Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of acute hepato-renal failure which developed after the oral intake of rifampicin is reported. Allergic reaction on the drug was accompanied by chill, weakness, paraesthesia, skin itch and facial swelling. The case described in the article appears to be all the more interesting due to the fact that severe lethal complication has developed in patient who had a history of allergic reactions on rifampicin.
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PMID:[Acute hepatorenal failure occurring after taking rifampicin]. 820 24

We describe the clinicopathologic features of 10 patients with recurrent unexplained flushing. These patients were referred to the National Institutes of Health with a diagnosis of mastocytosis or idiopathic anaphylaxis. Both diagnoses were eliminated after evaluation. Patients reported attacks of flushing lasting 15 minutes to 2 days and associated with such symptoms as anxiety, chest tightness, paresthesia, slurred speech, weakness, and pruritus. Abdominal pain was a constant feature, often associated with cramping and an increase in stool frequency. Attacks witnessed by physicians consisted of an exaggerated blush response of the face and upper part of the chest, and were sometimes associated with tachycardia, mild hypertension, and tachypnea. Hives, angioedema, wheezing, and hypotension were not observed. Routine laboratory studies and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, and plasma histamine levels were normal. Plasma histamine levels did not elevate during attacks. When performed, results of bone marrow examinations, skin biopsies, and bone scans were normal. Psychiatric examinations frequently revealed somatization disorders. Patients had often been prescribed a wide variety of medications including antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids, with little or no benefit. Despite the benign nature of the clinical and laboratory findings, patients had undergone repeated, often invasive, examinations for several years. Whether such patients have a prominent flush response exaggerated through a somatization disorder or a relatively benign flushing disorder associated with putative mediator release remains to be determined. Recognition of this category of patients with unexplained flushing will avoid subjecting such patients to unwarranted repeated examinations, procedures, and inappropriate therapy.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of ten patients with recurrent unexplained flushing. 830 82

A new technique for eliminating or reducing glabellar frown lines and forehead creases with a small (3- to 5-cm) incision, KTP (potassium [K]-titanyl-phosphate) laser (Laserscope), and endoscope (Karl Storz) has been performed on 62 patients over the last 18 months. This endolaser technique takes advantage of the unique properties of the frequency-doubled Nd:Yag (neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet) (KTP) laser coupled with an optimized quartz contact probe. It enables the surgeon to incise or excise the procerus, corrugator, and frontalis muscles, with little or no bleeding, at a distance from a small incision immediately behind the hairline. This small incision frontal lift has been as effective as the standard forehead lift in rejuvenation of the upper face, avoiding the paresthesias, scalp itch, headaches, periorbital ecchymosis, and hair loss that are common sequelae of the forehead lift. Recovery time has been markedly reduced.
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PMID:Small incision laser lift for forehead creases and glabellar furrows. 849 93

Treatment of eyebrow ptosis to enhance the cosmetic effect from blepharoplasty is commonly done with a forehead lift using a coronal incision approach. The coronal scalp incision is associated with the annoying sequelae of frontoparietal scalp numbness, itching, and paresthesias, all of which can be permanent. A forehead lift technique with temporal scalp incisions only 4.5 to 5.0 cm in length can produce a result comparable with that of the coronal incision approach when combined with transpalpebral resection of the corrugator supercilii muscles and transection of the procerus muscle. This eyebrow elevation technique, like the endoscopic approach, minimizes the risk of permanently injuring the supraorbital nerve branches that innervate the frontoparietal scalp. Unlike the approach using only endoscopy, however, this technique can effectively treat cases of advanced eyebrow ptosis. The appropriate area of eyelid skin for excision may be difficult to assess when a forehead lift and upper blepharoplasty are done concomitantly. The described forehead lift incorporates a method to determine this area. This forehead lift technique, combined with a technique for protecting against overresecting upper eyelid skin, is described as used effectively on 140 blepharoplasty cases followed for 3 months to 4 years.
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PMID:Limited-incision forehead lift for eyebrow elevation to enhance upper blepharoplasty. 864 15

