Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This 12-week, single-center, investigator-blinded, randomized, parallel-design study assessed the safety and efficacy of tretinoin microsphere gel 0.04% delivered by pump (TMG PUMP) to tazarotene cream 0.05% (TAZ) in mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Efficacy measurements included investigator global assessment (IGA), lesion counts, and subject self-assessment of acne signs and symptoms. Efficacy was generally comparable between treatment groups, although TMG PUMP provided more rapid results in several parameters. IGA showed a more rapid mean change from baseline at week 4 in the TMG PUMP group (-0.18 versus -0.05 in the TAZ subjects). TMG PUMP yielded more rapid improvement in papules. At week 4, the mean percentage change from baseline in open comedones was statistically significant at -64% in the TMG PUMP group (P=0.0039, within group) versus -19% in the TAZ group (not statistically significant within the group; P=0.1875). Skin dryness, peeling and pruritus were significantly less in the TMG PUMP group as early as week 4. Adverse events related to study treatment were rare in both groups and all resolved upon discontinuation of study medication.
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PMID:Tretinoin microsphere gel pump 0.04% versus tazarotene cream 0.05% in the treatment of mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. 1958 41

The newly discovered endocannabinoid system (ECS; comprising the endogenous lipid mediators endocannabinoids present in virtually all tissues, their G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, biosynthetic pathways and metabolizing enzymes) has been implicated in multiple regulatory functions both in health and disease. Recent studies have intriguingly suggested the existence of a functional ECS in the skin and implicated it in various biological processes (e.g. proliferation, growth, differentiation, apoptosis and cytokine, mediator or hormone production of various cell types of the skin and appendages, such as the hair follicle and sebaceous gland). It seems that the main physiological function of the cutaneous ECS is to constitutively control the proper and well-balanced proliferation, differentiation and survival, as well as immune competence and/or tolerance, of skin cells. The disruption of this delicate balance might facilitate the development of multiple pathological conditions and diseases of the skin (e.g. acne, seborrhea, allergic dermatitis, itch and pain, psoriasis, hair growth disorders, systemic sclerosis and cancer).
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PMID:The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities. 1960 84

A 3-step acne system has been developed to enhance the bioavailability and follicular penetration of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Participants with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to 10 weeks' facial treatment with the 3-step acne system (proprietary salicylic acid cleanser 2% twice daily, proprietary salicylic acid toner 2% once daily, and solubilized BPO gel 5% twice daily) or with control cleanser twice daily plus clindamycin 1%-BPO 5% gel (jar formulation) twice daily. Among 139 participants enrolled, the 3-step acne system was at least as effective as clindamycin-BPO in reducing noninflammatory lesion counts in the early weeks of treatment in the absence of an antibiotic (mean reductions were 27% vs 13%, 39% vs 25%, 40% vs 33%, and 42% vs 42% at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 10, respectively) (all not significant). Both regimens were associated with comparable reductions in inflammatory lesion counts at all time points. Both regimens also were generally well-tolerated with mean scores for erythema, dryness, peeling, burning/stinging, and itching less than mild in both groups at all time points. The 3-step acne system is at least as effective as clindamycin-BPO in reducing noninflammatory lesion counts in the early weeks of treatment in the absence of an antibiotic, which is likely attributed to the solubilized BPO formulation.
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PMID:A 3-step acne system containing solubilized benzoyl peroxide versus clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide. 1974 25

Biologic therapies are an efficacious new method of controlling a number of chronic conditions. Data regarding these medications continues to emerge, giving clinicians a greater understanding of their side effects profiles. The biologic agents used in dermatology, particularly the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have a number of varied dermatologic side effects. In this two-part article, we perform a review of literature regarding the cutaneous side effects of infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, efalizumab, and alefacept. In Part 1, we will discuss cutaneous infections, malignancy, rebound phenomenon, eczema, atopic dermatitis, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous disease, pruritus, acne, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
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PMID:A mechanism-based classification of dermatologic reactions to biologic agents used in the treatment of cutaneous disease: Part 1. 1980 94

