Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the relation between the amount of textile and other soft fiber wall materials used in the office and the symptoms related to sick building syndrome in two identical, mechanically ventilated, eight-story office buildings. The study population consisted of 400 workers (85% of the source population): 264 males (66%) and 136 females (34%). A self-administered questionnaire inquired about the occurrence of symptoms and related personal and environmental determinants. The office environment was assessed concurrently. Exposure was defined as the surface area of textile or other soft wall material (SWM) in the office. The outcomes were formed using the 7-d prevalences of individual symptoms, including mucosal irritation score (eye irritation, nasal dryness, nasal congestion, pharyngeal irritation); allergic reaction score (eye irritation, nasal congestion, nasal excretion, sneezing); asthma reaction score (wheezing, breathlessness, cough); skin reaction score (dryness, itch, or irritation, rash); and general symptom score (headache, lethargy). In the logistic regression controlling for potential confounders, the adjusted odds ratio for the symptoms of mucosal irritation was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.14, 2.90) in the low-exposure group, compared with the unexposed reference group; and 2.46 (95% CI = 1.15, 5.28) in the high-exposure group, compared with the reference group. Corresponding odds ratios for the symptoms of allergic reaction were 1.82 (95% CI = 1.14, 2.90) and 3.16 (95% CI = 1.41, 7.09). No difference was found in the risk for asthmatic or skin reactions or general symptoms. The results support a hypothesis that textile and other soft-fiber wall materials used in the office environment are possible determinants of sick building syndrome.
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PMID:Textile wall materials and sick building syndrome. 818 88

We hypothesized that intrathecal fentanyl infusion would provide excellent analgesia, require lower doses than necessary for the epidural or intravenous route of administration, and reduce the incidence and/or severity of side effects. Accordingly, we studied 12 patients during 48 h after thoracotomy (three pneumonectomies, six lobectomies, and three multiple resections of metastases or pleural surgery). The mean dose of fentanyl infused intrathecally was 0.81 +/- 0.26 microgram.kg-1 x h-1, and plasma fentanyl concentrations ranged between 0.49 +/- 0.19 and 0.72 +/- 0.34 ng/ml. Four patients needed a supplementary bolus of intrathecal fentanyl. Pain scores decreased below 30/100 within 1 h when measured at rest but required 24 h to decrease to the same level during coughing. Pulmonary function tests returned to approximately 50% of preoperative values within 1 h of fentanyl infusion. Mean respiratory rates averaged 19 +/- 4, and no episode of apnea was detected. Pruritus, nausea, and headache occurred, respectively, in four, one, and zero patients. Excessive pressure in the infusion system occurred frequently, limiting fentanyl infusion in two patients. All catheters were removed intact; however, one broke outside of the patient's back. This study demonstrates that intrathecal fentanyl infusion can safely provide rapid and intense analgesia but that current 32-gauge intrathecal catheters are not well suited for prolonged postoperative use.
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PMID:Prolonged intrathecal fentanyl analgesia via 32-gauge catheters after thoracotomy. 821 30

Cocaine abuse surged in the 1980s, forcing reevaluation of its previously benign image. Snorted, smoked, and injected, the drug is more widely abused than ever and, the consequences are devastating. Medical complications are frequent and range from mild (eg, cough, itching, headache) to life-threatening (eg. stroke, seizure, cardiovascular failure). Behavioral disturbances constitute the most dramatic and widespread effects of intoxication and withdrawal. Psychopathologic responses may include perceptual disturbances (eg. hallucinations) agitation, aggression, delirium, confusion, and profound delusional ideation. The goals of treatment are abstinence, rehabilitation, and relapse prevention. Hospital care may be necessary in certain circumstances. Regardless of where treatment takes place, a comprehensive program of supportive care, behavioral therapy, urine monitoring, and often psychopharmacologic intervention is required.
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PMID:The treatment of cocaine abuse. 831 99

