Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed a double-blind study of the dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine (0, 0.3, 1, and 2.5 mg) for postoperative pain relief in 33 subjects who underwent total knee or hip replacement surgery. Assessments commenced 1 hour after the opioid injection, which was given at the end of surgery, and continued for 24 hours. Pain measurements, supplementary analgesia requirements, and adverse effects were recorded. Intrathecal morphine provided effective, long-lasting pain relief. All doses delayed the initial perception of discomfort (T-Pain) and also postponed the onset of severe pain requiring analgetic supplementation (T-Morphine) (1.25 hours control with placebo injections; greater than 20 hours with intrathecal morphine 0.3, 1, and 2.5 mg: P less than 0.05). Although 0.3 mg usually provided good analgesia it was unsatisfactory in three of 10 patients (30%), whereas 1 and 2.5 mg were absolutely reliable. Respiratory depression (increased PaCO2), common after the administration of 1 or 2.5 mg intrathecal morphine, was slow in onset and prolonged. The respiratory depression after 2.5 mg was more profound than after 1 mg, and produced apnea necessitating large-dose naloxone therapy. Pruritus was unique to intrathecal morphine administration, but nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention were common in all the groups. We conclude that no ideal dose of intrathecal morphine exists because, even with small quantities, minor adverse effects are evident. Doses between 0.3 and 1 mg, however, should provide good analgesia free from the major complication, respiratory depression.
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PMID:A dose-response study of intrathecal morphine: efficacy, duration, optimal dose, and side effects. 318 98

Of 105 women referred for vulvar discomfort, 77 had idiopathic vulvodynia (pain, dyspareunia, burning or pruritus not explicable by a standard diagnosis). Physical examination showed that patients with those complaints fell into one of two categories: (1) diffuse, irritative acetowhitening of both the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces (42 patients), and (2) painful vestibular erythema, with or without acetowhitening (35 patients). The physical findings appeared to be predictive of therapeutic response. Among women with only diffuse, irritative acetowhitening, low-dose topical 5 fluorouracil was about 75% effective in milder cases, while CO2 laser photovaporization controlled 77% of cases with moderate and severe symptomatology. In contrast, medical regimens succeeded in just 8% of women with painful vestibular erythema, and only 59% were cured by hymenal resection. Several of the remaining cases have responded to selective argon laser photocoagulation of the hyperemic blood vessels within symptomatic areas.
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PMID:Colposcopic findings in women with vulvar pain syndromes. A preliminary report. 340 14

Thirteen healthy women in active labour received an intrathecal injection of morphine 1.0 mg. Eighty-five percent (11 patients) experienced acceptable or good pain relief. Analgesia set in 15-45 min after injection and reached a maximum after 15-120 min and lasted until delivery. Eighty-five percent (11 patients) of the patients developed mild side-effects i.e., pruritus, nausea and emesis. The intrathecal injection of morphine did not adversely affect the condition of the infant. Venous blood samples from the patients and umbilical cords for estimation of plasma morphine showed extremely low concentrations. No patients experienced any discomfort during the injection of morphine. These results indicate that morphine 1.0 mg administered intrathecally decreases labour pains to an acceptable level.
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PMID:Intrathecal administration of morphine for the relief of pains in labour and estimation of maternal and fetal plasma concentration of morphine. 360 34

Aquagenic pruritus is a disease in which itchy prickling skin discomfort is evoked by contact with water at any temperature without observable cutaneous lesions. Little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis. Previous reports show that increased levels of blood histamine and cutaneous mast cell degranulation are present before water exposure and that they increase still further with water challenge. This paper shows that fibrinolytic activity is markedly increased both before and after water exposure, while circulating fibrinolytic activity is normal before water exposure in three cases of aquagenic pruritus. A patient who was asymptomatic at the time of the study had no observed increase in fibrinolytic activity either before or after water challenge, suggesting that the remission of symptoms of aquagenic pruritus and normalization of cutaneous fibrinolytic activity are interdependent factors.
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PMID:Increased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity in aquagenic pruritus. 377 Oct 51

Rubber glove intolerance is a common dermatological problem and hypersensitivity of both delayed and immediate types occur. In order to study immediate skin reactions induced by rubber gloves, 15 patients with discomfort and itch produced by rubber gloves were examined. The patients were provoked by wearing rubber gloves, scratch tested with gloves, rubber chemicals and powders. RAST-tests were performed using an extract from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In 6/15 patients, contact urticaria was confirmed, in 3 of whom IgE antibodies to latex were demonstrated.
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PMID:Discomfort from rubber gloves indicating contact urticaria. 378 Feb 8

Doxepin hydrochloride, a tricyclic antidepressant, was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria in 16 adults. Efficacy was evaluated by symptom scores, concomitant antihistamine use, and suppression of histamine- and codeine-induced wheal response. Doxepin-treated subjects experienced fewer lesions (p less than 0.001), less waking hours with lesions (p less than 0.01), lesser degree of itch and/or discomfort (p less than 0.001), and less swelling or angioedema (p less than 0.001) as compared to placebo-treated subjects. Doxepin-treated subjects required less daily concomitant antihistamine use (mean 0.13 tablets versus 1.48 tablets, p less than 0.05). Doxepin also significantly suppressed histamine- and codeine-induced cutaneous wheal response as compared to placebo. Lethargy was commonly observed but diminished with continued use. Dry mouth and constipation were also commonly observed. We conclude that doxepin is an effective agent for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
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PMID:Efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. 378 54

