Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 70-year-old female presented with a generalized allergic reaction to heterologous insulin. Subsequent epicutaneous testing to human insulin (Humulin) evoked a large wheal and flare reaction and generalized pruritus. The institution of human insulin therapy in patients allergic to heterologous insulin may cause further allergic reactions.
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PMID:Human insulin allergy. 637 80

Randomized double-blind trials using doxepin and several conventional antihistamines were carried out for treatment of patients with idiopathic cold urticaria. In the first double-blind trial, eight of nine patients preferred doxepin (10 mg three times daily) to cinnarizine (10 mg three times daily). In the second double-blind trial, the results of ice cube tests suppressing the effect of cyproheptadine (4 mg three times daily), doxepin (10 mg three times daily), and hydroxyzine (10 mg three times daily) did not statistically differ. However, doxepin was subjectively the most effective and it had fewer side effects than other treatments that were compared. Doxepin effectively suppressed the wheal and itching responses and shortened the duration of the wheal response in the ice cube test in all patients with cold urticaria who were studied.
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PMID:Comparison of cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, doxepin, and hydroxyzine in treatment of idiopathic cold urticaria: usefulness of doxepin. 648 Sep 53

While more than 2,000 species and subspecies of fleas are known, only nine have significant medical and veterinary importance, and only six involve man. Eggs drop easily from pet hosts to be widely distributed throughout the home. Human flea bites range from small red welts to severe rash and itching; they are usually found only on wrists, ankles and legs. Treatment is symptomatic. Control of flea infestation is based on knowledge of the life cycle of the insect.
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PMID:Fleas. 672 Apr 89

Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity was found to be increased in a patient with aquagenic pruritus both before and after contact with water. This could explain the lack of wheal formation in this affection, which is characterized by increased histamine release.
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PMID:Increased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity in a case of aquagenic pruritus. 672 70

Twenty-six children with atopic dermatitis and markedly elevated serum IgE concentrations were evaluated for clinical evidence of hypersensitivity to foods with double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges. Selection of foods for challenges was based on positive prick skin tests (greater than 3 mm wheal) or a convincing history. At least one positive skin test to a food antigen was found in 24/26 patients. A total of 111 double-blind placebo-controlled challenges were performed in these children after suspect foods were eliminated from their diets for 10 to 14 days. There were 23 positive challenges in 15 children, 21 of which manifested as cutaneous symptoms, primarily pruritus and an erythematous macular and/or maculopapular rash involving 5% (or greater) of the body surface. In all, 14 children (54%) developed cutaneous symptoms after food challenges. All symptoms occurred within 10 min to 2 hr of challenge; nasal symptoms, mild wheezing, and gastrointestinal symptoms were seen in some children. No symptoms occurred in 104 placebo challenges. There were 86/111 clinically insignificant positive skin tests (77%) and three false-negative skin tests. These studies demonstrate that in some children with atopic dermatitis, immediate food hypersensitivity can provoke cutaneous pruritus and erythema, which leads to scratching and subsequent eczematoid lesions.
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PMID:Role of immediate food hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. 684 27

Forty-two patients with a history of egg sensitivity were evaluated for receiving avian-grown vaccines. After giving a history and undergoing physical examination, each patient was skin-tested with egg antigens and six egg-propagated vaccines, given an oral egg challenge, and finally, when possible, given a vaccine challenge. Thirty-seven of the 42 patients (88%) were ultimately given one or more of the vaccines with no reactions or only minimal ones to both egg protein and vaccine; they had mild reactions consisting of pruritus, headache, and apprehension. Immunization was withheld from three patients who had a history of severe reactions after egg ingestion and strongly positive skin reactivity to both egg and vaccine. A history of egg intolerance should not, by itself, disqualify a patient from receiving one of these vaccines. However, a history of exquisite sensitivity to egg protein indicates that a severe vaccine reaction is likely. An intradermal skin test utilizing 0.02 ml of a 1:100 dilution of the vaccine and resulting in a wheal of greater than 5 mm was found to be the test that most reliably predicted those patients who should not receive the vaccine.
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PMID:The safety of egg-containing vaccines for egg-allergic patients. 685 25

