Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on dermatomyositis-like adverse cutaneous reactions following long-term maintenance therapy with hydroxyurea in two patients suffering from chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). In addition to non-specific side effects, such as xerosis, pruritus and hyperpigmentation, both patients presented with more specific skin changes, i.e. erythematous lesions, scaling, and partially atrophic areas distributed in a linear fashion on the dorsal aspects of the hands and fingers. In addition, teleangiectatic erythema of the face was present in both patients, and this was associated with oedema of the eyelids in one patient. Despite these dermatomyositis-like features there were no clinical signs of muscular involvement, and muscle-specific enzymes were within normal ranges. Skin biopsy specimens revealed an interface dermatitis characterized by a lichenoid cell infiltrate, vacuolar alteration of basal cells, necrotic keratinocytes within the spinous zone, focal hypergranulosis, ortho-hyperkeratosis and telangiectases in the upper part of the dermis. Analogous histopathological findings have been documented in lichen planus-like skin changes on the hands following hydroxyurea therapy. It seems doubtful whether there are actually any major differences between those skin changes described as dermatomyositis-like and those interpreted as lichen planus-like in patients receiving long-term hydroxyurea therapy.
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PMID:[Dermatomyositis-like skin changes with long-term hydroxyurea (Litalir) therapy]. 749 34

Equine "kasen" is a chronic dermatitis that occurs especially during the summer months. In the present study, skin lesions of kasen that were collected by biopsy from May to October were classified histopathologically into three stages: initial (Group I, 30 cases), developing (Group II, 48 cases) and regressing (Group III, 13 cases). The characteristic lesions were hyperkeratosis, an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes and Langerhans cells (positive for class II MHC) at the epidermo-dermal junction, oedema of the dermis and perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous Birbeck granules were observed in the cytoplasm of Langerhans cells. These lesions were striking in Group II and less so in Group III. Kasen is therefore considered to be similar to Queensland itch and sweet itch as described in Australia and Britain, respectively. The histological features were characteristic of a type I and type IV allergic dermatitis.
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PMID:Immunopathological study on equine insect hypersensitivity ("kasen") in Japan. 804 Mar 82

We report the case of a second patient with the extraordinary ultrastructural findings of vacuolated structures intermingled with membranes in the perinuclear part of the upper epidermal cells. Clinical, light microscopic, and electron microscopic features of this particular presentation of ichthyosis congenita type III have already been presented by K. M. Niemi and L. Kanerva in 1989. Although our patient has more or less the same light and electron microscopic findings, the clinical picture is more severe. The patient was born as a collodion baby. Later, he showed signs of generalized severe involvement with large scales, erythrodermia, and itching. Successful therapy with retinoids resulted in complete removal of the hyperkeratosis but left the striking reticulate skin pattern. Noting the heterogeneous clinical presentation, the specific electron microscopic findings are diagnostic. No biochemical data on this disease are known.
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PMID:A particular subtype of ichthyosis congenita type III. Clinical, light, and electron microscopic features. 859 78

In an epidemiological study of occupational dermatitis in 5 different shoe factories, 246 workers were interviewed, examined and patch tested using standard and occupational patch test series. The prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis was 14.6% (36/246): 8.1% (20/246) irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) and 6.5% (16/246) allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). Among the latter, the most common occupational allergens were p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin and mercaptobenzothiazole. 6% (15/246) presented with hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, while 3.2% (8/246) reported pruritus sine materia (PSM) present only during working hours. 2 workers presented with vitiligo-like leukodermic patches on the backs of their hands and on their forearms. Some jobs were more frequently associated with skin complaints. In the assembly department, OACD was most frequent (11.4%), attributed to contact with adhesives and, to a lesser degree, with rubber and leather. OICD caused by contact with the solvents contained in adhesives and varnishes was most frequent in the assembly and trimming departments (17.1% and 15.6%, respectively). PSM, probably caused by the dust present in the working environment was reported by 33.3% of the workers in the sole-cutting and scraping departments. Hyperkeratosis of the fingertips, as a reaction to the continuous trauma of leather on the skin, was observed most frequently (41.6%) in the sole-cutting department.
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PMID:Occupational dermatitis in shoemakers. 878 19

Juvenile papular dermatosis is characterized by hypopigmented lichenoid flat papules with predilection for the dorsa of the hands, the elbows and the knees. The disease affects children in the summer months. Changes observed in biopsy specimens show hyperkeratosis, a moderate degree of acanthosis and a lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate in the upper dermis. The pathogenetic influence of such rough materials as sand and wool and of photosensitivity in atopic patients is suggested. We report on a 9-year-old boy who developed lesions of juvenile papular dermatitis (especially severe on the face and the back of the knee) and extreme pruritus for the first time in summer 1994.
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PMID:[Dermatitis papulosa juvenilis]. 886 57

