Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of intranasal fentanyl citrate (INFC) were assessed in 12 hospice inpatients with cancer-related breakthrough pain. Patients received 20 microg of fentanyl citrate and were asked to rate their pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before INFC, then after 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Eight patients (66%) had reductions in pain scores, four within 5 minutes and seven within 10 minutes of taking INFC. Ratings for INFC were very good (5 = 42%), good (3 = 25%), moderate (1 = 8%), and bad (3 = 25%). In comparison to oral morphine, INFC was better (6 = 50%), the same (3 = 25%), or worse (3 = 25%). Nine patients (75%) said they would continue to use INFC. Of the three patients who did not experience a positive result, two were taking relatively higher baseline opioid doses and one was found to have a fracture. No systemic adverse events were noted; two patients reported nasal itching or discomfort on first use that disappeared with repeated use. Intranasal fentanyl citrate appears safe and well tolerated by these patients. Randomized placebo-controlled and dose-ranging studies are required to confirm these findings.
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PMID:An assessment of the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of intranasal fentanyl citrate in the management of cancer-related breakthrough pain: a pilot study. 1102 6

The results of a multicenter, open-label observation study evaluating the use of tazarotene in 1393 patients being treated for plaque psoriasis have been reported recently. The analysis of data from a subset of 166 patients who were switched from calcipotriene therapy, with or without a topical corticosteroid, to receive tazarotene plus a corticosteroid is reported here. This subset of 166 patients showed substantial additional improvements in efficacy and patient satisfaction over and above those already achieved with calcipotriene +/- corticosteroid treatment. The mean scores for overall severity of plaque psoriasis, plaque elevation, scaling, pruritus, and overall discomfort were reduced by 35%, 41%, 44%, 45%, and 40%, respectively, compared with baseline levels at the time of switching therapy. The severity of each of these parameters was reduced from mild-to-moderate at baseline to trace-to-mild after a mean of 10 weeks' treatment with tazarotene plus a corticosteroid.
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PMID:An observation study evaluating the efficacy of tazarotene plus corticosteroid in treating plaque psoriasis in patients switched from treatment with calcipotriene +/- corticosteroid. 1114 86

Overall results from a multicenter study involving more than 1000 patients with plaque psoriasis treated with tazarotene 0.1% gel plus a topical corticosteroid are soon to be published. This report considers a subgroup of 246 patients from that study who were switched from calcipotriene plus corticosteroid treatment (at baseline) to tazarotene plus corticosteroid for up to 12 weeks. Moderate (> or = 50%) global improvement was achieved in 75% of patients between the baseline visit (when on calcipotriene therapy) and the final visit (when on tazarotene therapy). Considerable additional reductions (38%-50%) in overall severity of plaque psoriasis, plaque elevation, scaling, pruritus, and overall discomfort were achieved over and above improvements already achieved with calcipotriene therapy. Furthermore, 74% of patients were satisfied with their treatment regimen at the final visit (when on tazarotene therapy), compared with 17% at baseline (when on calcipotriene therapy).
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PMID:Evaluating the potential clinical benefits of switching patients with plaque psoriasis from calcipotriene to tazarotene treatment. 1114 87

The experimental models and the studies in man employed to assess the skin and general safety of a newly developed glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, CAS 55-63-0) transdermal patch, hereinafter coded EPI, are described. EPI was found well tolerated by the skin after single or 28-day repeated epicutaneous application on the rabbit, devoid of phototoxicity in the mouse, devoid of skin sensitizing potential in the guinea pig and devoid of photosensitizing effects in the guinea pig. Tested were also, with negative results, the cytotoxic, hemolytic and genotoxic potential, the presence of bacterial endotoxins, the systemic and intracutaneous toxicity, and the possible conjunctival irritant effects. The application of EPI for 14 consecutive days on the thoracic skin of 28 healthy volunteers did not provoke subjective discomfort such as itching, burning or pain, or objective skin lesions. On the application site a light and transient erythema was often found demonstrating the transcutaneous absorption of the vasodilating GTN from the patch. The 14-day application was followed after two weeks by the application of a challenge EPI patch to detect a possible skin sensitization by EPI. No skin reaction was elicited, showing that also in man EPI is devoid of skin sensitizing potential. During the 14-day application of EPI several GTN commonly induced systemic adverse reactions were observed, particularly headache, confirming the systemic bioavailability of GTN from the patch. Headache rapidly disappeared after removal of the patch, in parallel with the decrease of the blood concentrations of GTN and of its active metabolites, consistently with the previous pharmacokinetic findings. This is an advantage of the administration of GTN with the transdermal patch because, in the case of unbearable headache, the patient is relieved by the simple removal of the patch.
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PMID:Assessment of skin safety of a new glyceryl trinitrate transdermal patch. Animal and human studies. 1121 23

Hemorrhoids are a pathophysiological consequence of hyperplasia of the corpus cavernosum recti, and can be classified into three grades of severity. Clinically, they usually manifest in the form of peri-anal bleeding, a diffuse sensation of discomfort, itching and secretion of mucus. The diagnosis is established on the basis of the dinical presentation. Treatment is mainly conservative, but is likely to be successful only in the early stages. Already second degree symptomatic hemorrhoids require definitive treatment. Although peri-anal thrombosis is sometimes a very painful condition, it is usually harmless. If pain is severe, surgical incision is indicated.
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PMID:[Sclerosing, coagulating, ligating... Managing hemorrhoids!]. 1121 36

