Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases of vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis (plasma cell vulvitis) are presented. One case was associated with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and another with a history of desquamative vaginitis. Two patients were postmenopausal, and two were premenopausal. The presenting symptoms were pruritus, tenderness, superficial dyspareunia and vulvar dysuria. The lesions were situated in the introitus in three patients and on the lateral aspect of the labium minus in the fourth and appeared as well-circumscribed, glistening, erythematous patches with a faint orange hue. Histologically, epidermal edema and inflammation, a dense upper dermal band of chronic inflammatory cells, including many plasma cells, dilated capillaries, extravasated red blood cells and hemosiderin deposition, were seen. There was a variable response to local steroid therapy, but one of the postmenopausal patients responded to local estrogen alone. The term vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis is useful to describe an idiopathic form of erosive vulvitis with a characteristic clinical and histologic appearance.
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PMID:Vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis. A clinicopathologic entity? 844 Nov 25

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an uniform, malodorous, white-grey discharge. The presenting symptom is generally the unpleasant smell of the vaginal discharge, particularly following the menses or intercourse. Other functional signs, such as pruritus, dysuria and dyspareunia are rare. Inflammatory signs are frequent, and can be revealed by colposcopy with the Lugol test: this shows punctuate colpitis with small regular points corresponding histologically to an inflammatory focus in the connective tissue. The term "vaginitis" is avoided because of the absence of polymorphonuclear cells in the vaginal discharge, despite the presence of inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis has been held responsible for prematurity, small birthweight and post-partum infection. Nonetheless, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus spp can be recovered from the vaginal flora of women with no signs of inflammation.
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PMID:[Clinical and colposcopic aspects of bacterial vaginosis]. 848 87

Vulvovaginal pain, itching, and burning are a triad of symptoms for which women frequently seek health care. Often accompanied by vaginal discharge and dysuria, these symptoms account for as many as 5 million office visits a year. Proper assessment and management of these symptoms by nurses, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives can help to substantially improve a woman's quality of life and help prevent long-term problems. Several differing syndromes or infections can be the cause of these symptoms. The most common causes are discussed, and a plan for management and prevention is presented.
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PMID:Common genitourinary infections. 855 72

Vulvovaginitis in the prepubertal child may present with itch, irritation, pain, dysuria or discharge as a result of poor hygiene, contact irritants, sexual abuse or skin disease involving the genital area. Common infectious causes include threadworms, group A beta-haemolytic streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae. A full history and examination are essential. Investigations may include swabs, midstream urine, biopsy, ultrasound and examination under anaesthesia.
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PMID:Paediatric vulvovaginitis. 859 14

Eleven reports on clinical trials with the estradiol vaginal ring have been completed to date. In five of these, the ring was compared with other vaginally-applied estrogen preparations while in the other six trials there were no parallel controls. Three trials with no parallel controls were carried out on patients who had participated in previously controlled studies. In the controlled studies, reference therapy included an estriol pessary in two, conjugated estrogen cream in two and an estriol vaginal cream in one. After 3 and 12 weeks of treatment in the non-controlled studies, vaginal maturation by cytologic as well as physician assessment was documented. These urogenital maturation changes were associated with improvement or elimination of patient symptoms in 67%-100% of the subjects. Average plasma levels of estradiol, with first and second ring, indicated a transient Cmax of 232 and 162 pmol/l, respectively, but with steady-state concentrations at 28 and 21 pmol/l, respectively. In the five controlled studies, patients were randomized to the agents mentioned above or to the ring, and the dependent variables were vaginal and urinary symptoms reported by subjects and physician and cytopathologic evaluation of the urogenital tissue. These variables were vaginal dryness, pruritus, dyspareunia, dysuria, urinary urgency and stress incontinence. Physician assessment of overall improvement in vaginal and urinary status and cytologic maturation value and vaginal pH were also recorded. Statistical analysis of each trial revealed no significant difference between treatments, and good patient acceptance of the ring. The longer term studies (over 1 year) indicated good to excellent patient acceptance of this low dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring in the treatment of symptoms associated with urogenital ageing. In summary, clinical experience from 946 postmenopausal women treated with the ring for up to 96 weeks indicates a good response with respect to patient complaints and physical and cytologic examination, without serious adverse reactions.
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PMID:The estradiol vaginal ring--a study of existing clinical data. 877 73

