Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of terfenadine in combination with phenylpropanolamine was assessed by comparison with terfenadine alone in a double-blind, parallel group study of 66 patients with nasal birch pollen allergy. The patients were allocated randomly into two groups; 34 patients received terfenadine (60 mg) twice daily and 32 patients a combination tablet containing terfenadine (60 mg) and phenylpropanolamine (50 mg) twice daily for 17 days during the birch pollen season. Nasal symptoms (sneezing, discharge, itching and blockage) were relieved significantly by both drugs, but control of symptoms was more rapid and better with the terfenadine-phenylpropanolamine combination. Rhinoscopic evaluation of nasal secretion and mucosal swelling showed no differences between the treatment groups. Compared with pre-season values, nasal peak expiratory flow (PEF)-values worsened significantly during the season in the terfenadine, but not in the terfenadine-phenylpropanolamine, group. The general condition of the patients was significantly better in the terfenadine-phenylpropanolamine group. There were no marked side-effects in either group. At the end of the trial some of the patients in both treatment groups still had symptoms; this is apparently due to the long-lasting and severe pollen season. It is concluded that terfenadine combined with phenylpropanolamine gives better control of seasonal allergic rhinitis than terfenadine alone.
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PMID:Terfenadine with or without phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 257 26

This double blind, parallel study compared flunisolide 2 X 25 mcg in each nostril twice daily, with placebo in the prophylaxis of nasal polyposis recurrence after surgery. The treatment lasted for 12 months. The study was conducted according to the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the patients gave verbal consent to participate. The study was reviewed by the Norwegian Medicines Control Authority. Forty-one patients with first or recurrent polypectomy were enrolled. Thirty-seven patients completed the 12 months' period. Four patients dropped out prematurely for reasons unrelated to the test drug. Flunisolide was significantly superior to placebo in preventing recurrence of polyps during 6 to 12 months' treatment, both with respect to number (p = 0.05) and size (p = 0.03) of polyps. Nasal symptoms of sneezing and stuffiness decreased significantly for flunisolide treated patients during treatment. In the placebo group, there was a significant increase in stuffiness throughout the year. For runny nose, there was no difference between the treatments. Six flunisolide patients and 10 placebo patients reported side effects during the one year treatment, transient mild itching being the most common complaint. Three cases of secretion with bloody traces were reported. No patient withdrew for drug related reasons. In this study, flunisolide was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing recurrence of nasal polyposis during one year's treatment after polypectomy.
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PMID:Flunisolide nasal spray 0.025% in the prophylactic treatment of nasal polyposis after polypectomy. A randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo controlled study. 400 59

The study investigated the effect of the oral H1-blocker terfenadine on allergen challenge in subjects with nasal allergy in comparison with the topical steroid, budesonide. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study with 3 experimental days was performed outside the pollen season. Seventeen nonsmokers with hay fever (symptoms, positive skin prick test, and RAST against timothy) were treated for 14 days before each experimental day, where the response to nasal challenge with four different concentrations of timothy was measured every 15 min for 6 h. The nasal cavity dimensions were measured by acoustic rhinometry and the olfactory function as the threshold for the sense of smell of butanol. Nasal symptoms were determined by questionnaires. Both terfenadine and budesonide dry powder had an effect on the hay fever symptoms during nasal pollen challenge. Terfenadine was more efficient than budesonide against histamine-mediated symptoms such as sneezing and itching. Budesonide increased nasal airway dimensions better than terfenadine (P < 0.01). A marked effect of budesonide was seen 1-2 h after challenge, suggesting an effect on "early late phase" reaction in the nose. In 7/17 subjects, a significant (P < 0.05) improvement of olfactory function after budesonide treatment was seen. In conclusion, topical steroid (budesonide) is superior to antihistamine (terfenadine) in treatment of nasal congestion in hay fever, especially for the postchallenge reaction, and may, in some cases, relieve the decreased sense of smell during pollen challenge.
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PMID:Effect of terfenadine and budesonide on nasal symptoms, olfaction, and nasal airway patency following allergen challenge. 750 5