The purpose of this study was to find a method to reduce the itch experienced by patients who have sustained burn injuries, by using and comparing the effectiveness of 2 shower and bath oils. One product contained liquid paraffin with 5% colloidal oatmeal and the other contained liquid paraffin. The study was carried out in the Adult Burns Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital (RBH), Brisbane. It was conducted during a 10-month period from July 1998 until April 1999. Thirty-five acute burns patients participated in an assessor-blind clinical trial. Patients were asked twice daily to rate their discomfort from itch and pain. The amount of antihistamine requested by each patient was totalled daily. Analysis of data supplied by patients showed that the group using the product with colloidal oatmeal reported significantly less itch and requested significantly less antihistamine than those using the oil containing liquid paraffin.
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PMID:The reduction of itch during burn wound healing. 1122 90

Vulvodynia is a symptom of chronic, painful vulvar discomfort of multicausal origin. Vulvar cancer is an underestimated cause of vulvodynia. Even early stages of vulvar neoplasia can lead to aching lesions. Three cases of vulvar carcinoma eliciting persistent pain have been diagnosed within a 2-year period. In 2 of our case studies, women had antecedent periods of vulvar pruritus of long duration (5 and 20 years, respectively). We conclude that early histologic examination of all visible vulvar lesions is necessary to exclude the presence of malignant vulvar neoplasia.
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PMID:Vulvodynia: an indicator or even an early symptom of vulvar cancer. 1127 Feb 97

Urticaria is a common disorder that adversely affects quality of life; work-related and recreational activities are restricted, while rest, sleep, and emotions are seriously disturbed in a significant proportion of patients. The pathogenic mechanisms vary, but cutaneous mast-cell activation with release of histamine and other vasoactive or proinflammatory mediators is thought to be the final common pathway for lesion induction in most cases. A subsequent, but incompletely understood, late-phase allergic reaction seems to prolong the inflammatory process, particularly in certain chronic forms of the disorder. Although histamine is considered an important mediator of urticaria, additional substances, including the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), are putative mediators of the immediate urticarial responses and the inflammatory events that follow in some types of urticaria. A second-generation antihistamine, mizolastine, which exhibits dual activity with selective H1-receptor antagonism and, as shown in animal studies, anti-5-lipoxygenase activity, represents an advance in the treatment of urticaria. It has rapid, potent and sustained action. At the recommended 10-mg dose, mizolastine suppresses the histamine-induced wheal reaction as early as 1 h after oral administration. Compared to placebo, mizolastine significantly reduces overall patient discomfort and pruritus in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have also shown mizolastine to be at least as effective as other second-generation antihistamines. Furthermore, with long-term use of mizolastine over 1 year, a reduction in pruritus and the number of urticarial episodes was maintained with no evidence of tachyphylaxis or tolerance. Mizolastine has also been shown to be an effective treatment for cold-induced urticaria, causing significant delay in the whealing response to the ice-cube test and also reducing the wheal diameter.
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PMID:Clinical advantages of dual activity in urticaria. 1129 78

Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the United States. Because of the lack of effective treatment options and toxicities of most chemotherapeutic and radiation regimes, immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy represent an attractive approach for patients with advanced melanoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response rate, time to progression, and survival of patients with metastatic melanoma treated by direct intratumoral injection with Allovectin-7 (a plasmid DNA encoding the genes HLA-B7 and beta2-microglobulin complexed with a cationic lipid mixture, DMRIE/DOPE. Fifty-two patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled in this Phase II study. Therapy consisted of six intratumoral injections of 10 microg of Allovectin-7 over a 9-week period. Treatment was well tolerated. Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate, the most frequent of which were ecchymosis, pruritus (and/or discomfort at the injection site), and pneumothoraces. Regression of the injected lesion was observed in 18% of patients, including one complete response, three partial responses, and five minor responses. An overall response rate of 4% (two partial responses) was documented, and nine patients (18%) maintained stable disease for at least 11 weeks. Six patients remained alive 25.1 to 39.4 months from their first injection, including two patients with local (injected tumor) responses and one patient with an overall disease partial response. This study demonstrates that intratumoral administration of Allovectin-7 in metastatic melanoma is safe and can produce both responses in injected lesions and in overall disease. Clinical trials optimizing patient selection and combining Allovectin-7 with other modalities of therapy are currently ongoing in an effort to improve response rates.
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PMID:Phase II study of direct intralesional gene transfer of allovectin-7, an HLA-B7/beta2-microglobulin DNA-liposome complex, in patients with metastatic melanoma. 1148 3

Intraoperative hypotension is a common and sometimes deleterious event in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of hip fractures. The synergism between intrathecal opioids and local anaesthetics may allow a reduction in the dose of local anaesthetic and reduce hypotension, while still maintaining adequate anaesthesia. We studied 42 elderly patients having insertion of a Richards pin and plate and compared 7.5 mg hyperbanic bupivacaine with added fentanyl 20 microg (group BF) to 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine alone (group B). Hypotension was defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure to less than 75% baseline or less than 90 mmHg and occurred with an overall incidence of 59.5%. There was no difference in the incidence or severity of hypotension between the two groups. Two patients from group B and one from group BF experienced mild discomfort. Pruritus was more common in group BF.
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PMID:Hypotension in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of fractured neck of femur. A comparison of two different spinal solutions. 1166 31


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