Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and seventy-six patients who were newly referred to two diabetic clinics completed an initial questionnaire and a second questionnaire 1 yr later. Over the 1-yr period the average 2-h postprandial blood sugar was reduced from 13.8 to 8.8 mmol/L. The questionnaire included 33 questions on symptoms, and four symptoms improved by more than 10%: increased thirst (reduced by 29%), dry mouth (reduced by 24%), pruritus (17%), and weakness in the limbs (10%). No symptom was increased by more than 7%. The changes in five symptoms were significantly related to the changes in blood sugar observed, the improvement in symptoms being associated with reductions in blood sugar. These results are contrasted with newly referred hypertensive patients in whom marked improvements in symptoms were not observed and an increased frequency of certain symptoms was observed owing to drug side effects.
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PMID:The reduction in symptoms of diabetic patients after treatment in diabetic clinics. 734 55

53 patients with advanced and measurable cancerr were treated with vindesine in doses of 3 mg/m2 (pretreated) and 4 mg/m2 (non pretreated) i.v. once weekly. 48 patients are evaluable for response: of 14 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 1 partial remission (PR), 1 minor response (MR) and 1 no change (NC) were observed. In 5 patients with large cell carcinoma of the lung: 1 NC. In 3 with adenocarcinoma of the lung: 1 MR. One patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had progressive disease. Stable disease was observed in a patient with carcinoma of the tongue and in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Four patients with colorectal carcinoma had progressive disease. One MR was observed in a patient with breast cancer, while all of the other 3 patients had progressive disease. One carcinoma of the penis was stable. One MR was observed in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. One PR was observed in a case with no-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A patient with acute leukemia had progressive disease. Among 9 patients with malignant melanoma, 3 had an MR and 1 patient had stable disease. A patient with fibrosarcoma had progressive disease. Observed toxicity included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, paresthesias, constipation, jaw pain, nausea, stomatitis, alopecia, loss of taste, pruritus and skin rash, weakness and fatigue.
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PMID:[Phase-II-study with vindesine (desacetyl-vinblastine-amide-sulfate) in advanced malignant diseases]. 742 51

Modern serologic methods permit the classification of the particular course a virus hepatitis takes into individual types of pathogenesis. This is the case with hepatitis A in which only cholestatic courses have been proved for sure. Cholestatic courses are observed in 5-10% of all cases of acute hepatitis A, with variations from country to country. The duration of the disease is considerably longer than in non-cholestatic hepatitis A. It is between 80 and 130 or even more days! The diagnostic difficulty consists in the clear delimination to other diseases, particularly to intrahepatic cholestasis by drugs or to posthepatic stenosis. Sonography and ERCP are useful technological methods in this situation. Specific therapeutical measures are not available due to the lack of knowledge of the pathogenesis of this type of acute virus infection. The prognosis of cholestatic hepatitis A is good. Short-term glucocorticoid therapy is recommended by some authors in long-term cases, which are associated with pruritus, general weakness, loss of weight and distinct icterus. The course of the disease is obviously not changed by this therapy, but the sometimes agonizing symptomatology is relieved.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of cholestatic viral hepatitis]. 748 21

Lumbar epidural analgesia was administered to 60 ASA class 1 & 2 patients with 3 ml test dose of 1.5% lidocaine and bolus of 20 ml of 0.5% lidocaine containing 0.5 microgram/kg sufentanil. Bilateral decreased lumbar cold perception was accepted as evidence of analgesia despite persisting pinprick sensation in thoracic dermatomes. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, cardiovascular parameters and leg muscle strength were monitored throughout and until 1 hour afterwards. Midazolam provided light sedation and atropine bradycardia control. Verbal communication was maintained. ESWL could start within 6-10 minutes of bolus, with analgesia adequate in 86% of patients, the rest being "rescued" with 5-10 ml 0.5% lidocaine or analgesic doses (20-30 mg IV) of ketamine. Leg weakness developed in 14%, with 1 patient fully paralyzed. All resolved within 1 hour. Topical urethral analgesia was used in males where cystoscopy preceded ESWL. Phenylephrine was required once for nild systolic hypotension, otherwise blood pressures were stable. Two of 4 patients experiencing pruritus needed naloxone relief. Itching appeared in skin recovering from sensory block while visceral analgesia persists. Excessive respiratory depression was not seen.
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PMID:Low dose epidural lidocaine/sufentanil is effective for outpatient lithotripsy. 756 23

