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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical dryness of the leg skin is a common problem among dermatological patients. The efficacy and safety of 12% ammonium lactate emulsion (Keratisdin) for the treatment of dry skin on the legs of atopic and non-atopic subjects has been assessed by clinical criteria and by five different non-invasive methods. These methods measure biophysical parameters such as electrical capacitance of stratum corneum, skin surface lipids, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin surface topography (scanning electron microscopy and image analysis) as well as the biomechanical properties of the skin. Treatment with the test emulsion significantly reduced the severity scores for dryness, desquamation and pruritus when measured 15 days later. All patients tested showed a significant increase in electrical capacitance, skin surface lipids, extensibility and firmness of the skin, and an improvement in the skin barrier function and skin surface topography. This study showed that non-invasive techniques are excellent complementary tools in clinical studies.
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PMID:Clinical and non-invasive evaluation of 12% ammonium lactate emulsion for the treatment of dry skin in atopic and non-atopic subjects. 135 Jan 37

Pruritus is a common problem that can result from many conditions. Some, such as fungal or parasitic infection, may be fairly obvious. However, others, such as iron deficiency and psychogenic disorder, are more difficult to diagnose. Evaluation must include a thorough inspection of the skin, history taking for drug intake and chemical exposure, and appropriate laboratory testing. The location on the body and characteristics of the itching may point to a cause. In some cases, attention to exacerbating factors (eg, dry skin, coarse fabrics against the skin, dry environmental conditions) and application of topical preparations may be sufficient. Antihistamines are the foundation of oral treatment, and with the advent of second-generation agents, they can be taken with fewer concerns about their sedative effects. Specific conditions of which pruritus is one feature may require specific treatment. For example, in patients undergoing dialysis, activated charcoal, UV light treatment, or heparin therapy may be useful.
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PMID:Pruritus. What to do when the itching won't stop. 135 21

Neurodermatitis is a multiphasic disease, yet despite intensive research, its etiopathogenesis still remains unclear. A large number of immunological and nonimmunological dysfunctions as well as their diverse interplay lead to very different types of manifestation. Consequently, treatment must also be varied and is mainly determined by the clinical picture. External therapy without glucocorticoids is no longer conceivable in acute and subacute dermatological conditions, although attenuated glucocorticoids which have the least amount of side effects should always be used. Improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of hydrocortisone can be achieved by combining it with urea which, depending on the vehicle used, represents one of the most effective penetration promoters for this glucocorticoid. Fighting the symptoms of dry skin and itching are of central importance in the follow-up treatment and prophylaxis of neurodermatitis. Here, urea preparations have been applied with great success. Urea's efficacy in the skin is largely based on its ability to elevate the water-binding capacity of the corneal layer, on its keratoplastic properties, its antipruriginous effect and its proliferation-suppressant action. However, the intensity and the duration of this therapeutic efficacy are dependent on several factors which must be taken into consideration in the galenics of urea preparations. As a whole, there is a multitude of possibilities for the use of urea in the therapy, follow-up and prophylaxis of neurodermatitis which we have only just begun to exploit in full.
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PMID:[Introduction neurodermatitis and urea]. 155 36

Recently, many British Columbia sawmills stopped using traditional chlorophenate anti-sapstain fungicides and substituted 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) and copper-8-quinolinolate (Copper 8). We conducted a cross-sectional study with two aims: to ascertain which acute health effects, if any, were associated with the use of the substitute fungicides; and to determine the effectiveness of first-aid records as a means of detecting acute health outcomes. Workers in five coastal sawmills were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about symptoms considered potentially related and unrelated to fungicide exposure, and about injuries commonly reported in sawmills. In addition, we collected first-aid records from the mills, and asked senior workers to estimate the duration of exposure to fungicides for each job. Symptoms found to be consistently elevated in TCMTB mills included dry skin around the eyes, blood-stained mucus from the nose, nose bleed, peeling skin, burning or itching skin, and skin redness or rash. No symptoms were consistently elevated in the Copper 8 mills. Symptoms related to TCMTB exposure were recorded only 12 times in first-aid logs during the study period (versus 335 questionnaire self-reports). This low symptom-recording frequency may be a function of established patterns of first-aid use in which illness symptoms are reported less frequently than injuries.
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PMID:Recognizing acute health effects of substitute fungicides: are first-aid reports effective? 158 48

For 2 months we observed side-effects and indwelling times when using a subcutaneous catheter (Insuflon, Viggo AB, Sweden) for insulin injections. This method is used by approximately 600 children and adolescents with IDDM in Sweden today. 22 children and adolescents aged 4-19 years with a diabetes duration of 4.0 +/- 3.0 (mean +/- SD) years participated. Their HbA1c was 5.8 +/- 1.0%. All used 4-6 dosages of insulin per day. The catheter was placed subcutaneously in the abdominal wall, and replaced by parents when home tests showed increased blood or urine glucose, when the child experienced pain or when skin changes were observed. The 22 patients used 239 catheters with a mean time between changing catheters of 4.8 +/- 2.2 (range 0.5-17) days (= 1147 catheter days). Noted side effects were (% of catheter days): fixation problems, 5.6%; minor infection/irritation (= redness greater than 1 mm), 5.6%; pain, 2.8%; sore skin from plastic wings, 2.4%; itching/dry skin, 2.0%; eczema from band-aid, 1.7%; blocked catheter/injection needle, 1.6%; leakage of insulin, 1.3%, transient lipohypertrophies, 1.1%; hematoma/blood in catheter, 0.8%, and moist skin, 0.3%. No major infections requiring surgical or antibiotic treatment occurred. In conclusion, the use of indwelling insulin catheters seems to be a safe method to lessen the pain of insulin injections with a low frequency of side effects. The long-term metabolic control was not altered in this group of well-controlled children. We therefore find that we can recommend the use of indwelling catheters to children and adolescents who have difficulties with injections because of needle phobia or pain, particularly when using MIT.
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PMID:Side effects and indwelling times of subcutaneous catheters for insulin injections: a new device for injecting insulin with a minimum of pain in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 224 6

