Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The small number of cases of Aujeszky's disease in goats referred to in the literature is stressed, and an outbreak in goats causing many deaths is reported. The flock of goats concerned was occasionally housed in a barn during the night in which there also were fattening pigs. The first deaths occurred without previous symptoms, the animals being found dead in the morning. In subsequent cases, symptoms were observed which continued for a few or several hours and consisted in agitation, lying down and rising, screaming plaintively, profuse sweating and, in the terminal stage, spasms and paralysis. Pruritus was not observed in any of the animals. Of the fifteen goats which had been housed in the pig-sty, thirteen died during ten days. In the same period, only one out of forty pigs died, and the others showed anorexia and somnolence for a couple of days but soon recovered. In two goats studied, the virus of Aujeszky's disease was isolated from the central nervous system. It is suggested that, in cases of disease or death in ruminants occurring in the proximity of pigs, there should primarily be a strong suspicion of Aujeszky's disease, regardless of the symptoms observed.
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PMID:[Aujeszky's disease in goats (authors transl)]. 19 54

Two new methods are described for the quantitative measurement of itch: the principle is to measure scratch which is the major objective correlate of itch. The first method is to record whole body movement at night by a vibration transducer on a bed leg; this gives qualitative and quantitative information. The second method is to measure limb movement with movement-sensitive meters; this give only quantitative data but is quicker and more easily carried out. The subjective sensation of itch was found to correlate well with nocturnal scratch, confirming the basic assumption of the method. Itching as measured by scratch occurs throughout the night and increased severity of itch is accompanied by an increase in the number of bouts of itch and not in their duration. Nocturnal restlessness is associated with an increase in leg movement and so can be dissociated from itch-provoked scratch, which is mostly done by the hands. The response of pruritus to treatment was demonstrated by both methods.
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PMID:A new method for the measurement of itch and the response to treatment. 119 38

Forty-three patients recruited from general practice with symptom-producing chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs participated in a randomized double-blind clinical trial with Venoruton (300 mg x 3) or a placebo for 28 days. Twenty-eight patients were treated with Venoruton and 19 with a placebo. None of the patients received other forms of treatment for chronic venous insufficiency. No differences were observed between the two groups as regards changes in symptoms (swelling, pain, heaviness, restlessness, itching and cramps) the subjective assessment of the discomfort in the extremities or the circumference of the limbs. Venoruton does not appear to have any effect on chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs.
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PMID:[Effect of 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (Venoruton) on symptomatic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs]. 141 83

In 1986-1988, adverse anaphylactoid reactions (AR) were observed in animals in Czechoslovakia after the administration of oil adjuvant-containing vaccines or other lipoid drugs. Treated animals showed signs resembling the classic anaphylactic reaction, i.e. restlessness, salivation, pruritus, oedema and cyanosis of udder and vulva, and eyelid oedema, developing within a few minutes. The reactions were not elicited by the antigen alone, but by the oil adjuvant. The aim of our experiments was to identify substances eliciting the reaction in susceptible animals and to investigate possible induction mechanisms. The emulsifier Tween 80 has been demonstrated to be an AR inducing component of vaccines and drugs (Tab. I and III). Weak or moderate reactions were observed in 33% of animals treated with 5% Tween and 66% of those treated with 10% Tween showed strong reactions. On the other hand, no reactions were elicited by treatment with several paraffin oils of different quality (Tab. I) nor with an oil-in-water emulsion containing Montanid as an emulsifier (Tab. II). The role of the vegetative nervous system in the rise of AR has been confirmed. AR were suppressed in animals pretreated with parasympatholytic atropine and enhanced in a part of those pretreated with parasympathomimetic pilocarpine (Tab. III). The percentage of animals affected and the intensity of AR were also lower in animals pretreated with complement inhibitor epsilon-aminocapronic acid (Tab. IV). A major role of complement activation is suggested in the discussion of possible mechanisms of AR induction. It is possible to draw a conclusion on the basis of the results presented here and of the analysis of individual cases that a certain degree of animal susceptibility, depending on the phase of reproductive cycle, metabolism level and neurovegetative balance is necessary besides the administration of an AR inducer (Tween 80 in our case). Hence it seems that the adverse anaphylactoid reactions results from interactions of the two factors, i.e. administration of an AR inducer to susceptible animals.
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PMID:[Causes of anaphylactoid reactions in cattle after administration of lipoid preparations]. 148 39

Five young adults with malignant neoplasms developed symptoms of narcotic withdrawal six to 48 hours after the abrupt discontinuation of narcotic therapy that had been administered for six to 21 days. The symptoms, which included agitation, irritability, muscular jerks, abdominal pain, diarrhea, burning sensations, "gooseflesh," and itching, rapidly resolved when narcotic therapy was reinstituted. Four patients were then successfully weaned from opiates without recurrence of their withdrawal symptoms; the fifth patient continues to receive methadone hydrochloride treatment for continuing pain.
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PMID:Narcotic withdrawal syndrome in young adults after the therapeutic use of opiates. 242 25