The efficacy and safety of a new antiallergic drug, intranasal azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8), in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis was investigated in a 16 patient double-blind comparison with placebo and another 36 patient open comparison with budesonide (CAS 51333-22-3). Efficacy was assessed in terms of 13 signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis and tolerability on the basis of spontaneously reported adverse events. In the first study, compared to placebo a one week's treatment with azelastine resulted in substantial relief of sneezing (p = 0.009), nasal itching (p = 0.009), swelling of the nasal mucosa (p = 0.067) and rhinorrhoea (p = 0.262) in patients having the above symptoms at baseline of at least moderate to severe intensity. According to the judgement of the supervising physician, 7/8 azelastine-treated patients but none receiving placebo responded well to therapy (p = 0.001). In the second study a two weeks' treatment with intranasal azelastine was found not to differ significantly from budesonide 67% of patients showed improvement in principal signs of rhinitis after one week's therapy irrespective of treatment. Nasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, were most markedly improved by both treatments. Azelastine, but not budesonide, also relieved ocular symptoms associated with rhinitis. Adverse events did not occur more frequently under azelastine than under placebo treatment and were often of uncertain relationship to treatment.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to placebo and budesonide. 810 85

Certain prostaglandins acting as inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the aetiology of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the nasal mucosa might therefore influence the symptoms associated with PAR. A randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial using 0.1% Diclofenac eye-drops has been conducted to investigate this hypothesis. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), reduces prostaglandin synthesis through the inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. Twenty-five patients with significant PAR and positive skin tests to relevant perennial allergens were recruited and two drops of the given preparation were administered bilaterally q.d.s.. Thirteen patients completed the study. Nasal symptom score (itch, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, and blockage), smell test score, saccharin transit time, total nasal airflow resistance, and nasal inspiratory peak flow measurements were obtained at each of three study visits. No significant treatment effects were found. The daily nasal symptom score over the entire study period showed no significant variation. Adverse effects such as local invitation, dry nose or throat were rare. No untoward changes in haematological, biochemical profiles and urinalysis occurred. In conclusion, topical 0.1% Diclofenac eye-drops applied nasally have no significant effect on PAR. Prostaglandins alone may not play a major role in mediation of symptoms in this condition.
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PMID:Are prostaglandins major mediators in perennial allergic rhinitis? 893 78

Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray is an intranasal corticosteroid for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. This double-masked, double-dummy, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that the efficacy of fluticasone propionate nasal spray is attributable to topical rather than systemic effects. A total of 304 patients with documented seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned to receive fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200 micrograms once daily (n = 77), oral fluticasone propionate 5 mg once daily (n = 73), oral fluticasone propionate 10 mg once daily (n = 77), or placebo (n = 77) for 14 days. Plasma fluticasone propionate concentrations were determined at baseline and after 14 days of treatment (day 15). Nasal symptoms were recorded daily by patients and assessed weekly by clinicians. On day 15, more patients in the oral fluticasone propionate 5-mg or 10-mg groups, compared with patients in the fluticasone propionate nasal spray group or the placebo group, had detectable plasma fluticasone propionate concentrations, and mean concentrations were higher in the oral fluticasone propionate groups. Both clinician- and patient-rated total and individual nasal symptom scores for obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching were significantly lower in the fluticasone propionate nasal spray group compared with either of the oral fluticasone propionate groups or the placebo group. With few exceptions, oral fluticasone propionate (5 mg or 10 mg) was not significantly different from placebo on any measures of efficacy. These findings indicate that the efficacy of fluticasone propionate nasal spray (200 micrograms once daily) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis results from direct topical effects rather than from indirect effects after systemic absorption.
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PMID:The efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray for allergic rhinitis and its relationship to topical effects. 900 27

The clinical effect and tolerance of momethasone furoate (MF) glucocorticoid nasal spray (MFNS) were studied in 14-70 year-old patients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis. The patients administered daily one (morning) dose, 100 micrograms each, of MF into both nostrils, for a period of 14 days. They did not use other medicines affecting nasal symptoms. Nasal symptoms (nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, sneezing) and non-nasal symptoms (lacrimation, eye itching/burning sensation, palatal itching, ear itching, general itching), scored 0 to 3, and serving as a basis for evaluating the effect, were registered before treatment (day 1) and at visits on 3, 7 and 14th day. Of the 196 patients involved in the open multicentric study, 188 completed the study. The total average nasal symptom scores decreased, already after 3 days of treatment, from 8.7 to 4.1 and to 1.6 by the 14th day. Decrease of non-nasal symptoms was also conspicuous, however, lacrimation persisted in 57 of 188 cases, while eye itching--mainly in moderate and mild form--in 90 cases. The general condition of rhinitis before the treatment was evaluated by the examiners as severe or very severe in 155 cases (82%), as symptom-free (99 cases) on day 14 in, and mild (71 cases), in 170 cases (90%). The therapeutic effect was considered by both, patients and physician, as excellent, in 106 (56%) and 115 (61%) cases, resp. and as good in 63 (34%) and 56 cases (30%). Side-effects were mostly mild and transitory. Treatment was not discontinued due to side-effect in any of the cases. Based on the results, MFNS, administered in a single daily dose of 200 micrograms, has proved to be an effective and safe glucocorticoid preparation, also easy to use locally, in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:[Effectiveness and tolerability of the glucocorticoid mometasone furoate given as nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis]. 1093 85