This comparative trial (histamine dry skin prick test versus control prick test) evaluates with subjective and objective clinical methods (i.e. itch scores, wheal area, and wheal and flare area) and with laser Doppler flowmetry (multiple sites measured between 5 and 15 min after prick test) the effect of increasing the duration of the skin prick (1, 3 and 10 s). As compared with control prick tests, all objective clinical parameters after histamine prick test were significantly different from the control prick tests. There was no interaction between agonist-duration of prick test and clinical parameters. When present, itch was reported only after histamine prick test. Skin blood perfusion values were evaluated with Laser Doppler flowmetry at prick test sites and at 1 cm distance from the prick test site. At control and histamine prick test sites, increased blood flow values were observed and a moderate interaction between agonist-duration of prick test and repeated measurement was noted (one tail P less than 0.05); there were indeed lower values 9 min after histamine prick tests whatever the duration of the prick test. At 1 cm distance from histamine prick test sites, all skin perfusion measurements (either 5-8 or 11-14 min) showed increased values over data recorded after control prick test (P less than 0.0001). On pooled data recorded at distance from histamine or control prick tests, there was a significant interaction between agonist-duration of prick test and laser Doppler flowmetry (P less than 0.0004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Skin response to histamine dry skin prick test: influence of duration of the skin prick on clinical parameters and on skin blood flow monitoring. 228 98

A multicenter open clinical evaluation of 0.05 percent betamethasone dipropionate in optimized cream vehicle for the treatment of psoriatic lesions was conducted to investigate its efficacy. There were 348 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who completed the three-week clinical trial. Three hundred and ten patients used the cream twice a day and another 38 patients used it once a day. All patients responded well to treatment. Significant improvement was observed at all follow-up visits on days 8, 15, and 21 (p less than 0.001) for measures of erythema, induration, and scaling of lesions. The response was equally impressive whether the patient's psoriatic status prior to the treatment was stable or worsening, involved more than 50 percent of the skin surface or less, or had lasted more than ten years or less. The response of psoriasis to once-a-day application of cream was as good as that seen with twice-a-day application. Side effects, noted in a small percentage of patients, were burning, dry skin, and pruritus. We conclude that the cream is a safe and highly effective treatment for psoriasis. The once-a-day application is probably adequate for control of psoriasis.
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PMID:0.05 percent betamethasone dipropionate in optimized cream vehicle for psoriasis. 264 19

Preparations containing urea were found to be effective in the treatment of ichthyosis vulgaris and so we were encouraged to test their use in other dry skin conditions. Urea creams are well applied to dry skin which is not inflamed. In the treatment of psoriasis, which requires a stronger water-binding substance, a combination of sodium chloride and urea in equal concentrations is optimal. Urea creams can be used in the prophylactic treatment of hand eczema and also as a prophylactic against infection, but not in the treatment of already existing infections. In psoriasis and ichthyosis urea is effective in creams substitution therapy. Though urea creams provided relief from itching in neurodermatitis, their use after treatment of eczema with fat-containing salves caused burning sensations. In our experience creams with a urea concentration of 5%-10% offer possibility for treating dry skin.
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PMID:[Urea as a single drug in dry skin]. 280 24

Neurodermatitis atopica is a skin disease caused by various different factors and which is characterized by the simultaneous presence of different clinical features. The treatment is directed towards the various aetiopathological factors and oriented on the clinical picture. The main symptom is dry skin, which has to be rehydrated and provided with an artificial film of grease. Dermosteroids are the most efficient antiinflammatory agents, but they can only be used as one of various components of a complete neurodermatitis therapy. New knowledge gained over the past few years has shown the important role of Staphylococcus aureus in this condition, and as a result antibiotic therapy has increased in importance. The use of soap, which was previously not recommended, is now considered to be a useful and beneficial addition to the treatment, thanks to the availability of new alkali-free, disinfectant soaps. In certain cases there is a causal connection with exposure to allergens. Besides treatment of the itching, which is crucial for the patient, stabilization of the psychological factor and, if necessary, changes in the patient's environmental situation are extremely important. Substitution of essential fatty acids and UV therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[Atopic neurodermatitis]. 292 79

Mupirocin is an investigational topical antibiotic used for treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial skin infections. Mupirocin differs from other antibiotics in its synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action. In vitro, mupirocin possesses antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, streptococci, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Few studies comparing mupirocin to other topical antibiotics are available. Initial studies comparing mupirocin to inactive vehicle in the treatment of impetigo indicate an overall 92 percent pathogen eradication rate with active drug and 58 percent eradication rate with vehicle. Overall response to treatment of secondary skin infections was favorable in 91 percent of patients treated with mupirocin and 77 percent of those treated with vehicle. Although incidence is not greater than placebo, adverse effects have included pruritus, burning, dry skin, and erythema. Additional trials and clinical use should further help determine the role of mupirocin in the treatment of minor, primary, and secondary skin infections.
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PMID:Topical mupirocin in the treatment of bacterial skin infections. 310 97


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