Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand the antiallergic effect of Artemisia princeps (AP), which has been found to show inhibitory activity against degranulation and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction, eupatilin and jaceosidin, as the active components, were isolated by degranulation-inhibitory activity-guided fractionation, with their antiallergic activity investigated. These isolated components potently inhibited the release of beta-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex, with IC(50) values of 3.4 and 4.5muM, respectively. Eupatilin and jaceosidin potently inhibited the PCA reaction and scratching behaviors induced by IgE- antigen complex and compound 48/80, respectively. Orally administered jaceosidin more potently inhibited the PCA reaction than that of eupatilin, although the PCA reaction-inhibitory activity of intraperitoneally administered jaceosidin was nearly the same as that of eupatilin. Eupatilin and jaceosidin inhibited the gene expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE-antigen complex. Eupatilin and jaceosidin inhibited the activation of NF-kB. Based on these findings, eupatilin and jaceosidin may be useful for protection from the PCA and itching reactions, which are IgE-mediated representative skin allergic diseases.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of eupatilin and jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia princeps in IgE-induced hypersensitivity. 1799 77

The present study was performed to examine whether the leaves of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL (SC), an herb used for the management of various skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD) in Eastern countries, inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice which was induced by repeated application of picryl chloride (PiCl). The efficacy of SC was judged by measurement of skin severity, itching behavior, histological study, serum IgE levels, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in lymph nodes. Oral administration of SC extract to the PiCl-treated NC/Nga mice for 8 weeks (5 d per week) inhibited significantly the development of AD-like skin lesions macroscopically. Histologically, SC inhibited dermatitis changes like hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into epidermis and dermis. The itching behavior and serum IgE level decreased significantly after SC administration. SC administration enhanced IFN-gamma mRNA expression but did not have an effect on IL-4 mRNA expression. These results suggest that SC could inhibit the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice possibly through modulating the Th1/Th2 imbalance by the promoting of Th1 cell response. Thus, SC may be an alternative substance for the management of AD patients.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. 1817 41

Topical steroids and antihistamines are commonly used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, in a substantial number of patients with AD, these treatments are not sufficiently effective. In AD patients, C-fibers in the epidermis increase and sprout, inducing hypersensitivity, which is considered to aggravate the disease. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A), an axon guidance molecule, is a potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth of sensory neurons. To investigate the effect of Sema3A on AD, we administered recombinant Sema3A intracutaneously into the skin lesions of NC/Nga mice, an animal model of AD. Sema3A dose-dependently improved skin lesions and attenuated the scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice. Histological examinations revealed a decrease in: (a) epidermal thickness; (b) the density of invasive nerve fibers in the epidermis; (c) inflammatory infiltrates, including mast cells and CD4+ T cells; and (d) the production of IL-4 in the Sema3A-treated lesions. Because the interruption of the itch-scratch cycle likely contributes to the improvement of the AD-like skin lesions, Sema3A is promising in the treatment of patients with refractory AD, as well as overall itching dermatosis.
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PMID:Semaphorin3A alleviates skin lesions and scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice, an atopic dermatitis model. 1861 13

Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used for suppression of transplant rejection and controlling pruritus in allergic dermatitis in humans, dogs and cats. CsA is known to suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in humans, dogs and experimental mice. However, little is known about the immunomodulating effect of CsA in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CsA on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Real-time PCR analyses with Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated PBMC obtained from 5 cats revealed that the expression of mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IFN- gamma and TNF-alpha was inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, which is capable of detecting IL-2 secreting cells as single spots, revealed that the frequency of IL-2 secreting cells in ConA-stimulated feline PBMC was significantly reduced in the presence of CsA. These results might provide an explanation for the mechanisms of action of CsA in the suppression of transplant rejection and the control of pruritus in cats.
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PMID:Cyclosporine A inhibits transcription of cytokine genes and decreases the frequencies of IL-2 producing cells in feline mononuclear cells. 1898 54

