Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autonomous hyperparathyroidism occurred in 15% of 152 patients maintained by long-term home dialysis during the past nine years. Twenty-two patients with elevated serum parathormone levels and progressive bone disease in the presence of normal serum phosphate and calcium levels were treated by subtotal parathyroidectomy. All had parathyroid hyperplasia. Eighteen of the 22 patients are presently alive and undergo dialysis. Symptoms of bone pain, pruritus, and muscle cramps had improved in three fourths of the patients. The serum parathormone level decreased from a preoperative average of 576 muLEq/mL to an average of 188 muLEq/mL postoperatively. All 18 patients, observed for six to 77 months, showed improvement in x-ray films of their bone disease. The autonomous hyperparathyroidism of end-stage renal disease is corrected by subtotal parathyroidectomy, and the effect is sustained.
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PMID:Results of parathyroidectomy for autonomous hyperparathyroidism. 47 37

Approximately 175 patients at a dialysis unit were screened for entrance into the study; 43 patients were accepted according to the research criteria. These 43 subjects were given the trait anxiety test from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger, Gorsuch, and Lushene (1968). Subsequently, the subjects with the ten lowest and ten highest scores were followed over two months or a total of 454 dialyses, and observed for hospitalizations, clinic appointments for treatment, and deaths. During dialysis they were observed for: hypotension; nausea and vomiting; fluid overload; infection of vascular access; clotting of vascular access; epistaxis; pain; pruritus; muscle cramps; and headache. The low anxiety group was found to have a significantly greater incidence of hypotension while the high anxiety group had a greater incidence of clinic appointments for treatment, fluid overload, and cramps. The latter group also had a significantly greater incidence of total complications with the exception of hypotension. Implications were made that appropriate nursing intervention might help prevent physical discomforts in patients on hemodialysis.
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PMID:Anxiety and complications in patients on hemodialysis. 691 79

More than 1200 patients who received pindolol for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and various arrhythmias in studies conducted in the United States were included in the New Drug Application submitted to the FDA. Nearly 1000 of these patients received pindolol as monotherapy. The side effects reported were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The most frequently reported side effects seen after pindolol administration, compared to those seen after placebo, were in decreasing order of incidence: headache, dizziness, insomnia, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, nervousness, joint pain, edema, nausea, and muscle cramps. Other side effects that occurred more frequently with pindolol than with placebo but at a rather low incidence induced weight gain, bizarre dreams, visual disturbances, lethargy, and diarrhea. Nasal congestion, throat discomfort, nocturia, impotence, pruritus, anxiety, hypotension, bradycardia, and heart failure occurred only rarely. Of the 323 patients who received pindolol alone for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, only 20 (6.2%) were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. Overall, 3.4% of the patients treated with pindolol were withdrawn because of side effects, most of which involved the central nervous system, that is, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, and headache. However, a few patients manifested some edema and weight gain while receiving pindolol alone. Review of the side effects data did not reveal a tendency for the incidence of side effects to be dose related. One placebo-controlled, double-blind study designed to evaluate the fixed dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension suggested that only the incidences of insomnia and nervousness increased with increasing doses. However, these side effects were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The evidence indicates that pindolol has an acceptable safety profile and that any side effects that appear are generally well tolerated and disappear with continued treatment.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to pindolol administration. 704 82

Plasma exchanges with a hollow-fiber type plasma filter were attempted in a variety of diseases. The unit was easily assembled and the procedures were safely carried out by our dialysis personnel after some instruction. Approximately 2 liters of fresh frozen plasma were used during each plasma exchange and about the same amount of plasma was removed from the patient in 1.5 to 2 hours. This resulted in 66% replacement of patient's albumin on one occasion. Fifty-four plasma exchanges were done in seven patients. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients with only occasional muscle cramps or itching, which were treated with calcium gluconate infusion or antihistamines, respectively. A successfully treated case of TTP in which we used repeated membrane plasma exchanges combined with conventional treatment is also reported.
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PMID:Accessible plasma exchange using membrane filter - a successfully treated case of TTP with repeated plasma exchanges. 719 11

The experience with the first 100 hemodialysis sessions at the Owena Dialysis Centre of the University College Hospital, Ibadan (UCH) is hereby presented. A total of 9 patients were dialysed during a 7-month period. The femoral vein was the most often utilised vascular access route (53 episodes in 5 patients) while a forearm fistula was functional in only one patient. The dialyzer and blood lines were reused for each patient for a maximum of 5 times. Technical problems encountered were: power failure (12 episodes), ruptured dialyzer (3), water-pipe leakage (4) machine breakdown (2) and heparin pump failure (2). Clinical problems were: failure of fistula access (2), thrombosed femoral veins (2), clotted cannula (3), low arterial pressure (20); nausea and vomiting (2), pruritus (46), muscle cramps (5), Sepsis (8) and hypotension (2). Six patients discontinued treatment after less than 10 dialyses due to financial constraints. The high cost of hemodialysis remains the major setback to its use in the treatment of end-stage renal disease in developing countries; there is the need for acceptable improvisation to reduce the overhead cost so as to make it available to most patients requiring dialysis.
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PMID:Hemodialysis in Ibadan: a preliminary report on the first 100 dialysis. 879 61