Three new cromones have been studied that are supposed to be better absorbed and to have a wider spectrum of anti-allergic activity than disodium cromoglycate. Pretreatment with i.d. injection of 10 microgram FPL 52758 significantly reduced the weal and flare reaction induced by specific antigen in 11 patients with atopic dermatitis. The weal and flare reaction was not reduced in the same patients when 1.5 mg of FPL 52758 was applied topically under occlusion for a 24-h period prior to challenge with antigen. The itch and slight pain caused by antigen injection was not experienced in the FPL 52758 pretreated areas. Preliminary clinical results were obtained with the cromone FPL 52757, but due to possible hepatotoxicity this trial was not completed. Another similar cromone without hepatotoxicity was used in a double blind within-patient study. Nine patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were treated with FPL 57787 (5%) ointment and matching placebo ointment. No significant improvement was observed after 4 weeks of treatment with the cromone containing ointment.
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PMID:Cromones in atopic dermatitis. 699 20

A 30-year-old male developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray (Pyrex). The same symptoms appeared with an alcoholic skin disinfectant (M-sprit) and other spirituous preparations denaturated with denatonium benzoate (Bitrex). An open epicutaneous test (20 min) showed wheal and erythema to Pyrex, M-sprit and Bitrex diluted to 2 x 10(-6) mg 1-1. It is deduced that the contact urticaria elicited from denatonium benzoate was caused by an immunologic mechanism of the immediate hypersensitivity type.
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PMID:Contact urticaria and asthma from denatonium benzoate (Bitrex). 721 90

Recent data have shown both synergistic and inhibitory effects between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) on inflammation and flare responses. The modulatory effects of CGRP on the itch, flare and weal responses following intracutaneous injections of SP and histamine were studied in 10 healthy volunteers. The only change in itch responsiveness observed was a significant prolongation of itch latency following SP when preceded 10 min earlier by a CGRP injection. No influence on flare and weal was observed.
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PMID:Influence of calcitonin gene-related peptide on histamine- and substance P-induced itch, flare and weal in humans. 750 47

The efficacy of a multiple oral dose treatment with mebhydroline (Omeril coated tablets, 100 mg t.i.d.) was examined in 3 studies which were performed in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled 2-way cross-over design. A second target was to investigate the suitability of different pharmacodynamic models for testing the efficacy of antihistamines. Study A involved a nasal provocation with a specific allergen in 11 symptom-free patients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis. In study B, a nasal provocation with histamine was investigated in 11 healthy volunteers. Study C involved a cutaneous provocation with a specific allergen in 12 symptom-free patients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis/atopy. The mebhydroline treatment's superiority over placebo was shown statistically at the 95% confidence level for the symptoms itchy nose in study A and for nasal congestion in study B. In study C, allergen-induced weals (planimetric measurement) and itching (visual analog scale) were significantly changed by mebhydroline. A qualitative evaluation revealed a reaction intensity that differed between the 2 treatments to a clinically relevant degree, however, without reaching significance. On the basis of the data it is expected that the clinical efficacy of mebhydroline may be further substantiated in confirmatory clinical trials which should include placebo and positive controls. The test methods used differed in their suitability for measuring the pharmacodynamic effects of antihistamines. Overall, the most clear-cut results were seen in hay fever patients using a specific allergen for provocation. The planimetric assessment of weal response should be preferred as a cutaneous model. Both AR and AARM have their clinical relevance. Based on highly significant results of a subgroup analysis there are indications in favor to AR, but momentary there is no definite conclusion in favor of or against either of the 2 methods.
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PMID:Three explorative studies on the efficacy of the antihistamine mebhydroline (Omeril). 758 91


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