Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two out of 235 patients with undoubted or suspected MS, treated at the Neurological Clinic, Uppsala, during the eight-year period, 1966-1973, had paroxysmal symptoms during the course of their disease. Paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia (7 cases), and tonic seizures (5 cases) were the most common types of attacks. Some types of attacks (paroxysmal hemiataxia and crossed paraesthesiae, paroxysmal itching, diplopia as the single, paroxysmal symptom) do not seem to have been described previously. A patient with tonic seizures caused by a localized, traumatic lesion of the cervical spinal cord is also described. It is suggested that the paroxysmal phenomena in MS are caused by a transversely spreading ephaptic activation of axons within a partially demyelinated lesion in fibre tracts somewhere in the central nervous system. The different paroxysmal phenomena are discussed in the light of this hypothesis.
 ...
PMID:Paroxysmal attacks in multiple sclerosis. 114 14

Palicourea marcgravii (Pm) is the most toxic plant in Brazil to cattle. Previous experiments showed that Pm experimental intoxication in rats is similar to that reported for cattle, and these symptoms include generalized itching, incoordination, depression, tonic-clonic seizures and death. The present study was undertaken to verify if the toxic principle of Pm responsible for seizure and death is the same that produces itching and depression. Rats that received Pm aqueous or chloroform fractions showed itching, while depression, seizures and death were associated with the aqueous fractions. These results suggest that Pm contains at least 2 active compounds, one causing itching and another one promoting depression, seizure and death.
 ...
PMID:Palicourea marcgravii intoxication in rats: effects of different fractions. 160 88

Intravenous fluorescein angiography is a commonly performed and extraordinarily valuable diagnostic procedure. The frequency of adverse reactions after angiography has varied considerably in previous reports. In a prospective study of 2789 angiographic procedures in 2025 patients, the authors found that the percentage of adverse reactions depended strongly on the patient's angiographic history. Overall, adverse reactions followed 4.8% of the angiographic procedures. These reactions included nausea (2.9%), vomiting (1.2%), flushing/itching/hives (0.5%), and other reactions (dyspnea, syncope, excessive sneezing) (0.2%). No cases of anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, or seizures occurred. The percentage of reactions was 1.8% for patients who had had previous angiography without ever having had an adverse reaction. In contrast, the percentage of reactions was 48.6% for patients who had had an adverse reaction to angiography previously.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of adverse systemic reactions after fluorescein angiography. Results of a prospective study. 189 Dec 25

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in five young to middle-aged cats of mixed breeding. Three of the cats were male and two were female. Historic signs included lethargy (n = 5), anorexia (n = 5), muscle tremors (n = 4), weakness (n = 4), generalized seizures (n = 3), ataxia (n = 3), mental dullness or disorientation (n = 3), panting (n = 2), pruritus (n = 1), ptyalism (n = 1) and dysphagia (n = 1). Weakness (n = 4), dehydration (n = 2), cataracts (n = 2), hypothermia (n = 1), and bradycardia (n = 1) were found on physical examination. Results of electrocardiography revealed a prolonged Q-T interval in two cats. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed profound hypocalcemia and severe hyperphosphatemia with normal renal function. The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism was made on the basis of the history, clinical signs, and results serum biochemical testing (i.e., severe hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia); in two cats, the diagnosis was also confirmed by histologic examination of parathyroid glands. Initial treatment included intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate and oral administration of large loading doses of calcium and vitamin D (dihydrotachysterol). Successful long-term management with dihydrotachysterol and calcium was achieved in all cats. The final dosage of dihydrotachysterol required to maintain normocalcemia in the five cats ranged from 0.004 to 0.04 mg/kg/day (mean = 0.015 mg/kg/day). Long-term calcium supplementation was given to three of the cats in dosages ranging from 29 to 53 mg/kg/day (mean = 42 mg/kg/day) of elemental calcium. One cat died after 28 months of therapy from widely metastatic hemangiosarcoma; the other three cats are still alive and well after 5 to 37 months of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in five cats. 202 14

