Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old woman presented with unilateral eye swelling and itching. Subsequent examination showed the cause was an infestation of the parasitic worm Thelazia callipaeda. The vector leading to human infection is the fly. The possible mechanisms of infection for this patient are discussed. Although this is a known form of ocular infection, especially in Asia, this is one of few reported cases in Taiwan.
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PMID:Human Thelaziasis occurrence in Taiwan. 1643 Apr 40

Gnathostomiasis is a nematode infestation endemic in Southeast Asia, which can involve multiple organs including the liver, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and CNS. The most common manifestation is recurrent migratory subcutaneous swellings which can appear anywhere on the body and are accompanied by pruritus and systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever, loss of appetite and nausea. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, history of travel, peripheral blood eosinophilia and the determination of agent-specific antibody levels. The standard treatment is albendazole. We present a 37-year-old Laotian woman, who had lived in Germany for 17 years, but developed recurrent swelling of the cheek following a visit to Laos. Because of the typical clinical findings, the history of a visit to Laos, and the presence of specific anti-Gnathostoma antibodies on Western blot, the diagnosis of cutaneous gnathostomiasis was made.
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PMID:Gnathostomiasis: import from Laos. 1668 9

Scabies is a pruritic dermatosis due to infestation by a mite that stimulates both humoral and cellular immune responses causing cutaneous lesions as well as pruritus. Changes in immune response pattern with treatment are associated with improvement in symptoms and clinical cure. In this study, we analysed the cellular infiltrate types and patterns in lesions of Scabies. Treated patients were divided into 2 groups as those with and without pruritus. In the pre-treatment cases, there was a high incidence of T3, T4, T6 and T8 infiltration in the lesions, with T4 greater than T8. Following treatment, it was noted that T8 density was significantly increased in patients who had resolution of symptoms. It can therefore be concluded that T4 cell dominance is the cause of persistant itching and T8 increase leads to improvement in the pruritus.
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PMID:Cell typing of the scabetic lesion and its clinical correlation. 1671 37

Onchocerciasis results from infestation by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus and is characterized by troublesome itching, skin lesions, and eye manifestations. Although partially controlled by international mass prevention programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard and is endemic in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested black flies, which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin symptoms are commonly nonspecific and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation, and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease covers a large spectrum of manifestations, which in severe cases, may lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips." In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed at the slit lamp when migrating into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is, at present, the drug of choice for skin and ocular manifestations. Recent research using a chemotherapeutic approach that targets filarial Wolbachia symbionts in the treatment and control of onchocerciasis, however, suggests that 100 mg/d of doxycycline for 6 weeks might be effective in reducing the filarial load and preventing ocular symptoms.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis--river blindness. 1671 98

The results of an epidemiological and clinical study of flea infestations of farm animals in northern Libya is reported. Of 12,130 sheep examined from 124 flocks, 150 sheep were found to be infested with fleas from 50 different flocks. Likewise 23 goats from 2981 examined, and 11 calves from 1124 cattle examined were infested No fleas were recovered from camels or horses. Of 1861 fleas recovered from farm livestock, 1857 were Ctenocephalides felis strongylus and 4 were Pulex irritans. Dogs from farms and local clinics were also examined. Eight farms dogs were found to be infested with P. irritans. Of 79 infested dogs examined in veterinary clinics, 53 were found infested with P. irritans, 11 with Ctenocephalides felis felis, 12 had a mixed infestation of P. irritans and C. felis felis. Single dogs had mixed infestation of P. irritans and C. canis; C. felis felis and C. canis; and P. irritans, C. felis felis and Echidnophaga gallinacia. C. felis felis was also found on 15 infested cats. C. felis felis was never found on large farm animals despite frequently sharing their environment with dogs or cats. Likewise C. felis stongylus was never isolated from dogs or cats. This is consistent with the hypothesis that C. felis strongylus has become adapted to large farm animals, whilst C. felis felis is better adapted to dogs and cats. However, four stockmen were found infested with a total of 176 C. felis strongylus, which suggests that this subspecies is also a potential zoonosis. A significantly higher proportion of intensive farms had animals with flea infestation compared to semi-intensive farms. Fleas were not found in nomadic herds. Infested farm animals often presented with excoriation, alopecia, pruritus and hyperkeratitis particularly on the lower limbs. These signs are consistent with the generation of flea-bite hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Epidemiology of flea infestation of ruminants in Libya. 2159 66