Fosphenytoin sodium, a phosphate ester prodrug of phenytoin, was developed as a replacement for parenteral phenytoin sodium. Unlike phenytoin, fosphenytoin is freely soluble in aqueous solutions, including standard i.v. solutions, and is rapidly absorbed by the i.m. route. Fosphenytoin is metabolized (conversion half-life of 8 to 15 min) to phenytoin by endogenous phosphatases. Therapeutic free (unbound) and total plasma phenytoin concentrations are consistently attained after i.m. or i.v. administration of fosphenytoin loading doses. Fosphenytoin has fewer local adverse effects (e.g., pain, burning, and itching at the injection site) after i.m. or i.v. administration than parenteral phenytoin. Systemic effects related to the CNS are similar for both preparations, but transient paresthesias are more common with fosphenytoin.
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PMID:Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin. 864 12

The sensitizing potency of formaldehyde and phenol exposure during 4 weeks of an anatomy dissection course was assessed in 45 medical students. Specific IgE against formaldehyde by RAST and by ELISA and specific IgE against phenol by ELISA were assessed before and after the course. At the start of the course, symptoms, type I allergy, respiratory diseases, and smoking habits were noted. At the end of the course, only symptoms experienced during the dissection lessons were assessed. Indoor formaldehyde levels were measured continuously. The mean indoor formaldehyde level was 0.124 +/- 0.05 ppm, with a minimum of 0.059 ppm and a maximum of 0.219 ppm. Specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol was found in none of the subjects at the beginning of the course, and no student showed specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol after the course. Assessment of primarily irritant symptoms during the lesson revealed itch and paraesthesia of hands in 33/45 students (P < 0.00005), headache in 15/45 students, burning eyes in 13/45 students (P < 0.02), dizziness in 8/45 students (P < 0.008), sneezing in 4/45 students, epistaxis in 2/45 students, and shortness of breath in 1/45 students. According to our data, 1-month exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissection course does not induce specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol.
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PMID:Formaldehyde and phenol exposure during an anatomy dissection course: a possible source of IgE-mediated sensitization? 894 43

Fosphenytoin is a phosphate ester prodrug of phenytoin developed as a replacement for standard injectable sodium phenytoin. After absorption, phenytoin is cleaved (conversion half-life 8-15 min) from fosphenytoin. Unlike phenytoin, fosphenytoin is freely soluble in aqueous solutions (including standard intravenous solutions) and rapidly absorbed by the intramuscular route. Fosphenytoin has been tested successfully for three indications in humans: intramuscular maintenance dosing, intramuscular loading dose administration, and intravenous treatment of status epilepticus. Local toxicity (pain, burning, itching) is less by the intramuscular or intravenous route for fosphenytoin than for standard injectable sodium phenytoin. Systemic toxicity is similar with both preparations except that hypotension is less common and paresthesias are more common with fosphenytoin.
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PMID:Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx). 903 68

A 40-year-old man-as well as 15 more participants of the same meal-suddenly experienced vomiting and watery diarrhea four hours after having eaten a meal of grouper in the Dominican Republic. Symptoms persisted for four hours and were followed by a generalized pruritus and paresthesias of the lips, tongue, palms, and soles of the feet. Physical examination was normal with the exception of a pulse of 45 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg, and paradoxical temperature perception. Laboratory values were regular except for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 40 mm per hour. 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram showed a normal sinus rhythm with impaired heart rate variability (37-100 beats per minute). Due to the typical history and the clinical findings, ciguatera toxin ingestion was diagnosed. Pruritus decreased slightly with symptomatic therapy, but it took 16 weeks for all symptoms to resolve. Ciguatera fish poisoning is rare in temperate countries. Symptoms of this neurotoxic disease are gastrointestinal, neurologic, and cardiovascular manifestations with paresthesias, paradoxical sensor disturbances, and muscular weakness as well as bradycardia and hypotension. With travel to and from the tropics and increasing imports of tropical fish ciguatera will be of growing importance even in nontropical areas.
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PMID:Ciguatera fish poisoning following travel to the tropics. 918 46

