Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vaccines against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi are used for prophylaxis of international travelers and have potential use as counterbioterrorism agents. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) cannot usually establish causal relationships between vaccines and reported adverse events without further research but has successfully detected unrecognized side effects of vaccine. We reviewed reports to VAERS for US-licensed typhoid fever vaccines for the period of July 1990 through June 2002. We received 321 reports for parenteral Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine and 345 reports for live, oral, attenuated Ty21a vaccine, with 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively, describing death, hospitalization, permanent disability, or life-threatening illness. Unexpected frequently reported symptoms included dizziness and pruritus for Vi vaccine and fatigue and myalgia for Ty21a vaccine. Gastroenteritis-like illness after receipt of Ty21a vaccine and abdominal pain after receipt of Vi vaccine, which are previously recognized events, occasionally required hospitalization. Nonfatal anaphylaxis was reported after both vaccines. VAERS reports do not indicate any unexpected serious side effects that compromise these vaccines' use for travelers' prophylaxis.
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PMID:Postmarketing safety surveillance for typhoid fever vaccines from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, July 1990 through June 2002. 1499 18

The tissues affected by histamine and anaphylactic reactions are identical. Epinephrine antagonizes the action of histamine by acting on effector cells in a direction opposite to that of histamine. The so-called antihistaminic drugs block rather than antagonize the action of histamine. The injection into the human body of epinephrine or certain antihistaminic substances provokes the release of histamine and thereby produces a rise in the histamine blood level. There is a remarkable conformity of potency of antihistaminics as determined by Dale experiments and by histamine intoxication experiments in the intact guinea pig. Neoantergan, Pyribenzamine and Histadyl are usually superior to other compounds when potency is assayed by these methods. All antihistaminics provide similar protection again animal anaphylaxis. Larger doses are necessary to protect against anaphylaxis than against histamine intoxication. The differences in potency as determined by Dale experiments and histamine experiments in animals are not found in clinical use. One compound is not generally superior to all others in the treatment of any one or several allergic disorders. The antihistaminic drugs are beneficial in the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis, acute urticaria and angioneurotic edema, and mild non-infective bronchial asthma. Their effectiveness in the management of moderately severe and severe non-infective bronchial bronchial asthma; infective bronchial asthma; migraine; atopic dermatitis (disseminated neurodermatitis), and pruritus of skin disorders other than acute urticaria and angioneurotic edema, is not worthy of particular commendation. The size of the dose of any antihistaminic substance influences the incidence of but not the type of side-effect that may accompany its usage. The quality of side effects varies according to the drug, although there is an individuality of response for each patient which must be reckoned with. In selecting an antihistaminic compound it is necessary to consider the percentage of cases in which side effects occur, as well as the percentage of good results. Optimal results are obtained by employing combinations of compounds and changing from one to the other as the case demands.
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PMID:Histamine and the antihistaminic drugs. 1541 37

Carboplatin has established an important role in many different cancers. As its use increased, the documented cases of hypersensitivity also picked up. Although the mechanism of these reactions remains unknown, the immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE may be involved. It takes a while for the reaction to develop, but cases are reported even after 1st cycle. The incidence of hypersensitivity is highest at about 8th cycle of therapy with decline after that. These reactions themselves ranged from facial flushing or itching to seizures, dyspnea, and anaphylaxis. Many physicians currently do not use skin testing prior to 8th cycle of carboplatin therapy and retreat their patients with carboplatin after the first hypersensitivity reaction. Therefore, it is suggested that skin test should be conducted prior to the 8th cycle, preferably before the 6th cycle, as hypersensitivity tends to increase on the 6th cycle-treatment. Methods published so far involve: desensitization, skin testing, switching therapy to another platinum analogue, and premedication. Despite all the process, the most effective drug toxicity prevention method remains skin testing prior to 8th cycle. It can accurately predict patients who will develop hypersensitivity reactions. Other methods so far have not shown consistent results.
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PMID:Carboplatin hypersensitivity. 1617 60