A woman presented with a history of three regressive comas of undetectable etiology between the age of 52 and 57 years. An IgG lambda benign monoclonal dysglobulinemia was combined with a papular mucinosis (myxedematous lichen or the generalized form of Arndt-Gotton's scleromyxedema). In the 6 analogous cases documented in the literature the onset of coma occurred generally several weeks after an aggravation of the cutaneous lesions. The coma was preceded by an influenza-like syndrome followed by asthenia, malaise with vertigo and frequently epileptic seizures. During recovery, hallucinations and transient hepatic disorders were noted. Pruritus with pronounced hypereosinophilia preceded desquamation and regression of dermatologic lesions. These comas can lead to a fatal outcome (2 of 7 cases) or regress in 2 to 20 days usually without sequelae. The disease is probably of immunologic origin. The paraprotein or a serum factor could exert a direct toxic effect on brain. As in neurologic manifestations of malignant dysglobulinemia, explained initially by a "toxic encephalosis, clinical, angiography, biologic and immunologic data exist in favor of blood hyperviscosity. This hyperviscosity could result from polymer formation through intermediates immunoglobulins and other protein chains, or again from alteration of deformability of red cells by binding of paraprotein. Hyperviscosity syndromes are frequent in system diseases that are often associated with papular mucinosis. Whatever the exact mechanism of these "comas due to papular mucinosis", a logical choice is their treatment by immunosuppressants and plasmapheresis: in the case reported, the use of plasmapheresis as soon as premonitory signs had appeared probably prevented a fourth coma.
 ...
PMID:[Recurrent coma, papular mucinosis and benign dysglobulinemia]. 296 74

The relative safety of imipenem/cilastatin for 3470 patients was reviewed to see if the safety profile was similar to that seen for the first 1723 patients treated. The most common clinical adverse experiences were local ones related to the site of intravenous infusion. Gastrointestinal adverse experiences included nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. The frequency of pseudomembranous colitis was low (0 X 1%). The most common central nervous system abnormality was seizure. The most common background factor was central nervous system abnormality including prior history of seizure. Dermatological adverse experiences included rash, pruritus and urticaria. Bleeding and decreased renal function were uncommon. The most common laboratory changes included transient increased liver function values, eosinophilia, positive Coombs' test (not associated with haemolysis) and increased platelets. The current clinical and laboratory safety data are similar to those obtained in the early part of the clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:The safety profile of imipenem/cilastatin: worldwide clinical experience based on 3470 patients. 346 94

A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed. A 23-year-old black woman with a two-month history of seizure disorder was admitted to a hospital with nausea, vomiting, fever, lymphadenopathy, diffuse maculopapular rash, left-upper-quadrant tenderness, and hepatomegaly. She was receiving phenytoin sodium 300 mg/day; carbamazepine 200 mg four times daily had been discontinued four days before admission because of leukopenia. Phenytoin was discontinued after admission; however, phenytoin 1 g i.v. was given for a tonic-clonic seizure two days after admission, after which swelling of the face and legs and pruritus developed. Over the next few days, signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity progressed, and she became comatose. Seizures were treated with diazepam. She began to recover after 10 days of supportive therapy and was discharged several weeks later on primidone therapy. Serious phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions may appear as dermatologic, lymphoid, or hepatic syndromes. Fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy often accompany hepatic injury. Encephalopathy and death may occur. Proposed mechanisms for phenytoin hypersensitivity include antigen-antibody reactions, alteration of lymphocyte function, and an enzyme abnormality causing the production of toxic metabolites. Treatment is supportive; phenobarbital and carbamazepine may be used with caution as alternate anticonvulsant therapy. The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.
 ...
PMID:Phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. 367 71