Passive smoking is a major cause of respiratory morbidity, and is associated with increased bronchial responsiveness in children. To evaluate the effect of smoking by a parent on asthma symptoms, atopy, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 503 schoolchildren that involved questionnaires, spirometry, allergy testing, and a bronchial challenge test. If the PC20 methacholine was less than 16 mg/mL, the subject was considered to have AHR. The prevalence of a parent who smoked was 68.7%. The prevalence of AHR was 45.0%. The sensitization rate to common inhalant allergens was 32.6%. Nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction were present in 42.7%. Asthma symptoms such as cough and wheezing were present in 55.4%. The asthma symptoms were significantly more prevalent in children who had a parent who smoked than in those whose parents did not. The nasal symptoms, atopy, and AHR did not differ according to whether a parent smoked. In a multiple logistic regression model, the asthma symptoms and atopy were independently associated with AHR, when adjusted for confounding variables. Passive smoking contributed to asthma symptoms in schoolchildren and was not an independent risk factor of airway hyperresponsiveness in an epidemiological survey.
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PMID:The effect of passive smoking on asthma symptoms,atopy,and airway hyperresponsiveness in schoolchildren. 1508 93

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common childhood disease that is associated with a significant reduction in the patients' quality of life. Its treatment combines educating the patients and their parents, immunotherapy and drug administration. However, even the best approach does not relieve the symptoms of a number of patients. Alternative therapies are particularly needed for children because the fear of adverse events frequently reduces parental compliance to the prescribed drugs, and immunotherapy is less easy to administer than in adults. In this prospective investigator-blinded study we evaluated whether children, with a documented history of seasonal grass pollen-related AR, benefit from nasal irrigation by assessing the effects on nasal signs and symptoms, on middle ear effusion and on adenoidal hypertrophy. We randomized children aged 5 to 9 years (median age 82 months) to normal saline or hypertonic saline (a 2.7% sodium chloride solution), administered twice-daily using a disposable 20 ml syringe, or no treatment. Nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, itching, sneezing, nasal obstruction), swelling of turbinates, adenoid hypertrophy or middle ear effusion were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. Two hundred and twenty children (normal saline: 80; hypertonic saline: 80; no treatment: 60) completed the study. After four weeks, all the considered items were significantly reduced in the group receiving hypertonic saline (P < 0.0001), whereas in the group receiving normal saline only rhinorrhea (P = 0.0002) and sneezing (P = 0.002) were significantly reduced. There was no significant change in any of the items in the control group. The duration of oral antihistamines was significantly lower in the children receiving hypertonic saline than in those treated with normal saline or in controls. No adverse events were reported and parental satisfaction and compliance with the procedure were globally very good, regardless of the solution used. Using our procedure, hypertonic saline is effective, inexpensive, safe, well tolerated and easily accepted by children with seasonal grass pollen-related AR and their parents. Our data suggest that nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline might be included in the wide spectrum of therapies recommended for grass-pollen AR.
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PMID:Hypertonic saline is more effective than normal saline in seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. 2305 22

By 2050, the US aging population will nearly double. It will be increasingly important for health care providers to diagnose and manage rhinitis. Nasal symptoms of rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing, nasal/ocular pruritus, and postnasal drainage affect up to 32% of older adults, and can impact quality of life. Several underlying factors associated with aging may contribute to the pathogenesis of rhinitis in older adults. Although treatment options for rhinitis exist, special considerations need to be made because comorbidities, limited income, memory loss, and side effects of medications are common in older adults and may impact outcomes.
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PMID:Rhinitis in the Elderly. 2708 7


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