Ciguatera poisoning develops after ingestion of certain coral reef-associated fish. With travel to and from the tropics and importation of tropical food fish increasing, ciguatera has begun to appear in temperate countries with more frequency. The causative agents are certain varieties of the protozoan dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, but bacteria associated with these protozoa may have a role in toxin elaboration. A specific "ciguatoxin" seems to cause the symptoms, but toxicosis may also be a result of a family of toxins. Toxicosis develops from 10 minutes to 30 hours after ingestion of poisoned fish, and the syndrome can include gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, as well as chills, sweating, pruritus, bradycardia, tachycardia, and long-lasting weakness and fatigue. More severe features are rare. In this review, the pathophysiologic features and symptoms of ciguatera are reviewed and compared with those of other seafood-related syndromes. Although no definitive therapy is known, the most promising treatment for ciguatera is intravenous administration of mannitol. Physicians should warn patients who are traveling to endemic areas about this toxicosis.
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PMID:Ciguatera: current concepts. 775 Nov 69

Epidural analgesia has a well-established role in labour, but has the drawbacks of delayed onset and motor blockade. The combined spinal-epidural technique may overcome these drawbacks. We carried out a randomised observational study to assess maternal satisfaction with the standard and combined techniques among 197 women in labour. For combined spinal-epidural analgesia, bupivacaine (2.5 mg) and fentanyl (25 micrograms) were initially injected into the subarachnoid space, followed by top-ups of 15 mL 0.1% bupivacaine with 2 micrograms/mL fentanyl into the epidural space, as required. For standard epidural analgesia, 25 mg (10 mL of 0.25%) bupivacaine was injected into the epidural space, followed by top-ups of 6-10 mL 0.25% bupivacaine, as required. Post partum, each woman completed a questionnaire about her labour and scored various items on a visual analogue scale (0 = best, 100 = worst outcome). Overall satisfaction was greater in the combined spinal-epidural group than in the standard epidural group (median [IQR] score 3 [2-10] vs 9 [3-22]; p = 0.0002). Good analgesia was achieved in both groups, but the combined spinal-epidural had faster onset of analgesia and more of this group were satisfied with analgesia at 20 min (92/98 vs 68/99, p < 0.0001). 12 women in the combined spinal-epidural group had leg weakness (as shown by an inability to raise the straight legs) at 20 min, but this initial motor block had resolved in most of these mothers by 1 h. In the standard epidural group 32 had leg weakness at 20 min (p = 0.001), and the proportion of mothers with weakness increased in this group during labour. There were no differences in side-effects, except for mild pruritus, which was more common in the combined spinal-epidural group (42 vs 1%; p < 0.0001). Overall, women seem to prefer the low-dose combined spinal-epidural technique to standard epidurals, perhaps because of the faster onset, less motor block, and feelings of greater self-control.
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PMID:Randomised comparison of combined spinal-epidural and standard epidural analgesia in labour. 747 83

To examine the effects of prolonged (> 24 h) intrathecal catheterization with the use of postoperative analgesia on the incidence of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), charts of 45 obstetric patients who had accidental dural puncture following attempts at epidural block were reviewed retrospectively. Three groups were identified: Group I (n = 15) patients had a dural puncture on the first attempt at epidural block, but successful epidural block on a repeated attempt; Group II (n = 17) patients had a dural puncture with immediate conversion to continuous spinal anaesthesia with catheterization lasting only for the duration of caesarean delivery; Group III (n = 13) patients had an immediate conversion to spinal anaesthesia and received post-caesarean section continuous intrathecal patient-controlled analgesia consisting of fentanyl 5 micrograms.ml-1 with bupivacaine 0.25 mg.ml-1 and epinephrine 2 micrograms.ml-1 with catheterization lasting > 24 h. No parturient in group III developed a PDPH. This was substantially lower (P < 0.009) than the 33% incidence for group I and the 47% incidence for group II. The incidence of a PDPH did not differ between group I and II. Similarly, there was no difference between group I and II with regard to requests for a blood patch. Patients receiving continuous intrathecal analgesia had excellent pain relief, could easily ambulate and none complained of pruritus, nausea, vomiting, sensory loss or weakness. In conclusion, indwelling spinal catheterization > 24 h with continuous intrathecal analgesia following accidental dural puncture in parturients may for some patients be a suitable method for providing PDPH prophylaxis and postoperative analgesia.
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PMID:Decreased incidence of headache after accidental dural puncture in caesarean delivery patients receiving continuous postoperative intrathecal analgesia. 860 27

Paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy occurs in association with many different types of cancer. The clinical findings are heterogeneous, and the pathogenesis is unknown. We have encountered 9 women with breast cancer and shared neurological features that suggest a distinct paraneoplastic syndrome. The syndrome is characterized by upper and lower extremity paresthesias and numbness, itching, muscle weakness and cramps, and in some, radicular symptoms and signs. Serum and CSF inflammatory changes suggested an immune pathogenesis but none had detectable antibodies directed at nervous system elements. Six patients presented with neuropathy 2 months to 8 years before the discovery of the breast cancer. In 7 the neoplastic disease was localized to the breast and axillary lymph nodes. The neurologic course was chronic in all, and while symptoms were annoying, disability was minimal until late. One improved transiently with plasmapheresis, and three had mild transient improvement with treatment of the cancer. Recognition of this paraneoplastic syndrome may forewarn the physician of an underlying breast malignancy.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy associated with breast cancer. 786 Nov 92

Side reactions following ivermectin treatment were evaluated in sixty males with high density bancroftian microfilaremia (GM 1388/ml). Following a single oral dose of ivermectin of different strengths (20, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms/kg), microfilariae clearance and side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. Microfilaria levels fell rapidly after ivermectin administration in all dosage groups and 98% of pretreatment microfilariae was cleared after 12 h of treatment. The rate of microfilaria (mf) clearance was slower with 20 micrograms/kg than with the highest dose (200 micrograms/kg) administered. Forty-six patients (77%) became amicrofilaraemic within 2 weeks of treatment. Side reactions were noted in 97% of cases. The most common reactions were fever, headache, weakness, myalgia and cough which appeared by 12 h and subsided by 72 h following treatment. The frequency and intensity of side reactions were related to pretreatment mf densities and were independent of the dose administered. Unusual side reactions were noted in a few patients with high density microfilaraemia. These included intense cough, shortness of breath, blood tinged mucoid expectoration associated with patchy pneumonitis of the lung. Itchy rashes, lymphatic nodules and raised alkaline phosphatase level were also observed in some patients. These side reactions were transient, self limiting and were not serious enough to warrant any treatment. These exaggerated unusual reactions were possibly due to allergic response of the susceptible host to rapid killing of large number of microfilariae.
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PMID:Side reactions following ivermectin therapy in high density bancroftian microfilaraemics. 790 35

The addition of 0.125% and 0.25% bupivacaine to continuous postoperative epidural infusions of fentanyl, in a 10 micrograms.ml-1 concentration, were studied in 39 patients following abdominal or thoracic surgery in prospective, random, double-blind fashion. Patients received an initial bolus of 0.1 ml.kg-1 of the the study solution and an infusion of 6 ml.hr-1 which was titrated to maintain analgesia (VAS < 40). Assessments of pain (VAS), pulmonary function (pH, PaCO2), and bowel function (time to flatus or po fluids) were made until the second post-operative morning. There was a difference among the three groups in analgesia (means VAS scores) over time (P < 0.01), with the fentanyl-alone group producing less analgesia than the 0.125% bupivacaine group (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the average infusion rates, postoperative pulmonary function, or bowel function. The incidence of side effects including somnolence, nausea and vomiting, and pruritus was also similar. Fewer patients in the 0.125% bupivacaine group than in the 0.25% group developed a transient sensory loss to pinprick and ice (3 vs 10, P < 0.001). Four patients in both bupivacaine groups had leg weakness, those in the 0.125% were all a Bromage 1 score, while in the 0.25% group one had a Bromage 1, one a Bromage 2, and two Bromage 3 scores. The addition of 0.125% bupivacaine improves the analgesia of epidural infusions of fentanyl (10 microgms.ml(-1)) when used following abdominal or thoracic surgery and results in minimal sensorimotor disturbance.
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PMID:Bupivacaine 0.125% improves continuous postoperative epidural fentanyl analgesia after abdominal or thoracic surgery. 805 5


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