During normal pregnancy, serum transaminase levels remain within normal limits. An elevated level observed in a pregnant woman always signals a disease process, most often of hepatic origin, but in certain cases, of muscular origin. During the last three months of pregnancy and in the immediate post partum period a large number of liver diseases can cause elevated transaminase levels, depending upon the clinical presentation. In everyday practice, a complete liver battery together with specialized consultation is required for all pregnant women with raised transaminase levels. Toxaemia gravis may be evident in patients with severely raised blood pressure, especially if seizures occur. Epigastric or subcostal pain should suggest hepatic involvement. Hypertension may however be absent and epigastric or left shoulder pain may be the only clinical signs. Acute liver steatosis is 20 to 50 times more rare than toxaemia and may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain non-specific signs such as asthenia, anorexia, polyalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever, together with pruritus should suggest acute hepatitis. A 25-fold increase in transaminase level is commonly encountered. The risk of fulminating hepatitis is less than 1/1000 but should always be entertained. All drugs should be stopped and careful research for recent xenobiotic contamination (drugs, infusions, alphamethyldopa, etc.) should be undertaken. Viral hepatitis requires serovaccination of the newborn at birth. Herpetic hepatitis is rare but requires rapid diagnosis (liver biopsy) and treatment with acyclovir in addition to cesarean section and treatment of the newborn at birth. Rare cases of hepatitis E may occur after a stay in North Africa, the Middle-East, Southeast Asia or Mexico. Chronic cases with or without temporary pruritus suggest infectious hepatitis B or C although, in chronic hepatitis C, serum transaminase levels often return to normal during pregnancy. Rare cases of asymptomatic elevations of serum transaminase levels can reveal subclinical chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of elevated transaminase levels at the end of pregnancy]. 802 21

To determine the incidences of side effects and complications associated with the use of epidural analgesia for infants and children at the Alberta Children's Hospital, we reviewed our experience over a two-year period. A database was established for recording management, side effects and complications of each epidural, and this is a retrospective review of that database. Problems were identified as complications if there was a need for medical intervention related to the patient complaint, and if the intervention was documented in the patient record. Continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.125% or bupivacaine 0.1% with epinephrine was used for managing postoperative pain in 190 children with mean age 5.6 yr (range 1 mo to 18 yr) and the mean weight 22 kg (range 4-88 kg). Mean duration of the epidural infusions was 4.7 days (range 1-16 d). In 127 patients, 203 complications were recorded. Complications, in order of frequency, were nausea and vomiting (23% of patients), motor blockade (15.8% of patients), over-sedation (6.3% of patients), and pruritus (5.2% of patients). Four patients had complications which were potentially related to toxic effects of, or resistance to, bupivacaine, and serum levels of bupivacaine were measured at 3.86, 5.5, 2.1 and 2.34 micrograms.ml(-1). Early discontinuation of the epidural occurred in 41 cases, technical problems with the epidural catheter being the commonest reason (21 cases). Although three potentially serious complications were identified (one catheter site infection, one seizure, one respiratory depression) none was associated with lasting consequences. The majority of complications associated with the use of epidurals were minor and easily remedied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Complications of continuous epidural infusions for postoperative analgesia in children. 808

Therapy with benzoic acid in a case of classic neonatal non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) was successful in stopping seizures but not in promoting mental development. Serum glycine levels were normalizable even by administering low doses of 53 mg sodium benzoate/kg body mass (BM) per day. Despite giving a higher dosage (240 mg/kg BM per day) normalization of glycine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was not achieved. However, seizures ceased. Restriction of protein intake (< or = 2 g/kg BM per day) seemed to be profitable. CSF glycine concentrations below 100 mumol/L may be sufficient to prevent seizures in older infants who have adapted to neuronal glycine exposure. No toxicity of sodium benzoate treatment was detected when administering doses of up to 470 mg/kg BM per day but side effects such as itching and hyperactivity were obvious.
 ...
PMID:Response to sodium benzoate treatment in non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. 816 14


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>