Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 51-year-old white woman presented with thickening of the scalp located at the vertex and left lateral occiput without hair abnormalities or alopecia. Skin biopsies of the thickened scalp showed thickening of the subcutaneous tissue with proliferation of mature subcutaneous fat cells but no signs of inflammation or hair abnormalities. During 2.5 years of follow-up, scalp thickening progressed over the entire hair-bearing scalp and persisted without signs of further progression at 3.5 year follow-up. Lipedematous scalp is an extremely rare diagnosis. It is defined by a thickening of the subcutaneous layer of the scalp and can be distinguished from lipedematous alopecia, in which subcutaneous thickening is associated with diffuse alopecia and shortening of scalp hairs. A total of seven cases of lipedematous alopecia and two cases of lipedematous scalp have been reported. We report the third case of lipedematous scalp in a 51-year-old white woman associated with early symptoms of meningitis. Additional features described in the literature include pruritus, pain, and paresthesia of the scalp as well as associated medical problems such as hyperelasticity of skin and laxity of joints, renal failure, and diabetes mellitus. This sporadic disorder is predominantly located at the vertex and occiput. The etiology and pathogenesis of lipedematous scalp and alopecia remain unclear. The treatment is symptomatic.
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PMID:Hyperplasia of the subcutaneous adipose tissue is the primary histopathologic abnormality in lipedematous scalp. 1277 88

Drug tolerability affects compliance. We evaluated the tolerability levels of azithromycin (750-mg loading dose plus 250 mg/day; n = 148 subjects), doxycycline (100 mg/day; n = 75), and placebo (n = 77) as prophylaxis against malaria in Indonesian adults over 20 weeks. Self-reported and elicited symptoms, health perception, hearing, hematology, and biochemistry were assessed. The loading dose was well tolerated. The frequencies (number per person-years [p-yr]) of all daily reported symptoms were similar in the three arms of the study: 40.2/p-yr for azithromycin, 39.7/p-yr for doxycycline, and 38.2/p-yr for placebo. Relative to those who received placebo, azithromycin recipients complained more often of heartburn (rate ratio = 10.5 [95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 88.1]), paresthesia (2.03 [1.08 to 4.24]), and mild (1.55 [1.01 to 2.48]) and severe (11.2 [1.34 to infinity ]) itching but less often of fever (0.21 [0.09 to 0.49]) and tinnitus (0.09 [0.04 to 0.21]). Azithromycin recipients showed no evidence of clinical hearing loss or hematologic, hepatic, or renal toxicity. One azithromycin recipient developed an erythematous rash. Daily azithromycin was well tolerated by these Indonesian adults during 20 weeks of treatment.
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PMID:Tolerability of azithromycin as malaria prophylaxis in adults in northeast papua, indonesia. 1282 68

Epidural analgesia is often considered optimal postoperative analgesia for certain surgical procedures. Ropivacaine is a new local anesthetic that is less toxic than its homologue, bupivacaine. Epidural infusions usually comprise a local anesthetic, an opioid, or a combination of the two to improve analgesic efficacy and reduce unwanted side effects. All 210 patients undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery received epidural analgesia infusions at 7 mL/hour, 105 with 0.1% ropivacaine and 105 with 0.1% ropivacaine plus 1 microg/mL fentanyl. Pain score and side effects (hypotension, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, paresthesia, urinary retention and motor block) were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. There was no statistical difference in patient profile between the groups. Pain relief scores were similar in the two groups in the first hour after the drugs were given. However, pain relief was significantly better in the ropivacaine/fentanyl group after the first hour and this difference lasted for the remaining time. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups during 24 hours of assessment. In conclusion, the quality of analgesia was significantly improved by the addition of fentanyl 1 microg/mL to ropivacaine.
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PMID:Ropivacane 0.1 % with or without fentanyl for epidural postoperative analgesia: a randomized, double-blind comparison. 1460 21