This study investigated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 2 fixed-dose combination gels for the treatment of facial acne: clindamycin 1%-benzoyl peroxide 5% gel with hydrating excipients (C/BPO HE) and adapalene 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 25% gel (A/BPO). After 12 weeks of once daily treatment, the mean reduction in inflammatory lesion count was 76.8% and 72.2% in the C/BPO HE group and A/BPO group, respectively (P = .076). Significantly more participants achieved treatment success, which was defined as an improvement of 2 grades or more from baseline to week 12 on the investigator's static global assessment (ISGA) scale, with C/BPO HE (30.5% [58/190]) compared with A/BPO (21.8% [42/192]) (P = .046), and treatment success was achieved more quickly with C/BPO HE (P = .035). Both products also reduced noninflammatory (62.2% C/BPO HE vs 6 1.5% A/BPO) and total lesion counts (69.1% C/BPO HE vs 67.1% A/BPO). Despite the overall similar efficacy profile, C/BPO HE was better tolerated and safer than A/BPO. In the tolerability assessments, erythema, dryness, peeling, pruritus, and burning/ stinging were more frequent in the A/BPO group at all time points from week 1 onward (P < .05). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 48.4% (92/190) of participants in the C/BPO HE group compared with 78.6% (151/192) of the A/BPO group. We conclude that C/BPO HE and A/BPO have similar efficacy in treating inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions, but C/BPO HE achieves better overall treatment success in less time coupled with a significantly better tolerability profile and notably better safety profile.
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PMID:Study of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 2 fixed-dose combination gels in the management of acne vulgaris. 1991 78

Topical retinoids are important tools in the management of acne because they act against comedones and microcomedones and have direct anti-inflammatory effects. The substances approved for acne treatment comprise tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid), isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) as well as the synthetic third-generation polyaromatic retinoids adapalene and tazarotene, the latter being approved for acne treatment in the US only. Retinaldehyde is used in cosmetic preparations against acne. All topical retinoids are effective as single agents in mild to moderate acne but differ in efficacy and tolerability. Tazarotene 0.1 % is more effective than tretinoin 0.025 % or 0.1 % microsphere gel or adapalene 0.1 % gel or cream (EBM-level 2c). Adapalene 0.1 % is equally effective to tretinoin 0.025 % or tretinoin microsphere 0.1 % gel or tretinoin 0.05 % cream or isotretinoin 0.05 % gel (EBM-level 2c). Adapalene 0.1 % gel is significantly better tolerated than tazarotene 0.1 % gel, tretinoin 0.025 % and tretinoin 0.05 % gel, tretinoin 0.05% cream, tretinoin microsphere 0.1 % gel or isotretinoin 0.05 % gel (EBM-level 2c).The safety profile of topical retinoids differs from their systemic counterparts and is related mainly to local adverse effects, such as erythema, dryness, itching and stinging. The currently available evidence justifies the use of topical retinoids in most types of acne and during maintenance treatment.
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PMID:[Topical retinoids in acne--an evidence-based overview]. 1847 77

Although a study using eye-tracking technology to assess the focus of attention when evaluating the beauty of a face demonstrated a marked attentional preference for the eye area (Cula, G.O. et al., Abst P1636), the skin at large is a main factor that reveals information about a person to everyone else with whom he or she comes into contact. Be it because of disease or because of aging, improving the appearance of the skin is as important as relieving pain, itch or other troublesome symptoms caused by skin diseases. Moreover, this can be much more important in a place like South Miami Beach, where bare skin is revealed on much more than just the face ... at least under normal circumstances, when the weather is not as surprisingly chilly as it was in March 2010 during the AAD annual meeting However, if beauty is very important for many people, health is important for everybody, and important news was also discussed on treatments for common and less common cutaneous diseases, ranging from psoriasis, acne and atopic dermatitis to a broad range of blistering, papulosquamous and granulomatous diseases. These are among the most important issues reviewed in the following report, which in combination with expert insight interviews freely accessible from the Access Dermatology website and the full abstracts from the meeting, available for download from the AAD website, will hopefully improve dermatologists' approach to treating skin diseases through use of the most novel therapies. Treatment is important, but so is prevention, and in that sense an important issue discussed during the meeting, which was nicely covered in an interview with Dr. Darrell S. Riegel from the Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at the New York University School of Medicine, was that protecting the skin from sunlight and artificial tanning beds is essential for preventing malignancies such as melanoma, while not jeopardizing adequate availability of active vitamin D. A fitting message is: "It's cold, but even if it wasn't, cover your skin... even in Miami".
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PMID:A report from the 68th annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (March 5-9, 2010 - Miami, Florida, USA). 2057 13