In France, three over-the-counter products containing quinine exist to treat cramps. This study aims to analyse data on spontaneous reports to the French System of Pharmacovigilance of adverse reactions to quinine drug products. From 1985 to 1996, we reviewed 58 adverse reaction reports. Most involved hypersensitivity reactions: rash, pruritus, generalized anaphylaxis, thrombopenia and hepatitis. Cinchonism is rarely observed at the usually low dose of quinine in this indication. No fatal outcome has been notified as described in the USA and Australia. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided that prescription of quinine drug products should not be used any longer in the treatment of muscle cramps. Immuno-allergic reactions are potentially serious and must be avoided by giving clear information to patients and prescribers, and looking into the history of such reactions in patients in respect of the quinine drug and also tonic water.
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PMID:[Adverse effects of quinine in the treatment of leg cramps]. 1021 24

A case of intoxication in Southern Bulgaria after a bite from the venomous spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus is reported. The development of both local (acute pain, itching erythema, paraesthesiae in the area of the bite) and general (weakness, headache, dizziness, fever, vomiting, myalgia, muscle cramps) symptoms, which passed relatively easily, is described. The clinical picture and treatment are briefly commented on.
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PMID:A case of intoxication after a bite by Latrodectus tredecimguttatus. 1134 25

The clinical relevance of small cutaneous veins (SCV) is still being discussed. In the Duesseldorf/Essen civil servants study, the prevalence of SCV and the individual symptoms and age-dependent changes were analysed. This cross-sectional study recruited 9935 employees; 9100 could be finally evaluated for this analysis. All volunteers were asked to fill out the questionnaire and were clinically examined. Primarily the clinical findings were documented, adapted to the Basel Study and later modified according to the CEAP classification: (a) class 0 - no visible or palpable clinical signs of venous disease, (b) class 1 - small cutaneous veins, (c) class 1 - reticular veins, (d) class 2 - varicose veins. In all, 64% of the volunteers had no signs of venous disease (class 0: age 41+/-10 years); 10% had small cutaneous veins (class 1: age 44+/-10 years). SCV was more frequent in females (25%) than in males (6%). Only 5% of those with SCV had already consulted a physician. A striking result was that individuals with SCV generally complained about more leg symptoms, of which 'leg swelling' and 'muscle cramps during the night' were the most frequent. 'Continual leg swelling' was reported by 24% of individuals with SCV as opposed to 10% of those without. 'Leg cramps' and 'restless legs' also were more often documented in individuals with SCV (29% vs 22% and 10% vs 7%). These findings were all statistically significant (p<0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, though, there were few or no differences between groups (leg swelling: odds ratio (OR) 1.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1-1.6 and cramps: OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.9-1.3). A gender separate estimation of the rates showed that females suffer more often from any symptom. Regarding 'leg cramps', 'restless legs' and 'itching', the OR were not different for females and males. For 'leg swelling' the age-adjusted OR were significant for women (OR 1.4; 95% Cl 1.1-1.7) compared with men (OR 1.1; 95% Cl 0.7-2). Individuals with SCV seem to have more symptoms compared with healthy people. However, this analysis shows that age and sex are the most relevant explanations for these symptoms.
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PMID:Symptoms in individuals with small cutaneous veins. 1208 28

Biopsychosocial problems experienced by renal disease patients were studied within a contextual framework the patients themselves defined, the findings being related to sociodemographic and medical data. Participants were 72 predialysis patients and 73 patients being treated by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (106 men and 39 women, aged 18-84 years). Both stress-related global and situational measures of biopsychosocial problems were assessed by questionnaire. Factor analyses revealed five factors--Bodily problems; Work and leisure time; Sleep, cramps and itching complaints; Financial problems; and Dependence-- explaining 71.1 per cent of the total variance. Fatigue loaded both on Bodily problems and Work and leisure time. Sleep disturbances, itching of the skin and muscle cramps were more stressful for the dialysis than the predialysis patients. Also, fatigue, inability to work and limitation on vacation activities appeared more stressful for the dialysis group. The study supports the usefulness of a contextual approach for gaining a better general understanding of renal disease patients' problems.
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PMID:Elucidating issues stressful for patients in predialysis and dialysis: from symptom to context. 1715 45

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome measure in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). In this article, an overview is given of the most common measurement instruments of HRQoL, determinants of HRQoL in patients with CLD, and current developments in the implementation of routine measurement of HRQoL in daily clinical practice. Well-developed generic instruments of HRQoL are the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Well-developed liver disease-specific HRQoL instruments are the Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (HQLQ), the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), the Liver Disease Quality Of Life Questionnaire (LDQOL ), and the Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0 (LDSI 2.0). Commonly used HRQoL measures in cost-effectiveness studies are the Health Utilities Index (HUI), Short Form-6D (SF-6D) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). HRQoL of patients with chronic liver disease has been shown to be impaired, with patients with hepatitis C showing the worst HRQoL. Disease severity, pruritus, joint pain, abdominal pain, muscle cramps, fatigue, depression and anxiety have been associated with HRQoL in patients with CLD. Recently, studies assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of measuring HRQoL in daily clinical practice have been performed, generally showing positive results regarding the discussion of HRQoL-related topics, but mixed results regarding the added value of actual improvement in HRQoL. Furthermore, logistic and attitudinal barriers seem to impede successful implementation. Nevertheless, given the importance of HRQoL in liver patients, we should persist in measuring and subsequently improving HRQoL in clinical practice.
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PMID:Overview of research on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease. 1765 9


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