Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Efficacy and tolerability of a gel preparation with 0.025% tretinoin and 4% erythromycin in acne vulgaris was evaluated in an open multicentre study. A total of 1337 patients of either sex, aged 8 to 68 years, were enrolled in the study; 13 had to be excluded from analysis. Some 499 patients had received former acne treatment; this was described as non-efficient or poorly efficient in 90% of the patients. The treatment period lasted up to 14 weeks. Efficacy was determined by counting the acne lesions (comedones, papules and pustules) before drug administration and every second week during the treatment period. Lesions had diminished after 2 weeks in about 35% of the patients. At the end of the treatment period, comedones were eliminated in 47.0% and improved in another 41.4%. Papules were eliminated and improved in 58.2% and 32.6%, pustules in 74.3% and 18.3% respectively. Side-effects (erythema, burning, pruritus, scaling and dryness of the skin) occurred in 203 patients (15.3%). Treatment was stopped in 25 subjects (1.9%) due to intolerance reactions. The results of the present study thus confirm the high efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination observed previously in more selected patients. The fixed combination of tretinoin and erythromycin makes retinoic acid treatment possible even by a general practitioner.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with tretinoin and erythromycin in general practice. 253 92

A 56-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of acne urticata, an intensely pruritic papulopustular eruption. Skin biopsy was nondiagnostic. Touch preparations of individual lesions were remarkable for numerous eosinophils. Peripheral blood count, bone marrow examination, and Philadelphia chromosome positivity confirmed a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. A serum histamine level was markedly elevated. Treatment with hydroxyurea and antihistamines led to resolution of the skin eruption and improvement of the pruritus.
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PMID:Acne urticata associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. 316 8

A questionnaire survey of British tanning salon clients disclosed that immediate side effects occurred more frequently in women using oral contraceptives. 20 questionnaires distributed to each of 146 UV-A lamp tanning salons nationwide in 1985 covered 24 questions on topics such as age, sex and skin type of the respondents, skin conditions such as acne and psoriasis, satisfaction with tan, and side effects including erythema (redness), itching, rash and nausea. Half of the subjects were young women aged 15-30, who had used the sunbed 10 to 100 times (median 20 times). Most sessions lasted 30 minutes. 98% reported that they tanned; 83% claimed they felt more relaxed; 28% complained of itching; 8% had rash or nausea. Among those with side effects, 41% with itching took oral contraceptives, compared to 27% who did not (p.005). 17% of pill users had nausea and 14% got a rash, compared to 10 and 7% of non-pill users, respectively (p.025). 195 or 19% of the 1013 respondents were on the pill. There are several conditions known to predispose to skin reddening, irritation or possibly carcinogenesis: fair skin; idiopathic light sensitivity; use of certain cosmetics or drugs such as antibiotics, antihypertension drugs, or antipsychotic agents.
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PMID:Use of UV-A sunbeds for cosmetic tanning. 373 Feb 79

H2-antagonists differ from the commonly applied antihistamines (H1-antagonists) by blocking a different spectrum of histamine-mediated pharmacologic reactions. Their effects on the skin as the target organ may be stronger, weaker, or even reverse. The main representative of this group of drugs is cimetidine. Other compounds are still in experimental stages. Some controversial effects were reported in urticaria, pruritus, atopic dermatitis, mastocytosis of the skin, and also in acne and psoriasis. With polyetiologic symptoms, as are manifested in cases of urticaria and pruritus, the efficacy of the drug may depend on the underlying disease. In acne and psoriasis, the clinical type and stage of the disease may also play a major role in the outcome of such studies. Experimental and clinical findings suggest that cimetidine has some immunomodulating effect in terms of influencing the delayed type skin hypersensitivity. The intake of cimetidine should be registered in patch testing. Application of H2-antagonists may be beneficial in diseases with reduced immune resistance (generalized mycotic infections). Serious group-specific side-effects of H2-antagonists are not yet known. Several side-effects have been reported following oral intake of cimetidine; however, their frequency seems rather low.
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PMID:[H2-antagonists and possibilities for their therapeutic use in dermatology]. 613 53

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and FDA-approved indications of isotretinoin, a new agent used for treating acne, are reviewed. Isotretinoin is a synthetic retinoid compound with pharmacologic actions similar to those of other retinoids. Isotretinoin's effects on nodulocystic acne lesions apparently result from its reduction of the size of sebaceous glands, inhibition of sebum production, and inhibition of follicular keratinization. Isotretinoin is administered orally; peak serum drug concentrations occur approximately three hours after ingestion. The drug is widely distributed throughout body tissues and metabolized by the liver by oxidation and glucuronidation; both parent drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces. Clinical trials of isotretinoin have shown the drug to be effective in treating cystic or conglobate acne that is unresponsive to therapy with oral or topical antibiotics, topical tretinoin, or topical benzoyl peroxide. Isotretinoin is unique in that acne remission continues after discontinuance of therapy. The most frequent adverse effects involve mucocutaneous tissues and include cheilitis, xerosis, xerostomia, dry nose, epistaxis, and pruritus. Other adverse effects--including some serious ones--have been found rarely in humans or animals receiving isotretinoin. The usual oral dosage of isotretinoin for patients with cystic acne is 1-2 mg/kg/day in two divided doses; administration should continue for 15-20 weeks. Isotretinoin is currently more expensive than other acne treatments. Isotretinoin is an effective agent for treating cystic acne; pending accumulation of further data, its use should be limited to patients with severe conditions that do not respond to older therapies because of isotretinoin's cost and sometimes serious adverse effects.
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PMID:Isotretinoin: new therapy for severe acne. 619 64

Patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated for 10 weeks with either topical clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) twice daily, benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) twice daily, or benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) in the morning and clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) in the evening. The effects of each regimen appeared to vary in decreasing specific types of acne lesions, with the combination therapy showing the greatest decrease when all types of lesions were considered. Cutaneous side-effects were greatest with benzoyl peroxide alone during the early weeks of treatment, while the combination therapy displayed no greater incidence of redness, scaling, or itching than clindamycin phosphate alone. All three regimens produced clinical improvements which did not differ significantly from each other.
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PMID:Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris. 623 42

The systemic complications of therapy with lithium are well known, but toxidermia has only been recognised since 1968. The carbonate (Teralithe) is the lithium salt which is mainly responsible, leading to minor dermatoses: oedema, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, purpura, allergic vasculitis, pretibial ulceration. Some more specific conditions have been individualised by their severity and rarity: acne form eruptions, seborrheic dermatitis, follicular keratoses and psoriasis-like dermatosis as well as true psoriasis induced or aggravated by lithium. The authors review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of these toxidermias. The cause of some dermatoses can be explained, especially the allergic vasculitis and psoriasis lesions. The underlying mechanism of most of these conditions remains unknown, but excessive tissue concentrations of the drug probably play an important role in inducing these complications.
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PMID:[Drug eruptions caused by lithium salts]. 624 39

Fourteen patients with severe, treatment-resistant, nodulocystic acne have been treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid in a double-blind study. The patients were treated with either 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg/day of 13-cis-retinoic acid for 12 weeks. A marked dose-related decrease in sebum production, which was usually evident within 2 weeks of the onset of therapy, was observed in all patients. At a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day of 13-cis-retinoic acid, sebum production was decreased to about 10% of the pretreatment value. Clinical improvement, as judged by counting the nodulocystic lesions and measuring their greatest diameters, was noted in all three groups. The most common clinical side effects were cheilitis, desquamation of the skin, and pruritus, but the side effects were not severe enough to require interruption of treatment. Laboratory abnormalities during therapy were minimal and also did not necessitate the cessation of therapy.
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PMID:The treatment of severe cystic acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Evaluation of sebum production and the clinical response in a multiple-dose trial. 645 37

The purpose of the study presented herein was to determine the safety and efficacy of minocycline in patients whose acne vulgaris failed to respond adequately to tetracycline therapy and to confirm continued improvement in tetracycline-responsive patients when minocycline was substituted for tetracycline. Thirty-six acne vulgaris patients were given oral tetracycline (250 mg four times a day) for six weeks, followed by oral minocycline (50 mg three times a day) for six weeks. An analysis of the increase or decrease in total lesion counts obtained at biweekly intervals revealed that minocycline caused statically significant improvement both in patients who did not respond to tetracycline and in patients who did respond to tetracycline. Patients who did not respond to tetracycline therapy achieved a mean decrease of 54 percent in lesions after after six weeks of minocycline treatment. In tetracycline-responsive patients, six weeks' treatment with tetracycline caused a 33.5 percent mean decrease in the lesion count. When these patients received minocycline for a subsequent six-week period, the mean lesion count decreased by an additional 60 percent. Only one patient developed a side effect: severe itching and urticaria in a minocycline-treated subject warranted discontinuance of therapy. Minocycline was a safe and effective agent in the treatment of acne both in tetracycline-resistant and in tetracycline-responsive patients.
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PMID:Minocycline treatment of tetracycline-resistant and tetracycline-responsive acne vulgaris. 645 86

A stable solution of erythromycin was developed using a vehicle of ethanol, propylene glycol, and citric acid buffer. In a controlled, randomized, double-blind comparison, a 2% solution of erythromycin applied to moderately severe facial acne was found to be superior to the blank vehicle in reducing the number of inflamed papules. During a period of 12 weeks, such papules were reduced by 56% in the erythromycin group, compared with 33% in the blank vehicle group. In the erythromycin group, 62% of the subjects had a good or excellent response, compared with 27% of those in the blank vehicle group. Adverse effects were similar in type in both groups and included redness, scaling, dryness, oiliness, burning, itching, and irritation of the eyes. No allergic reactions or skin infections were encountered.
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PMID:Topical erythromycin vs blank vehicle in a multiclinic acne study. 645 68


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