(1) Many treatments are available for actinic keratosis. The most widely used is cryotherapy. Topical application of 5% fluorouracil cream is a second-line option. (2) Marketing authorisation has been granted for a topical gel containing 3% diclofenac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. The excipients include 2.5% hyaluronic acid. (3) Animal pharmacology studies and in vitro tests show that hyaluronic acid delays the transcutaneous uptake of diclofenac, leading to higher concentrations in the epidermis. (4) No comparative trials with fluorouracil or other drugs have been published. Five trials comparing 3% diclofenac topical gel with its excipient are available. They show that it takes at least two or three months of treatment for the lesions to disappear in one-third to one-half of patients. Indirect comparison suggests that diclofenac is less effective than fluorouracil in terms of lesion disappearance one month after the end of treatment. The subsequent risk of relapse is unknown. (5) Local adverse effects are numerous and frequent, and include contact dermatitis, skin rash, dry skin, desquamation, pruritus, local pain, and paresthesia. Adverse effects can be due to either diclofenac or to the excipient, and seem to be less intense than with topical fluorouracil. (6) Trials have shown that topical diclofenac is effective at a dose of 0.5 g of gel applied twice a day, but this precise dose is unlikely to be used as no measuring device is included in the packaging. (7) In practice, diclofenac topical gel is less effective than fluorouracil, and is only a moderately effective option when fluorouracil is poorly tolerated and when physical treatments such as cryotherapy fail.
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PMID:Topical diclofenac: new preparation. Moderate efficacy in actinic keratosis. 1553 38

Scorpionism is an endemic public health problem in Mexico [Hoffmann, C.C., 1936. La distribucion geografica de los alacranes peligrosos en la Republica Mexicana. Bol. Inst. Hygiene Mex. 2, 321; Hoffmann, C.C., Nieto, D.R., 1939. Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de los alacranes mexicanos. Anal. Inst. Biol. 10, 83-92; Mazzoti, L., Bravo-Becherelle, M.A., 1963. Scorpionism in the Mexican Republic. In: Keegan, H.L., McFarlane, W.V. (Eds.), Venomous and Poissonous Animals and Noxious Plants of the Pacific Area. Pergamon Press, London, pp. 119-131; Monroy-Velasco, J., 1961. Alacranes venenosos de Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cien. Med. Biol., Mex. 1, 1-23; Diaz-Najera, A., 1975. Listas y datos de distribucion geografica de los alacranes de Mexico. Rev. Inv. Salud. Publica. (Mex.) 35, 1; Velasco-Castrejon, O., Lara-Aguilera, R., Alatorre, H., 1976. Aspectos epidemiologicos y clinicos de la picadura de alacran en una area hiperendemica. Rev. Inv. Salud Publica. (Mex.) 36, 93-103; Dehesa-Davila, M., Possani, L.D., 1994. Scorpionism and serotherapy in Mexico. Toxicon 32 (9), 1015-1018]. In this prospective study, we assess cardiovascular disorders in children via electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings following envenomation by scorpion species Centruroides limpidus tecomanus found in the state of Colima, Mexico. We analyzed 113 cases between the ages of 5 and 14 years. Among the most frequent symptoms presented included local pain (99.1%) and paresthesia (75.2%), pruritus (36.3%), sialorrhoea (35.4%), and nystagmus (24.8%). Cardiovascular disorders were observed in 39.8% of cases, 71% of which were rhythm abnormalities. We find a significant association between the frequency of ECG alterations and age, whereby 8-9-year-old children are more likely to experience ECG alterations when compared with other tested age groups.
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PMID:Pediatric electrocardiograph abnormalities following Centruroides limpidus tecomanus scorpion envenomation. 1558 80