Here we reported the first case in Taiwan of human intestinal myiasis caused by larvae of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus. The 21-year-old male patient experienced gastroenteritis and anal itching. During the patient's first hospital visit the doctor suspected Enterobius infection. After treatment with anthelmintic mebendazole, 5 live larvae were passed out in the feces. Symptoms were resolved a few days later. The larvae were brown and slender, measuring approximately 10 mm in length. The worms were located in the intestine. Subsequent examination showed that the cause was an infestation of larvae of T. albipunctatus. The patient was likely infected by ingestion of eggs or early-stage larvae in contaminated food.
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PMID:Intestinal myiasis caused by larvae of Telmatoscopus albipunctatus in a Taiwanese man. 1741 10

Lice are obligatory parasites surviving on blood meals obtained from the host, with their mouthparts modified to enable piercing and sucking. The infestation with body lice, also known as pediculosis corporis, is a common worldwide problem that affects people of all races. Body lice are preferentially seen in cold climates, under conditions of poor sanitation and crowding. Pediculosis corporis is not only a disease in itself, but it can also be a source of bacterial infections. The hallmark of pediculosis corporis is pruritus and pyoderma of clothing covered areas. A more general reaction of fever, headaches, a diffuse rash, fatigue, and myalgias may appear a few weeks or months after the beginning of the parasitism. Treatment is comprised of improved hygiene and laundering of all the infested clothing, bedding and linens in hot water. Medical treatment involving pediculicides is required in large-scale infestations.
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PMID:Pediculosis corporis: an ancient itch. 1743 78

A 31-year-old Saudi man was seen at an ear, nose, and throat clinic at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with bilateral itching in the external auditory canal. On otoscopic examination, the skin lining the ear canal was thickened with whitish sheets of sloughed cells and thick discharge. Large numbers of mites of an undescribed species closely related to members of the genus Loxanoetus (Histiostomatidae) were present. The patient underwent successive washings of the ear canal with saline and 70% ethanol at intervals of 2-3 months and was treated with antibiotics. Treatment with Eurax (crotamiton) ear drops for one week cleared the mite infestation. This represents the first reported case of human otoacariasis involving a histiostomatid mite. Based on the known biology of histiostomatid mites and the associated hosts of Loxanoetus and related genera, there is reason to speculate that the patient acquired the infestation while swimming in a lake or pond where this mite was present.
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PMID:A human case of otoacariasis involving a histiostomatid mite (Acari: Histiostomatidae). 1748 24

Ekbom syndrome or delusional parasitosis is mainly described in presenile women who are unmarried or living alone. The presenting dermatological symptom is persistent pruritus, and the patients take medical advice in several practitioners one after another. The typical symptom is the behaviour of bringing sample of the allegered parasites inside small containers, defined as the "matchbox sign". The patient is so convincing that she shares delusion of infestation by his familiars who complaint of pruritus. The Ekbon syndrome is defined as the most contagious of psychiatric syndromes. Beyond psychotherapy, pimozide is the drug of choice in such a syndrome.
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PMID:[Ekbom syndrome or delusional parasitosis]. 1759 80

Sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in four freshly dead and three net-captured gazelle while ranging freely. The captured animals presented with an alopecic pruritic skin disease with signs of crusted skin lesions, numerous small nodules which first appeared on the lips or nostrils and then it also extended towards the eyelids, around the ears, and, in some cases, over entire face, neck, trunk, and legs. Skin over the affected area gradually became bald, thick and hard, being dry and doughy to the touch, and serous fluid or sometimes blood oozes from the lesions which had a severe malodor. Skin scrapings confirmed the presence of the mite S. scabiei. Histopathology of lesions demonstrated marked acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis. Microscopical examination also revealed all stages of S. scabiei, which were located mainly in the stratum corneum and also in the stratum granulosum. During the capture and sampling of the animals, four persons ranging in age from 25 to 62 years were exposed to scabies. Two relatives of one of them have been also affected by familiar contact. Clinical signs appeared within 9 days of exposure. They developed several pruretic erythematous papules with intense itching.
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PMID:Sarcoptic mange of gazelle (Gazella subguttarosa) and its medical importance in Iran. 1767 3


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