Fosphenytoin is a phenytoin prodrug that has been introduced to overcome some of the problems and limitations associated with parenteral phenytoin sodium administration. Fosphenytoin is a phosphate ester prodrug that is converted to phenytoin in vivo by peripheral esterases. Fosphenytoin has several advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when selecting its use in place of parenteral phenytoin. Advantages with fosphenytoin include better tolerability, improved safety, better stability, ability for intramuscular administration, and faster infusion rates. Disadvantages with fosphenytoin include rate and dose related paresthesias and pruritus, delayed decreases in blood pressure, the potential for therapeutic drug monitoring errors, and higher drug acquisition costs. In general, given the pros and cons of the new drug, fosphenytoin offers an attractive alternative for parenteral phenytoin in select individuals.
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PMID:Fosphenytoin. 952 55

The 'gold standard' for the treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) is to date undefined. We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcome of a cohort of PV patients treated with pipobroman (PB) at a single institution during a period of 20 years (November 1971-October 1991). During this period, a total of 366 adult PV patients were diagnosed according to Polycythemia Vera Study Group (PVSG) criteria. Of these, only 199 (54%) were treated with PB: 92 were males and 107 females, median age was 63.0 years (range 25.2-87.3 years). Major clinical characteristics at onset were as follows: 34 (17%) patients had splenomegaly >3 cm below costal margin, 70 (35%) had platelets >600,000/mm3, 79 (40%) had white blood cells >12,000 mm3; 97 (49%) had hypertension, 83 (42%) had minor neurological symptoms (as vertigo, headache, paresthesias), 33 (17%) had pruritus and 27 (13%) had thrombotic features. All patients received PB at the dosage of 1 mg/kg/day until response was achieved (hematocrit value <50% in males and <45% in females). Thereafter treatment was given according to toxicity and maintenance of response. All patients were phlebotomized before starting treatment (mean number of phlebotomies performed: three, range 2-4) and 47 of them received PB when hematocrit value was already reduced at response levels: therefore, while all patients are evaluable for acute and long-term toxicity, only 152/199 (76.4%) patients are evaluable for response to PB. During a median time of 2 months, all these 152 patients achieved the response; as maintenance, 128/199 (64.3%) patients were managed with PB alone and 71/199 (35.7%) patients received phlebotomies occasionally. Sixty-one out of 199 (30.6%) patients developed disease-related complications (25 neurological symptoms, 21 thrombotic complications, 12 cardiovascular problems, three hepatic failures). Eleven (5.5%) patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after a median time of treatment of 89 months (range 33-188 months), 11 (5.5%) patients developed myelofibrosis (median time from treatment 71 months, range 31-182 months) and in six (3%) patients cancer occurred (median time from treatment 85 months, range 13-118 months). The cumulative risk of leukemia in PV was 2% (95% CI: 0-4%) and 6% (95% CI: 1-11%) at 5 and 10 years respectively; the cumulative risk of myelofibrosis was 2% (95% CI: 1-5%) and 9% (95% CI: 3-15%) at 5 and 10 years, respectively. As of May 1996, 33 (16.6%) patients are lost to follow-up, 40 (20.1%) are dead and 126 (63.3%) are alive with a median overall survival of 191 months. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis confirms the efficacy and safety of PB in PV patients and its low leukemogenic role; prospective studies are needed to evaluate the real impact of PB in the treatment of PV.
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PMID:Polycythemia vera treated with pipobroman as single agent: low incidence of secondary leukemia in a cohort of patients observed during 20 years (1971-1991). 963 13


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