Patients suffering from any class of the Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathophysiological (CEAP) classification of chronic venous disease (CVD) may be symptomatic (C0s-C6s). Leg heaviness, discomfort, itching, cramps, pain, paresthesia, and edema (C3) are the most frequent manifestations of CVD and a major reason for medical consultation. Daflon 500 mg (micronized purified flavonoid fraction [MPFF]) is an effective treatment for symptoms and edema in CVD as demonstrated in several randomized controlled studies. A 2-month, double-blind study in 40 patients established the superiority of Daflon 500 mg over placebo with regard to symptoms and objective signs. This was confirmed in another double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2 months' treatment, 160 patients), and in the Reflux assEssment and quaLity of lIfe improvEment with micronized Flavonoids (RELIEF) study. The latter included 5,052 patients in 23 countries, using a visual analog scale for evaluating pain, leg heaviness, cramps, and a sensation of swelling. All symptoms showed significant and progressive improvement. The quality-of-life results (scores on the ChronIc Venous Insufficiency quality of life Questionnaire [CIVIQ]) paralleled those of symptoms. The decrease in the ankle and calf circumferences was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the group of patients treated with Daflon 500 mg in two studies, and correlated well with the improvement in the sensation of swelling (p < 0.001). This was confirmed with more sophisticated measurement techniques as in the RELIEF study or in a trial assessing edema with an optoelectronic volumeter in 20 patients. A further double-blind, randomized, controlled study established a statistically significant difference in favor of Daflon 500 mg in comparison with diosmin, both on symptoms and edema. The therapeutic efficacy of Daflon 500 mg on CVD symptoms and edema has been demonstrated in double-blind, randomized, controlled studies. Further studies using a new approach may define the most precise and validated methodology for application in future research in phlebology.
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PMID:Daflon 500 mg: symptoms and edema clinical update. 1619 23

It is useful for dermatologists to know about the innervation of the skin because dysfunction of cutaneous neurons can cause symptoms--such as itching, pain, and paresthesias--that are evaluated by dermatologists. We review the innervation of the skin and update readers about recent neuroscientific discoveries.
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PMID:Cutaneous innervation: form and function. 1631 64

We analyzed 13,223 clinical records of patients treated for scorpion sting in hospitals of the Mexican Institute of Public Health and the Ministry of Health in the state of Colima, Mexico, during the years 2000-2001. A database containing demographic, epidemiological and clinical information was constructed and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified in the categories as mild (49.2%), moderate (33.8%) and severe (17.0%) according to commonly accepted standards. Most common symptoms recorded were local pain (94.7%), local paresthesia (67.2%), pruritus/itching (54.3%), sensation of a lump or hair in the throat (47.3%), and sialorrhoea (27.7%). The median time from sting to admission to the emergency room (patient delay) was 33min (interquartile range: 12-60). We found that older and clinically severe patients were significantly associated with longer times of admission to the emergency room. Age was significantly associated with clinical severity: the age group 0-10 years included a higher proportion of severe cases than the group 11 years and older. In four cases, patients died. An educational campaign to inform the population about the importance of receiving prompt attention following a scorpion sting has potential value in reducing complications in the emergency room.
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PMID:Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpionism in Colima, Mexico (2000-2001). 1657 79

Solaraze gel (Shire Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne, Germany) containing 3% diclofenac has been licensed in 2001 as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. It is commonly used in dermatological practice. Undesirable effects are believed to be rare but include pruritus, paresthesia and application-site reactions (dry skin, rash, erythema, contact dermatitis and vesicobullous eruptions). Recently, a few cases of contact dermatitis due to three different allergens including diclofenac have been reported (1,2).
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PMID:Photoallergic contact dermatitis from topical diclofenac in Solaraze gel. 1678 62

Somatoform disorders in dermatology are a heterogeneous group from a biopsychosocial point of view. Among the clinical patterns we find, for example, pruritus, pain, paresthesia as well as feelings of disfiguration, eco-syndromes, erythrophobia or psychogenic pseudoeffluvium. The multiple clinical symptoms are usually accompanied by psychosocial disorders, these are subjective complaints by the patient which cannot be medically objectified. The relevant somatoform disorders in dermatology can be differentiated as somatisation disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, somatoform autonomous disorders, persistent somatoform pain disorders and "other somatoform disorders". A precise differential-diagnostic division is necessary in order to initiate adequate therapy strategies. With this overview article, we would like to make an updated classification recommendation for dermatology and present experiences in therapy.
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PMID:Clinical pictures and classification of somatoform disorders in dermatology. 1722 99


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