Objective. To evaluate the clinical benefit in adolescents of a three-step acne system containing solubilized benzoyl peroxide. Design. Patients in this multicenter, investigator-blind trial were randomly assigned to receive 10 weeks of treatment with either the three-step acne system for normal-to-oily skin (proprietary 2% salicylic acid cleanser twice daily + proprietary 2% salicylic acid toner once daily + solubilized 5% benzoyl peroxide gel twice daily) or with control cleanser + 5% benzoyl peroxide/1% clindamycin gel twice daily. Setting. Patients seeking acne treatment from a dermatologist. Pediatric subgroup analysis from a larger trial. Participants. Eighty-two adolescents with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Measurements. Noninflammatory and inflammatory lesion counts, erythema, dryness, peeling, burning/stinging, and itching. Results. The three-step acne system was significantly more effective than benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in reducing the noninflammatory lesion count at Weeks 2 and 4. The antibiotic-free acne system was also comparably effective to benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in reducing the inflammatory lesion count at all timepoints. Both regimens were generally well tolerated with mean levels of erythema, dryness, peeling, burning/stinging, and itching less than mild in both groups at all timepoints. Conclusions. The three-step acne system is an effective antibiotic-free acne treatment. Relative to benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin, its ability to achieve comparable reductions in inflammatory lesions, and significantly greater reductions in noninflammatory lesions in the early weeks of treatment is likely attributable to the solubilization of the benzoyl peroxide enhancing the bioavailability and intrafollicular penetration of the benzoyl peroxide.
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PMID:A Three-Step Acne System Containing Solubilized Benzoyl Peroxide versus Benzoyl Peroxide/Clindamycin in Pediatric Patients with Acne. 2072 76

Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylyglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and reduce low-density lipoprotein-C levels. Statins are well-tolerated drugs used for prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Statins possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, metabolic, and possible anticancer effects. Statins are reported to be effective against psoriasis, dermatitis, graft-versus-host disease, uremic pruritus, vitiligo, and hirsutism. Topical forms of statins are employed in the treatment of acne, seborrhea, rosacea, and rhinophyma. Animal studies show the beneficial effect of statins against contact dermatitis and wound healing. They have promising anti-HIV effects as well. This article succinctly reviews the various cellular and molecular effects of statins, their applications in cutaneous medicine and their side effects.
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PMID:Statins in dermatology. 2096 47

Endocannabinoids represent a class of endogenous lipid mediators, that are involved in various biological processes, both centrally and peripherally. The prototype member of this group of compounds, anandamide, regulates cell growth, differentiation and death; this holds true also in the skin, that is the largest organ of the body constantly exposed to physical, chemical, bacterial and fungal challenges. The epidermis is a keratinized multistratified epithelium that functions as a barrier to protect the organism from dehydration, mechanical trauma, and microbial insults, and epidermal differentiation represents one of the best characterized mechanisms of cell specialization. In this review, we shall summarize current knowledge about the main members of the so-called "endocannabinoid system (ECS)", in order to put in a better perspective the manifold roles that they play in skin pathophysiology. In particular, we shall discuss some aspects of the molecular regulation by endocannabinoids of proliferation and terminal differentiation ("cornification") of mammalian epidermis, showing that ECS is finely regulated by, and can interfere with, the differentiation program. In addition, we shall review evidence demonstrating that disruption of this fine regulation might cause different skin diseases, such as acne, seborrhoea, allergic dermatitis, itch, psoriasis and hair follicle regression (catagen), making of ECS an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Endocannabinoid signaling and epidermal differentiation. 2162 27


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