Ibuprofen and placebo were compared in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study of 19 psoriatic patients receiving UV-B phototherapy to evaluate the symptomatic relief of UV-B-induced inflammation. Signs and symptoms of UV-B-induced inflammation (erythema, pruritus, skin pain, general discomfort, and nocturnal restlessness) were assessed for each treatment. An evaluation of 104 treatments disclosed that, although ibuprofen significantly reduced technician-observed erythema, it was not significantly different from placebo for the five other end points studied. Separate evaluations of higher dose UV-B treatments showed a small, but statistically significant, reduction with ibuprofen for four of the six end points evaluated. The data suggest that ibuprofen is more effective than placebo for the relief of symptoms associated with UV-B-induced inflammation after high dose UV-B phototherapy for psoriasis, but the drug has limited usefulness in the treatment of sunburn reaction from these same doses.
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PMID:Ibuprofen in the treatment of UV-B-induced inflammation. 388 8

DMSO is a clear odorless liquid, inexpensively produced as a by-product of the paper industry. It is widely available in the USA as a solvent but its medical use is currently restricted by the FDA to the palliative treatment of interstitial cystitis and to certain experimental applications. Cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma appear to resolve (albeit equivocally) following topical applications of high concentrations of DMSO. A limited number of small clinical trials indicate that intravenous DMSO may be of benefit in the treatment of amyloidosis, possibly by mobilizing amyloid deposits out of tissues into urine. Dermal application of DMSO seems to provide rapid, temporary, relief of pain in patients with arthritis and connective tissue injuries. However, claims for antiinflammatory effects or acceleration of healing are currently unwarranted. There is no evidence that DMSO can alter progression of degenerative joint disease, and, for this reason, DMSO may be considered for palliative treatment only and not to the exclusion of standard antiinflammatory agents. The safety of DMSO in combination with other drugs has not been established; neurotoxic interactions with sulindac have been reported. In experimental animals, intravenous DMSO is as effective as mannitol and dexamethasone in reversing cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. An initial clinical trial in 11 patients tends to support this latter application. DMSO enhances diffusion of other chemicals through the skin, and, for this reason, mixtures of idoxuridine and DMSO are used for topical treatment of herpes zoster in the UK. Adverse reactions to DMSO are common, but are usually minor and related to the concentration of DMSO in the medication solution. Consequently, the most frequent side effects, such as skin rash and pruritus after dermal application, intravascular hemolysis after intravenous infusion and gastrointestinal discomfort after oral administration, can be avoided in large part by employing more dilute solutions. Most clinical trials of DMSO have not incorporated the components of experimental design necessary for objective, statistical evaluation of efficacy. Randomized comparisons between DMSO, placebo and known active treatments were rarely completed. Final approval of topical DMSO for treatment of rheumatic diseases in particular will require a multi-center, randomized comparison between high and low concentrations of DMSO and an orally-active, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Medical use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 391 2

Microval, a low dose progestin oral contraceptive (OC) containing .03 mg levonorgestrel, provides contraception through 3 mechanisms: rendering the cervical mucus impermeable to sperm, slowing the descent of the egg through the fallopian tube, and causing endometrial atrophy unfavorable to nidation. The Pearl index is about 1%. Formal contraindications to Microval include suspicion of pregnancy, recent history of hepatitis or hepatic insufficiency, and breast or uterine cancer, while relative contraindications include ovarian dystrophy, mastopathy, and history of extrauterine pregnancy, jaundice, or pruritus of pregnancy. As with any other OC, a complete physical examination should be done before prescription to rule out contraindications, and follow-up examinations should be given twice yearly. Irregular cycles, spotting, amenorrhea, edema, and breast discomfort are not unusual at the beginning of treatment. Rifampicine, barbiturates, phenylbutazone, and the hydantoin group of drugs render Microval ineffective. The pill should be taken every day without exception at the same hour, and it is advisable to use another method of contraception during the 1st month of Microval use. A single pill taken 12 hours late can bring a risk of pregnancy. Low dose progestins are of interest for patients with contraindications to synthetic estrogens who desire an OC, but they can induce a relative hyperestrogenism with ovarian dystrophy and other symptoms, and they can cause menstrual irregularity.
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PMID:[Microval]. 392 36

Fifty-six women with minor vaginal irritation, some associated with infertility, and with negative wet mount examination for common vaginal pathogens, used a disposable povidone-iodine-containing preparation (Betadine Medicated Douche) in a one-week trial. Of the 185 patient complaints, which included discharge, odor, pruritus, erythema, burning, and discomfort, 94 percent cleared completely and 4 percent were partially relieved. Odor cleared completely in 97 percent of affected cases and pruritus, discharge and chafing in 96, 91, and 100 percent, respectively. In all, 98 percent of the patients responded favorably. Those who became asymptomatic included women with past histories of repeated vaginal infections or on oral contraceptives, as well as a diabetic and patients with intrauterine devices. The douche caused no adverse effects and was well accepted by the patients. The present results favor short-term trial of the povidone-iodine douche in minor vaginal irritation of unknown etiology, before full laboratory investigation is undertaken.
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PMID:Short-term use of a medicated douche preparation in the symptomatic treatment of minor vaginal irritation, in some cases associated with infertility. 614 14


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