizolastine 10 mg. Mizolastine significantly reduced the nasal subscore (sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itch; end-baseline +/- SD, -2.5 +/- 6.3), nasal obstruction (-1.2 +/- 2.6) and rhinoscopy scores (-1.3 +/- 2.6), and improved ocular and total nasal scores after 6 months' treatment. Improvement was maintained for the duration of the study with no loss of drug efficacy. Adverse effects were mild with no specific effects associated with prolonged use. These results clearly demonstrate that mizolastine is effective and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The significant clinical improvement in nasal blockade may reflect mizolastine's histamine/5-lipoxygenase dual inhibition.
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PMID:Mizolastine is effective and well tolerated in long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Riperex Study Group. 1072 36

Urticaria is a common disorder that adversely affects quality of life; work-related and recreational activities are restricted, while rest, sleep, and emotions are seriously disturbed in a significant proportion of patients. The pathogenic mechanisms vary, but cutaneous mast-cell activation with release of histamine and other vasoactive or proinflammatory mediators is thought to be the final common pathway for lesion induction in most cases. A subsequent, but incompletely understood, late-phase allergic reaction seems to prolong the inflammatory process, particularly in certain chronic forms of the disorder. Although histamine is considered an important mediator of urticaria, additional substances, including the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), are putative mediators of the immediate urticarial responses and the inflammatory events that follow in some types of urticaria. A second-generation antihistamine, mizolastine, which exhibits dual activity with selective H1-receptor antagonism and, as shown in animal studies, anti-5-lipoxygenase activity, represents an advance in the treatment of urticaria. It has rapid, potent and sustained action. At the recommended 10-mg dose, mizolastine suppresses the histamine-induced wheal reaction as early as 1 h after oral administration. Compared to placebo, mizolastine significantly reduces overall patient discomfort and pruritus in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have also shown mizolastine to be at least as effective as other second-generation antihistamines. Furthermore, with long-term use of mizolastine over 1 year, a reduction in pruritus and the number of urticarial episodes was maintained with no evidence of tachyphylaxis or tolerance. Mizolastine has also been shown to be an effective treatment for cold-induced urticaria, causing significant delay in the whealing response to the ice-cube test and also reducing the wheal diameter.
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PMID:Clinical advantages of dual activity in urticaria. 1129 78

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing; itching of the eyes, nose, and throat; nasal obstruction; and rhinorrhoea; they may be seasonal or perennial, depending on the causative allergen. The major symptom of perennial allergic rhinitis is nasal obstruction. Sneezing and rhinorrhoea are often present, but are less troublesome than in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Symptom relief is a priority in allergic rhinitis because patients have a severely impaired quality of life. The nasal vascular system is complex. Histamine acts on postcapillary venules during both the immediate and late phase of reactivity and causes plasma extravasation. Other inflammatory mediators can also induce this reaction. Thus, histamine antagonists that also have some additional antiallergic properties have advantages in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Mizolastine is a second-generation antihistamine that has been shown, in experimental studies, to possess 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory properties in addition to its H1-receptor antagonistic activity. In the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, mizolastine 10 mg/day has been shown to be effective in reducing nasal and ocular symptoms. It has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo with a greater percentage of responders. Another study has shown that symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in mizolastine-treated patients were reduced more significantly than in cetirizine-treated patients on the second and third days of treatment. In perennial allergic rhinitis, mizolastine significantly improved symptoms of nasal obstruction compared with placebo and also significantly reduced nasal membrane colour, nasal secretions, and mucosal swelling as shown by rhinoscopy. These effects were maintained over a 5-month treatment period. Mizolastine has also been shown to be at least as effective as loratadine, and in one trial even superior in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Clinical advantages of dual activity in allergic rhinitis. 1129 79

Allergen specific nasal challenge (ASNC) is an optimal model to study the pathophysiological mechanisms sustaining allergic inflammation, particularly the cytokine pattern. Antihistamines have been accepted as a highly effective therapy for allergic rhinitis. The aim of this double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study was the evaluation of symptoms and cytokines, during the early phase, after a single dose of mizolastine (10 mg), fexofenadine (120 mg) or placebo, using the model of ASNC. A total of 30 patients with allergic rhinitis underwent nasal challenge 6 hours after treatment. The following parameters were evaluated 30 minutes after ASNC (i.e. early phase): nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, itching, sneezing, obstruction), and cytokine pattern, including IL1, IL6, and TNFalpha. Mizolastine was associated with early phase reduction of: i) clinical symptoms (p < 0.03), ii) cyotkine levels of IL1 (p = 0.003), IL6 (p < 0.007), and TNF_ (p < 0.003) in comparison with placebo group. Fexofenadine significantly inhibited IL6 (p < 0.004) and TNFalpha (p < 0.004) levels in comparison with placebo. The present findings demonstrate that mizolastine exerts a significant effect on early phase events, reducing symptoms and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fexofenadine reduces TNFalpha and IL6 levels only. These effects appear to be clinical relevant for mizolastine.
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PMID:Mizolastine and fexofenadine modulate cytokine pattern after nasal allergen challenge. 1518 Mar 56