Ibuprofen and placebo were compared in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study of 19 psoriatic patients receiving UV-B phototherapy to evaluate the symptomatic relief of UV-B-induced inflammation. Signs and symptoms of UV-B-induced inflammation (erythema, pruritus, skin pain, general discomfort, and nocturnal restlessness) were assessed for each treatment. An evaluation of 104 treatments disclosed that, although ibuprofen significantly reduced technician-observed erythema, it was not significantly different from placebo for the five other end points studied. Separate evaluations of higher dose UV-B treatments showed a small, but statistically significant, reduction with ibuprofen for four of the six end points evaluated. The data suggest that ibuprofen is more effective than placebo for the relief of symptoms associated with UV-B-induced inflammation after high dose UV-B phototherapy for psoriasis, but the drug has limited usefulness in the treatment of sunburn reaction from these same doses.
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PMID:Ibuprofen in the treatment of UV-B-induced inflammation. 388 8

Severe reactions during dialysis occurred in 1.7% of hemodialysis patients. Respiratory distress, agitation, pruritus, and alterations in BP were the dominant clinical findings, and one patient suffered a respiratory arrest. It is not clear whether this syndrome is due to toxic substances or to an allergic reaction, although the presence of eosinophilia in three of five affected patients would suggest the latter mechanism. Disconnecting the patient from the extracorporeal circuit invariably improved the symptoms. Current evidence implicates the dialyzer as the most likely culprit, and our experience suggests that none of the commonly used dialysis membranes are truly biocompatible.
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PMID:Severe reactions during hemodialysis. 397 18

Itch was measured quantitatively as nocturnal scratch in 12 patients with psoriasis treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA and in 7 treated with dithranol. Three of those treated with PUVA showed an increase in nocturnal limb movement which was mostly due to itch but partly due to restlessness. There was little change in nocturnal limb movement in patients treated with dithranol.
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PMID:Itch following photochemotherapy for psoriasis. 616 4

Cocaine abuse surged in the 1980s, forcing reevaluation of its previously benign image. Snorted, smoked, and injected, the drug is more widely abused than ever and, the consequences are devastating. Medical complications are frequent and range from mild (eg, cough, itching, headache) to life-threatening (eg. stroke, seizure, cardiovascular failure). Behavioral disturbances constitute the most dramatic and widespread effects of intoxication and withdrawal. Psychopathologic responses may include perceptual disturbances (eg. hallucinations) agitation, aggression, delirium, confusion, and profound delusional ideation. The goals of treatment are abstinence, rehabilitation, and relapse prevention. Hospital care may be necessary in certain circumstances. Regardless of where treatment takes place, a comprehensive program of supportive care, behavioral therapy, urine monitoring, and often psychopharmacologic intervention is required.
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PMID:The treatment of cocaine abuse. 831 99

Remifentanil hydrochloride is a new, ultrashort-acting opioid metabolized by nonspecific plasma and tissue esterases. We conducted this multicenter study to examine the hemodynamic response and recovery profile of premedicated children undergoing strabismus repair who were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatment drugs (remifentanil, alfentanil, isoflurane, or propofol) along with nitrous oxide and oxygen for maintenance of anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia was by nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane or nitrous oxide, oxygen, and propofol. Anesthesia was then maintained with remifentanil 1.0 microgram/kg over 30-60 s, followed by a constant infusion of 1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1, alfentanil 100 micrograms/kg bolus followed by a constant infusion of 2.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, propofol 2.5 mg/kg bolus followed by a constant infusion of 200 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, or isoflurane 1.0 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration. The infusions of the anesthetics and the administration of the inhaled gases were adjusted clinically by predetermined protocols. Elapsed time intervals from the end of surgery to the time the patients were tracheally extubated and displayed purposeful movement, as well as the time the patients met the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital discharge times, were recorded. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at fixed intervals. In addition, cardiovascular side effects (bradycardia, hypotension, and hypertension) as well as vomiting, pruritus, agitation, and postoperative hypoxemia were also noted. There were no significant differences in patient demographics among the treatment groups. There was no difference in the early recovery variables (times to extubation and purposeful movement) or the times to PACU and hospital discharge among groups. There were significant differences in side effects among the groups. Patients who received remifentanil had higher PACU objective pain-discomfort scores than those who received alfentanil and propofol. Patients anesthetized with alfentanil had a greater incidence in the use of naloxone and a greater incidence of postoperative hypoxemia compared with those anesthetized with remifentanil. The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia was the same for remifentanil, propofol, and isoflurane groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of emesis among the four groups, and all four groups had similar hemodynamic profiles. We conclude that remifentanil appears to be an effective drug for anesthesia. Its hemodynamic and recovery profile appear similar to other comparable drugs. Based on previous pharmacokinetic studies, the 1.0 microgram.kg-1.min-1 infusion may be twice the 50% effective dose observed in adults. In this study, the relative "overdose" of remifentanil was well tolerated and did not prolong recovery.
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PMID:A randomized multicenter study of remifentanil compared with alfentanil, isoflurane, or propofol in anesthetized pediatric patients undergoing elective strabismus surgery. 914 19


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