The exact pathophysiology of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is not well understood. The concept of autoreactivity has evolved to explain the disease in up to 50% of cases, while the search for other mechanisms is still needed to explain the disease, at least among the remaining subpopulation of non-autoreactive CIU. Therefore, we thought to investigate some aspects of the IgE-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated late-phase response (LPR) of anaphylaxis. We searched for percentages of FcepsilonRII-bearing (CD23+) B and T lymphocytes and correlated this with total IgE serum levels, IL-4 serum levels and the disease severity scores. Twenty-five patients with non-autoreactive CIU and ten healthy control subjects participated in this study. CD23+ B- and T-cells were assessed by flow cytometry, total IgE serum levels were estimated by enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), IL-4 serum levels were estimated by Enzyme Amplified Sensitivity Immunoassay (EASIA), while disease severity was determined by a daily self-assessment urticaria activity and itching score. Our results showed that the mean values for percentages of CD23+ B-cells (6.7 +/- 2.3%), total IgE serum levels (139.6 +/- 103.9 microg/dl) and IL-4 serum levels (18.3 +/- 14.7 ng/ml) for patients were statistically significant (p = 0.002, 0.013 and 0.008, respectively), when compared with the corresponding values for controls (4.0 +/- 1.7%, 51.5 +/- 25.1 microg/dl, and 5.1 +/- 4.1 ng/ml, respectively), while the difference between the mean percentage of CD23+ T-cells for patients (2.8 +/- 2%) and that for controls (2.1 +/- 0.6%) was non-significant (p = 0.267). Strong positive correlations were detected between percentages of CD23+ B-cells and severity scores (r = 0.678, p = 0.0001), total IgE serum levels (r = 0.756, p = 0.0001) and IL-4 serum levels (r = 0.709, p = 0.0001), while no correlation was detected between CD23+ B-cells and CD23+ T-cells (r= 0.188, p= 0.368). It is concluded, that CD23+ B-cells, regulated by IL-4, may contribute in the pathogenesis of non-autoreactive CIU, by producing high levels of IgE and possibly lymphokines, while CD23+ T-cells may be involved in early antigen recognition. This may have a future therapeutic ramification in this distinct subset of CIU by targeting low-affinity IgE receptors.
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PMID:Increased circulating FcepsilonRII-bearing B-lymphocytes and serum levels of IL-4 in non-autoreactive chronic idiopathic urticaria. 1571 7

The patient was a 65-year-old man with chief complaints of flare, swelling, itching and loss of consciousness. He had a history of diabetes diagnosed at the age of 34 years and was receiving medication from a local doctor. He had experienced systemic flare, swelling and loss of consciousness 20 minutes after drinking beer at a party at the age of 34 years. Since that time, he had frequently experienced urticaria and loss of consciousness while taking a walk after eating various foods (all of which contained flour). In February 2001, he experienced systemic flare, swelling and loss of consciousness when he returned home from a walk after eating a meal that included meat dumplings. Laboratory tests on admission showed a serum IgE level of 253 IU/ml, and the IgE level for flour in a RAST was 2.13 UA/ml (class 2). The results of exercise tolerance tests were normal during fasting, after ingestion of food that did not include allergens (wheat, shrimps and crab) and after ingestion of half of a thick slice of white bread, but systemic wheal and flare reactions appeared during an exercise tolerance test after ingestion of one thick slice of white bread. A diagnosis of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis caused by flour was made on the basis of the results.
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PMID:[A case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis caused by various foods which contained flour for thirty years]. 1571 49

Urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis are life threatening skin diseases. Allergological emergencies are common; drugs, food, food ingredients/additives, insects, and many other factors have been reported to elicit anaphylactic reactions. The severity of symptoms ranges from pruritus to generalized skin eruptions, gastrointestinal, bronchial problems to systemic anaphylaxis and cardiovascular emergencies. The pathomechanisms and treatment of urticarias, angioedema and anaphylaxis are described. In some situations emergency kit: antihistamines, steroids, betamimetics and adrenaline is needed. Familiarity with the early diagnosis and correct management should be acknowledegable for dermatologists to recognize these allergic reactions and must be prepared to administer emergency kit.
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PMID:Life-threatening severe allergic reactions: urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis. 1580 13

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction, affecting both children and adults. The occurrence of anaphylaxis is not as rare as generally believed (1.21% to 15.04% of the US population). Often the cause of this reaction remain unknown, mainly due to the difficulty in defining the outbreaking causes. Herein, we describe an interesting case of a patient, who developed an anaphylactic reaction after the bite of a pigeon tick. During the last 2 years, in wintertime, the patient often came to the emergency room for general rash and swelling, hypotension and tachycardia preceded by itching and general distress. Notably, the symptoms manifested themselves as night fell. In two particular occasions the patient reached the hospital in a state of shock. After another episode of general swelling, the patient was invited to examine her domestic environment. She brought us some parasites, collected at home, particularly on the bed. A morphological examination by entomologists proved these parasites to belong to Argas reflexus (Arg.r.), one of the 31 species of soft ticks. The presence of specific IgE to a protein secreted by the Arg.r. salivary glands was in favour of immediate-type systemic reaction, as supposed by the clinical history.
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PMID:Anaphylactic shock to Argas reflexus bite. 1585 66

