Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vulvar pain syndrome (vulvar vestibulitis, vulvodynia, burning vulvar syndrome) was first described at the end of the last century. Although more than 100 years have passed, the cause(s) of the disorder remains elusive. This review of the literature endeavors to collate the known facts relating to vulvar pain syndrome and to expose those hypothetical etiologies which fall short of establishing any scientific foundation. The diagnosis of vulvar pain syndrome is established on the basis of historical data which detail a rather abrupt onset of vestibular itching, burning, dryness which may be intermittent or continuous. Commonly, patients present with a history of chronic treatment for recurrent fungal infections. Sexual relations become uncomfortable or intolerable. Unanimously, the patients describe a panorama of topical creams and ointments which fail to alleviate the symptoms. Physical examination typically verifies hyperesthesia of the vestibular skin when touched lightly with a cotton-tipped applicator. Similarly, the vestibular skin shows varying degrees of redness. The treatment programs for vulvar pain syndrome are as diverse as the multitude of etiological hypotheses. This review includes data pointing out those therapeutic measures that appear valueless and that may add to the patient's chronic discomfort.
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PMID:Vulvar pain syndrome: a review. 747 16

A 20-year-old female was brought to our emergency unit with generalized erythema and discomfort induced by running after having eaten wheat bread. The laboratory examinations, including eosinophils, total IgE, RAST score to wheat, heat challenge test and methacholine inhalation test were within normal limits. No anaphylactoid responses occurred after provocation tests of wheat bread intake or exercise alone. However, on provocation exercise test after eating pancakes, she developed hypotension, generalized itching and urticaria associated with an elevation of plasma histamine levels. These findings suggested wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. This was completely prevented by daily administration of terfenadine 120 mg p.o. without side effects such as fatigue or drowsiness.
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PMID:Successful prophylaxis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis with terfenadine. 749 78

The purpose of the present phase IV multicentre trial was to evaluate general patient tolerance to Omnipaque 350 mgI/ml (iohexol) supplied in polypropylene containers compared to that of the same product supplied in routinely used glass vials, with emphasis on allergy-like adverse events. Polypropylene is a pure plastic material with practically no additives, and has been tested in vitro as a contrast medium packaging material for several years. Handling of these containers is easier and safer than handling of glass vials. Iohexol was administered to 1481 patients undergoing urography (741 patients in the glass vial group, 740 in the polypropylene container group), all of whom successfully participated in the trial. Six centres, representing four European countries, participated. Patients were randomized to receive iohexol from either polypropylene containers or traditional glass vials according to a double blind, parallel design. Pre-established inclusion and pre-admission exclusion criteria were followed, as well as routine procedures for preparation of the patients and conduct of the urography examinations at each hospital. Patient tolerance was assessed by recording all adverse events experienced over a period of up to 1 h after the procedure. Allergy-like events were defined as coughing, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, urticaria or itching. No adverse events were experienced by 56.5% of the patients in the glass vial group, nor by 58.0% of those in the polypropylene group. Discomfort (mainly a sensation of warmth) was reported by 39.4% and 38.6% of the patients, and adverse events other than discomfort by 7.4% and 5.9% of the patients, respectively. There seemed to be a correlation between the speed of injection and the frequency of discomfort (an increase with increasing speed), both of which varied a lot between centres. There was no significant difference in the incidence of allergy-like events between the two groups. Such reactions were seen in 2.0% of patients in the glass vial group and 1.9% of those in the polypropylene container group. There was no significant difference between the patients' tolerance to iohexol supplied in traditional glass vials or in polypropylene containers. Therefore, the new polypropylene container can be recommended as a container for Iohexol.
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PMID:Iohexol in patients undergoing urography: a comparison of polypropylene containers (Unique Soft Pack) and glass vials. 783 73

Ninety women undergoing elective caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia were double blindly randomised into three groups to receive either 2 ml of saline or 50 or 100 micrograms of fentanyl in 2 ml volume added to 0.5% bupivacaine. Both doses of fentanyl intensified the epidural anaesthesia and reduced patient discomfort during the operation. In both fentanyl groups the epidural blockade more often reached the 5th thoracic segment (P = 0.0258), the patients had significantly less pain (P = 0.0256), needed less intravenous diazepam medication during the operation (P = 0.0005) and the operating conditions were were better when compared to the saline group (P = 0.0416). There was no difference between the groups in the condition of the neonates as assessed by the Apgar score and cord blood pH. The postoperative time until treatment for pain was requested by the patients was more than 1 h longer in the fentanyl groups, but there was no difference in the total amount of postoperative analgesics needed during the first 24 h when compared to the saline group. Mild pruritus not requiring treatment was more common in fentanyl groups than in the saline group (P = 0.0187). The results suggest that 50 micrograms of fentanyl added to 0.5% bupivacaine increases patient comfort and improves the quality of epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section, and that adding 100 micrograms does not give further advantage.
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PMID:Comparison of two fentanyl doses to improve epidural anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine for caesarean section. 797 57