There are plans to use mass treatment with ivermectin to clear all Africa of the worst ocular and cutaneous effects of onchocerciasis. However, there remains uncertainty about the most suitable treatment regimen and the likely effects of ivermectin on onchocercal skin disease. We have followed 948 subjects for over 6 years in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study of ivermectin for onchocerciasis in a hyperendemic focus in Sierra Leone. Using an intention-to-treat analysis we found a microfilarial prevalence of 16% 6 months after up to 4 annual doses of ivermectin, and 13% prevalence in the group receiving up to 10 doses of ivermectin at 6-monthly intervals. Microfilarial loads were well suppressed in both groups, but repopulation data suggest that adult female worms are still alive and fecund, strongly underlining the need to continue treatment. A clear effect of ivermectin was demonstrated on itching, with about one-third of cases being alleviated. Significant reductions in the prevalence of serious hyperkeratosis, and possibly dyspigmentation (leopard skin), were noted, but not for any other onchocercal skin lesion. Six-monthly and annual treatment regimens with ivermectin were equally effective in terms of dermatological and parasitological impact.
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PMID:Clinical and parasitological responses after up to 6.5 years of ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. 898 May 90

We report two patients, mother and daughter, with Erythrokeratoderma variabilis (EV). This rare genodermatosis is characterized by the presence of two components: migratory erythema and fixed hyperkeratosis. Our patients experienced symptomatic relief of pruritus associated with erythema with the use of an oral, low-sedating H1-antihistamine. Revision of the literature in order to allocate the frequency of pruritus in EV and discussion of this association will follow.
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PMID:Erythrokeratoderma variabilis: case report and review of the literature. 978 50

Tacrolimus ointment, formulated for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, is the first in a class of topical immunomodulators. Its mechanism of action is based on calcineurin inhibition, which results in suppression of antigen-specific T-cell activation and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release. Animal and human studies have shown that topically applied tacrolimus is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation, the fraction that is absorbed is extensively distributed, and tacrolimus does not accumulate in tissues following repeated topical application. In addition, tacrolimus ointment is not inherently irritating, sensitizing, phototoxic, or photoallergenic when applied to intact skin. Unlike some topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus ointment does not cause a decrease in collagen synthesis or skin thickness, nor does it produce skin abnormalities or depigmentation. In animal studies, repeated daily application of tacrolimus ointment up to 1 year is associated with dermal findings similar to those following vehicle application (mild to moderate dermal irritation and microscopic findings of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and superficial inflammation). In a 52-week study with Yucatan micropigs, no noteworthy macroscopic or microscopic changes (either dermal or systemic) related to the application of tacrolimus ointment (0.03% to 0.3% concentrations) were observed. Tacrolimus ointment was shown to be safe and effective in phase 2 and early phase 3 studies. Significant improvements in atopic dermatitis were observed in the majority of patients treated with tacrolimus ointment. The most common adverse events associated with its use were a transient burning sensation and pruritus at the site of application. Blood tacrolimus concentrations were below the limit of quantitation in most patients.
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PMID:Nonclinical and early clinical development of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. 1114 92

Two chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) out of a group of three were experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei derived from a naturally infected domestic goat. One of the chamois presented the first clinical manifestations (papules and desquamation) at 7 days post-infection, after 22 days crusts and alopecia appeared and after 41 days pruritus. The other chamois presented desquamation after 15 days and papules after 21 days and crusts and alopecia after 31 days. All these clinical manifestations continued to spread and when the animals were treated at 84 days post-infection, pruritus, papules and crusts were first to disappear, there being no evidence of their presence at 99 days post-infection, when the second treatment dose was applied. The desquamation and alopecia disappeared at 114 days post-infection, by which stage both animals were considered to have been cured. The results of the skin scraping was negative in both chamois until 54 days post-infection and it became negative again after 84 days, when the first treatment dose was applied. Biopsies showed different levels of hyperkeratosis and a marked epidermic hyperplasia with formation of small crusts. Superficial epidermis presented marked vasodilatation and also infiltrated inflammation. None of the biopsies carried out showed the presence of parasites. The non-infected chamois, which was kept in the same compound as the other two, did not present any clinical manifestations compatible with infection by S. scabiei throughout the entire period of the experiment.
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PMID:Experimental infection of chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) with Sarcoptes scabiei derived from naturally infected goats. 1124 70

Clinical manifestations of atopic hand-foot (H-F) dermatitis have not been well studied. This study examined 108 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with H-F dermatitis between May 1997 and July 1999 at our AD clinic to determine the clinical characteristics of atopic H-F dermatitis and to assess its etiologic associations. It usually began in childhood with an early onset of AD. Pruritus was the most frequent symptom, and erythema, scales, lichenification, hyperkeratosis, fissures, and keratolysis exfoliativa were also common signs. Both the hands and feet were involved in 47 (44.0%) patients, and either hand or foot involvement was observed in 15 (13.9%) and 46 (42.6%) patients, respectively. Palmar or plantar surfaces were more frequently involved than the dorsal aspects. The great toe was affected more often than the other toes. Two-thirds of patients presented with manifestations of the ichthyosis triad and sandpaper-like skin lesions on the elbow, knee, and lateral malleolus. Palmar or plantar hyperhidrosis was reported in 15% and 20%, respectively. The ichthyosis triad-associated group showed a significantly higher incidence of sandpaper-like (thickened, roughened) skin lesions, and these patients had lesions on the dorsal hands or heels and lateral malleolus more frequently than ichthyosis triad-absent patients. The hyperhidrosis-associated group showed an association with glassy lesions, localized to palmar or plantar areas. Atopic H-F dermatitis is associated with the nonallergic etiologies of AD and clinical subgroups can be identified on the basis of nonallergic backgrounds.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of atopic hand-foot dermatitis. 1135 46


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