In order to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on health conditions, the authors analyzed results of the THI (Todai Health Index) questionnaire, which was administered to male employees of a large-sized enterprise in Osaka between 1984 and 1990. The smoking rate of male employees decreased over this period of time from 62.4% (1984) to 58.3% (1990) in this enterprise. Complaints regarding "respiratory organ", "digestive organ", "circulatory organ", "irregularity of daily life", "impulsiveness", and "many subjective symptoms" significantly increased with the amount of smoking. Many items of physical complaints in the THI questionnaire were also associated with smoking. These were coughing, sore throat, sputum, nausea when brushing teeth, loss of appetite, stomach pain, stomach problems, diarrhea, heartburn, gum problems, bad breath, heavy eyelids, itchy skin, face looked pale, shortness of breath, palpitation, feeling flushed or feverish, back pain, going to bed late and getting up late, weakness or fatigue, irregular meals, irritation, sensitive or nervous, eating salty or greasy food, and heavy drinker. It is therefore important in the health education of individual smokers to put special emphasis not only on the many diseases associated with smoking but also these physical complaints.
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PMID:[Relationship between cigarette smoking and physical complaints]. 831 11

Seven lambs were inoculated with 150-3,000 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi and subsequently killed for autopsy. From one week post inoculation (p.i.), a marked eosinophilia was found, and one of the lambs showed signs of coughing, increased respiratory frequency and elevated body temperature. Pruritus was observed in three lambs during the period 5-10 weeks p.i. Gross and microscopic lesions were found in the liver, lungs, myocardium, kidneys, spinal nerve roots and in the central nervous system (CNS). The lesions resembled those previously reported in experimentally infected goat kids. The migratory route of the infective larvae seemed to be haematogenous. Developing nematodes were sectioned in the CNS of a lamb killed at day 30 p.i. The nematodes found in the brain of this lamb were significantly thicker than those observed in the spinal cord. Intact nematodes were not detected in the remaining lambs which were all killed 149-151 days p.i. None of the experimental lambs shed E. rangiferi first-stage larvae in the faeces. These findings indicate that E. rangiferi gradually dies out in sheep and will not complete its life cycle in this animal species.
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PMID:Experimental cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in sheep. 834 66

The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of an epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine in the management of postthoracotomy pain. Thirty-six patients were randomized into one of two groups. The epidural group received an epidural fentanyl infusion, 10 micrograms/mL, and saline through their PCA machine. The PCA group received an epidural saline infusion and morphine, 1.0 mg/mL, through their PCA device. The infusions were escalated according to a study protocol when pain relief was deemed inadequate by the patients. Pain relief was evaluated by a visual analog pain scale (VAS), both at rest and during coughing, and by verbal rating scores (VRS) of pain relief. Degree of sedation and the frequency of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were also noted. The VAS, VRS, degree of sedation, and side effects were evaluated every 2 h from 7 AM to 7 PM, for 72 h after surgery. Forced vital capacities were determined before surgery and at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The VAS were significantly lower (P = 0.001), and the Total Pain Relief scores higher (P < 0.02) in the epidural group, signifying better analgesia. There were no differences in postoperative forced vital capacity between the two groups. More patients in the PCA group had greater degrees of sedation on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.005), whereas pruritus was more frequent (P < 0.02) in the epidural group. We conclude that an epidural fentanyl infusion is superior to that of PCA with morphine in the management of pain after thoracotomy.
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PMID:A randomized double-blind comparison of epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia with morphine for postthoracotomy pain. 842 8

Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy is generally a self-limiting condition that occurs in the last trimester and disappears within 1-2 weeks after delivery. The cases of two women who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are presented. After delivery, pruritus and jaundice increased and the maximal level of bilirubin reached 500 and 433 mumol/L, respectively (normal, < 20 mumol/L). A familial aggregation was present in one case. Extensive laboratory, radiological, and histopathological investigation showed no other cause of jaundice. Cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, evening primrose oil, and ultraviolet light were used without evidence of efficacy. On the other hand, after corticosteroids were given pruritus ceased and biochemical alterations became normal 35 and 43 weeks, respectively, after delivery. During follow-up 2 years after delivery in one patient, symptoms have not recurred and liver function tests have remained normal. A therapy-resistant dry cough in the other patient is described as a new clinical symptom of severe cholestasis.
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PMID:Prolonged postpartum course of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. 816 42