Herpes gestationis is a rare autoimmune disease of pregnancy characterized by itching and skin lesions. The disease causes prominently maternal discomfort, but fetal and neonatal complications have been reported; however the frequency and severity of fetal illness are still debated. We describe three cases of herpes gestationis diagnosed and managed at our institution in the last 3 years.
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PMID:Herpes gestationis. 791 59

Perianal condylomata, a result of clinical infection with human papillomavirus, are an increasing problem. The warts lead to bleeding, itching, and discomfort in the anal region and also may be associated with anal canal neoplasia. Treatment options are numerous and include chemical caustic agents, surgical ablative methods, and immunotherapy. A high rate of recurrence is encountered despite the best of efforts.
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PMID:Perianal condylomata acuminata. 798 68

Atopic dermatitis remains a common skin problem in the pediatric age group. General approaches to management focus on reducing inflammation and pruritus as well as preventing xerosis. Ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common form of the ichthyoses and often is associated with atopic dermatitis. Recognition of these conditions is necessary to institute therapy that will alleviate the discomfort experienced by affected individuals.
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PMID:Atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis vulgaris. 806 10

The purpose of this study is to clarify stressors resulting from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in CAPD patients and to discuss adaptation to daily life. With reference to the dialysis stressor scale used by Baldree and Masaki et al., a scale for CAPD stressors, consisting of 42 items, was devised, and the stressors were investigated in 56 patients, with the following results: 1) The items rated as high CAPD stressors included the frequency of bag exchange, itch, fatigue, anxiety about the future, and restricted physical activities. Restriction of meal and fluid intake, which are highly-rated stressors in patients on hemodialysis (HD) were not highly-rated stressors in these 56 CAPD patients. Thus, there was a difference between HD and CAPD. 2) The degree of cognition of CAPD stressors increased according to an individual's situation. (1) The presence or absence of an occupation had the greatest effect on the cognition of CAPD stressors. (2) The degrees of cognition of anxiety about the future and work-related difficulties as stressors were high in patients under 60 years of age. (3) The degree of cognition of items related to work as stressors was high in male patients while that of items related to body image as stressors was high in female patients. (4) There was a qualitative difference in stressor congnition between patients with a history of CAPD of shorter than 3 months and those whose history was 3 months or longer. (5) The degree of congnition of infection was also low in patients who suffered from peritonitis. (6) The degree of congnition of symptoms causing physical discomfort was high in patients with diabetic nephropathy. (7) There were significant differences in several variables, in terms of the degree of congnition, among patients with regard to work difficulties and the absence of familial cooperation. On the basis of these results, guidance for patients and their families is necessary.
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PMID:[Analysis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) stressors in CAPD patients]. 818 6

Our randomised study in parallel groups, double-blind double placebo, has compared the efficacy, onset of action and safety of terfenadine and cetirizine in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Over a fourteen day period, patients of the first group received a tablet containing 120 mg of terfenadine, those of the second group a tablet containing 10 mg of cetirizine. Symptoms were assessed every two hour period for the ten first hours on the first day (D1), and before and at the end of the study by the investigators. 193 patients were included by 48 dermatologists between May 1989 and July 1990. Both groups were well matched for all general characteristics and baseline symptoms scores. The onset and the intensity of regression of symptoms (pruritus, erythema and discomfort during sleeping time) were similar in both treatment groups public physicians: improvement of pruritus in over 90% of the patients. Meanwhile the tolerability was good or excellent for dermatologists and allergologists for 92% of the patients under terfenadine against 81% of the patients under cetirizine (p < 0.05). Adverse events (fatigue and drowsiness) were significantly reported less frequently (p < 0.05) in patients on terfenadine (19%) than on cetirizine (33%). This study confirms the efficacy of terfenadine compared with cetirizine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Adverse events were less significant for terfenadine (n = 18) than for cetirizine (n = 29) (p < 0.05).
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PMID:[Double-blind comparative study of terfenadine and cetirizine in chronic idiopathic urticaria]. 835 72

Postpartum haemorrhoids are a common problem, for which the recently marketed cooling device, Anurex (Roussel Uclaf Australia, Pennant Hills, NSW), was evaluated in 129 women randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. There was no difference in the rate of resolution of pain between the groups. The test group estimated a greater duration of pain relief, but this was not statistically significant. Anal bleeding and itching were not significantly reduced in the test group. There was no difference between discomfort scores related to application of the device in the groups, but a significant number in the test group encountered difficulty in insertion of the device. It is concluded that the introduction of the Anurex device as a standard method of treatment of postpartum haemorrhoids is not justified.
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PMID:Postpartum haemorrhoids--evaluation of a cooling device (Anurex) for relief of symptoms. 830 80


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