Allergic diseases are common in all age groups and locations around the world. In the United States, allergic diseases affect 20 to 40 million people annually, including 10% to 30% of adults and close to 40% of children. An estimated 15 million people in the United States have been diagnosed as having asthma, with this number on the rise. Concomitant asthma affects 67% of patients who have allergic rhinitis. As a result of the increase in ventilation during exercise, athletes in particular experience significant symptoms of allergy triggered by exposure to aeroallergens. The allergic response causes nasal and conjunctival congestion, tearing, breathing difficulties, pruritus, fatigue, and mood changes, which affect athletic performance. Systemic symptoms of anaphylaxis from allergy, although rare, can be life threatening. Several decades ago it was inconceivable that an athlete who had asthma could perform competitively, let alone win Olympic gold medals. Today, with proper diagnosis, education, and optimal therapeutic management, the allergic athlete can achieve great strides in all sports endeavors. To avoid seasonal allergic flares and maximize performance, the physician providing care for an athlete who has seasonal allergies must be aware of the climatic patterns of aeroallergen expression, and adjust exercise and pharmacologic regimens accordingly. This article summarizes the effects of allergic disease on exercise and highlights the challenges that seasonal allergy place on athletic performance. Doping considerations grant additional complexity to this issue and underscore the need for a competent, skillful, informed, and ethical approach to treating seasonal allergy in the competitive athlete.
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PMID:Seasonal allergy and seasonal decrements in athletic performance. 1589 16

The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of luteolin on the scratching behavior associated with an allergic cutaneous reaction in mice. Elicitation of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and intradermal injections of compound 48/80, histamine or serotonin induced scratching behavior in ICR mice. Models of irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis were prepared by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the ears of mice. Topical application of luteolin at concentrations of 20 and 100 mug/site significantly inhibited the number of scratching incidents associated with passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and a similar tendency was also observed in histamine-, serotonin- and compound 48/80-evoked cutaneous reactions. The vascular permeability increase induced by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis or histamine injection was also significantly reduced by luteolin. Luteolin showed a potent inhibition on the ear thickness increase in models of irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. In conclusion, luteolin significantly inhibited the scratching behavior associated with allergic cutaneous anaphylaxis. Its effects against pruritus are mainly attributed to its inhibition of mediator release from activated mast cells and direct antagonist effects on the released mediators which may act as local pruritogens.
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PMID:Topical application of luteolin inhibits scratching behavior associated with allergic cutaneous reaction in mice. 1593 80

Human seminal plasma hypersensitivity has to be differentiated from allergic reactions to latex, spermicidal agents, local anesthetics or components of lubricants. The present review article discusses IgE-mediated allergic reactions (type I) to specific components of the seminal plasma. Such incidents are rare, even though there seems to be a considerable number of unreported cases. Since the first publication in 1958, human seminal plasma allergy has been increasingly recognized, and approximately 80 cases have been described. Most affected women are younger than 40 years, presenting with an atopic family history. Anaphylaxis to components of the seminal plasma is not always associated with infertility. Complaints occur immediately or within 1 h after contact with seminal plasma. Local reactions include itching, burning, erythema and edema in the vulvar region or other sperm contact sites. Systemic reactions are experienced as dyspnea, dysphagia, rhinoconjunctival complaints, generalized urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal symptoms, exacerbation of existing atopic eczema or anaphylactic shock. Recently, it has been reported that human seminal plasma anaphylaxis may also present as 'vulvar vestibulitis syndrome' or 'burning semen syndrome'. These symptoms may occur during the first sexual intercourse. Some results are indicative of allergens originating from the prostate, prostate-specific antigen being clinically relevant. The diagnosis of human seminal plasma allergy is based on history, demonstration of specific IgE antibodies in the serum and skin tests. Therapeutic options include allergen avoidance by use of condoms and attempts at desensitization.
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PMID:IgE-mediated allergy against human seminal plasma. 1612 42


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