Allergic diseases affect at least 15% of the population and are the cause of much ill-health. 'Clinical immunology and allergy', the term used by the Department of Health in England and Wales for this area of specialization, is recognized as a separate specialty of medicine under the National Health Service. Many organ-based hospital consultants (e.g. chest physicians) have allergy as a special interest or subspecialty. Allergists deal largely with 'itch, sneeze, cough and wheeze' and so are experts in: summer hay fever (seasonal, allergic, conjunctivorhinitis); perennial rhinitis (symptoms of a 'permanent cold'); allergic asthma (including occupational asthma); allergy to stinging insects (especially wasps and bees); allergy to drugs; allergy-related skin disorders, i.e. urticaria, angioedema, atopic eczema and contact dermatitis; food allergy and food intolerance; anaphylaxis (acute generalized allergic reaction); evaluating the role of allergy in non-specific/polysymptomatic illness. Children with allergic disease should be under the overall care of a paediatrician since the progression of allergies in children differs from that in adults. Good allergy practice involves teamwork by doctors, nurses and dietitians. The investigation of allergy patients includes skin tests and challenge procedures (e.g. food allergy tests) as well as various specialized laboratory investigations. Good clinical practice by providers and the effective use of allergy services by purchasers should improve prognosis and cut costs of treatment in allergic disease.
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PMID:Good allergy practice--standards of care for providers and purchasers of allergy services within the National Health Service. Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Pathologists. 852 Nov 76

We compared the efficacy and tolerance of Azelastine nasal spray (0.14 mg in each nostril twice a day) versus Ebastine tablets (10 mg) as a single night dose in a Phase IV open, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial lasting 14 days, conducted with 63 patients diagnosed of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The symptoms assessed before and after the treatment period were: sneezing, nasal pruritus, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, conjunctival erythema, eye pruritus, eye watering, photophobia, pharyngeal pruritus and cough. Each symptom was rated by the patients according to a 4-point scale: absent: 0, mild: 1, moderate: 2, and severe: 3. The score required to be included in the study was 8 or above. In addition, the resistance of nasal fossae was assessed, before and after the treatment, by active anterior rhinomanometry, as well as the appearance of adverse events. Both drugs were equally effective both in the control of symptoms and in decreasing the airway resistance and no statistically significant differences were observed in the variables tested in both groups. We concluded that Azelastine nasal spray is a treatment as effective as Ebastine in the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, with an excellent tolerance and minimum adverse effects.
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PMID:Investigation on the efficacy and tolerance of azelastine (HCL) nasal spray versus ebastine tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 852 67

The purpose of this study was to compare meperidine to meperidine with bupivacaine when used for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after thoracotomy. For 3 days after thoracotomy patients received thoracic PCEA with meperidine 0.1% plain or with added bupivacaine 0.1% or 0.01%. No background infusion was used. All patients received indomethacin postoperatively for the duration of the study. Patients were assessed with respect to meperidine consumption, analgesia, and side effects. Sixty-six patients participated. Patients in all three groups obtained effective analgesia with median meperidine consumption of 5-6 mg/h. There were no significant differences between groups in meperidine consumption or pain scores at rest or with coughing. The addition of bupivacaine 0.1% reduced the incidence of pruritus (P = 0.036), but 5 of 23 patients in this group were with-drawn from the study because of significant hypotension, oliguria, and/or motor or sensory block (P = 0.006). We conclude that the addition of bupivacaine 0.1% or 0.01% to thoracic PCEA meperidine 0.1% does not affect meperidine requirements or analgesia after thoracotomy. The addition of bupivacaine 0.1% may reduce pruritus, but is associated with signs of excessive sensory, motor, or autonomic blockade in a significant number of patients.
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PMID:Patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracotomy: a comparison of meperidine with and without bupivacaine. 865 70


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