Urogenital complaints such as vaginal discomfort, dysuria, dyspareunia, recurrent lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) and urinary incontinence have been reported to affect more than 50% of postmenopausal women. These symptoms cause considerable suffering and an obvious reduction in quality of life for the afflicted individual, as well as being costly in economic terms for the health service. Urinary incontinence alone has been estimated to account for approximately 2% of health care costs in both the US and Sweden. Treatment with low potency estrogens given locally or orally has been shown to alleviate urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia and dysuria, but there is no conclusive evidence that estrogens alone improve or cure stress incontinence. Estrogen therapy has also been shown to cure or alleviate local urogenital atrophy symptoms, and to induce positive changes in the vaginal bacterial flora of postmenopausal women, which in turn reduces the risk of developing a UTI. There is little or no documentation to support the use of antibiotics in the treatment of local urogenital complaints such as pruritus, vaginal discomfort and discharge, or urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. Antibiotics are, however, indicated for the treatment of UTIs, and in some cases for prophylactic treatment in women with recurrent UTIs. The number of women with urogenital complaints is expected to increase in the future, as the proportion of elderly women will be greater due to a higher life expectancy. Thus, in the future there will be an even greater need for simple, effective forms of treatment for large numbers of elderly women. Low potency estrogens given topically or orally have been shown to be an effective form of treatment for urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Rational prescribing for postmenopausal urogenital complaints. 882 Jul 93

Menopause is associated with a marked reduction in endogenous estrogen production. Lower levels of circulating blood estrogen have various deleterious effects, including those on the lower urinary tract. The vaginal epithelium becomes atrophied and dry, which can cause vaginal discomfort, itching, and dyspareunia. The epithelium may become inflamed and contribute to urinary symptoms, including frequency, urgency, dysuria, and incontinence. Diminished estrogen effects on periurethral tissues can contribute to pelvic laxity and stress incontinence. Changes in vaginal pH and normal flora may predispose older women to urinary tract infection. Although estrogen replacement therapy can result in maturation of the vaginal epithelium, the optimal form of administration and the dosage regimen for improving symptoms and quality of life of the geriatric female population have not been well studied.
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PMID:Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. 933 60

This is a study of 189 women attending a family planning clinic in rural South Africa to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections. Genital samples were taken from these women to diagnose infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and HIV, and to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Among the 189 women, 41 (22%) reported having had an STD treated in the preceding 12 months. By direct questioning, 74 women stated the following symptoms: genital itch -- 38 (20%); vaginal discharge -- 56 (30%); dysuria -- 33 (18%); dyspareunia -- 22 (12%); and genital ulcers -- 4 (2%). 45 (24%) women had more than one symptom. 119 (63%) women had at least one genital infection, and 49 (26%) had multiple infections. Most of the infections were asymptomatic; while those that were symptomatic, were unrecognized or not reported. Results showed a high prevalence of genital tract infection among the participating women, with most of their infections remaining asymptomatic or unrecognized. Thus, strategies to detect and treat genital tract infections in rural South Africa need to be developed.
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PMID:Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognised genital tract infections? 958 84

A 5-year-old boy developed hemorrhagic mucocutaneous blisters on various parts of the body leading to fetor, dysphagia, dysuria, anal pruritus, pain on defecation, and weight loss. The histopathology showed the classic features of pemphigus vulgaris, and direct immunofluorescence showed intercellular deposition of IgG and C3 in the epidermis. Circulating pemphigus antibodies were also detected. He was treated with a combination of systemic prednisone and dapsone which induced a rapid remission and controlled the disease well. He has been in remission for 1 year and 7 months with no immunosuppressive therapy except for the use of topical agents for the oral lesions. An adjuvant to corticosteroids has been used only once before in children with pemphigus vulgaris under the age of 12 years. This is the third and the youngest child in the literature treated in this fashion.
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PMID:Childhood pemphigus vulgaris treated with dapsone: a case report. 979 90

41 sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients aged 16-65 years of mean age 29.8 years in urban Ado-Ekiti were interviewed about their knowledge of STDs, their health-care seeking behavior, and the type and quality of health care services received from their health care providers. 54% were aged 20-30 years, 73% were male, 44% were currently married, and all had some formal education. 20 were recruited from private hospitals and clinics, 13% from pharmaceutical shops, 2 from chemist or patent medicine stores, 1 from a traditional treatment home, and 5 from mission hospitals. No success was had in recruiting patients from the only government health facility in the area. Gonorrhea was reported by 59% of respondents and syphilis by 19%, the major STDs reported overall and subsequently treated. Candida, dysuria, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, trichomoniasis, and STD-related problems were also reported. Respondents reported experiencing pain, burning sensation, discharges, itching, and open sores. Most sought treatment within 7 days of noticing the symptoms, typically from other health institutions before coming to the institutions in which they were interviewed. Respondents sought treatment at a second institution because of their dissatisfaction with perceived poor quality service at the first facility. While attended by modern doctors while looking for a cure, the patients in most cases received only physical examinations since laboratory facilities were non-existent or inadequate. Treatment was mainly chemotherapy, involving antibiotics and analgesics. The health providers also counseled the patients and most reported being satisfied with the quality of treatment.
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PMID:Health-seeking behaviour of STD patients in an urban area of southwest Nigeria: an exploratory study. 1016 52


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