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, affecting 10-20% of children and 2% of adults worldwide. Preventive treatment of AD consists of daily skin hydration and emollient therapy; but the majority of patients still require symptomatic treatment with topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors, both of which may be associated with potential long-term side effects. With increasing evidence supporting the role of skin barrier defects in the pathogenesis of AD, there is also a parallel increase in medications that claim to assist barrier repair. The current review discusses some exciting results with these medications, as well as the challenges that lie ahead of them. While barrier repair treatments offer some promise, there continues to be a need for safer anti-inflammatory medications. Some of these medications under investigation are phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, urocanic acid oxidation products and IL-4/IL-13 receptor blockers. The review also discusses anti-staphylococcal treatments including nanocrystalline silver cream, silver and antimicrobial-coated fabrics, and anti-itch treatments including mu-opiod receptor antagonists, chymase inhibitors and cannabinoid receptor agonists. These medications may become an integral part of AD therapy.
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PMID:Emerging drugs for atopic dermatitis. 1921 4

The antiallergic effect of mangiferin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (family Liliaceae) was measured in vitro and in vivo. Orally and intraperitoneally administered mangiferin potently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex as well as pruritus induced by compound 48/80 in mice. Mangiferin also inhibited the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the IgE-switching cytokine IL-4 as well as transcription factor NF-kappaB activation in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE-antigen complex. These findings suggest that mangiferin may improve PCA reaction and pruritus.
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PMID:Mangiferin inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and pruritus in mice. 1953 81

The role of histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) was investigated in a T-helper type 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated mouse skin inflammation model that mimics several of the features of atopic dermatitis. Treatment with two specific H(4)R antagonists before challenge with FITC led to a significant reduction in ear edema, inflammation, mast cell, and eosinophil infiltration. This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of several cytokines and chemokines in the ear tissue. Upon ex vivo antigen stimulation of lymph nodes, H(4)R antagonism reduced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 levels. One explanation for this finding is that lymph nodes from animals dosed with the H(4)R antagonist, JNJ 7777120, contained a lower number of FITC-positive dendritic cells. The effect of H(4)R antagonism on dendritic cell migration in vivo may be an indirect result of the reduction in tissue cytokines and chemokines or a direct effect on chemotaxis. In addition to anti-inflammatory effects, JNJ 7777120 also significantly inhibited the pruritus shown in the model. Therefore, the dual effects of H(4)R antagonists on pruritus and Th2-cell-mediated inflammation point to their therapeutic potential for the treatment of Th2-mediated skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:The histamine H4 receptor mediates inflammation and pruritus in Th2-dependent dermal inflammation. 1990 32

To evaluate the antiallergic effect of fermented Ixeris sonchifolia (IS, family Compositae), we prepared IS Kimchi, isolated Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from it, fermented IS with these LAB, and investigated their antiallergic effects. IS Kimchi more potently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by an IgE-antigen complex as well as the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or histamine than IS. When IS was fermented with LAB isolated from IS Kimchi, its antiallergic effects was also increased. Of LAB used for fermentation, Lactobacillus brevis more potently increased the antiallergic effects. Its main constituents, chlorogenic acid and luteolin potently inhibited PCA reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex as well as pruritus induced by compound 48/80 or histamine. These constituents inhibited the expression of proinflammatory and allergic cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-4, and transcription factor, NF-kappaB, activation induced by IgE-antigen complex in RBL-2H3 cells, as well as the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by an IgE-antigen complex. Luteolin more potently inhibited these allergic reactions than chlorogenic acid. These findings suggest that antiallergic effect of IS can be increased by LAB fermentation and fermented IS might improve allergic reactions, such as pruritus, anaphylaxis, and inflammation.
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PMID:Anti-allergic effects of fermented Ixeris sonchifolia and its constituent in mice. 2013 55

To understand anti-allergic effect of Curcuma aromatica (family Zingerberaceae), which inhibited passive cutenous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in preliminary study, we isolated its main constituents, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and investigated their inhibitory effects against PCA reaction and scratching behavior. These curcuminoids inhibited the PCA reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex (IAC) and the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80. These curcuminoids also inhibited degranulation, protein expression of TNF-alpha and IL-4, and transcription factor NF-kappaB activation in IAC-induced RBL-2H3 cells. Of these curcuminoids, curcumin exhibited the most potent inhibition, followed by demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. These findings suggest that curcuminoids, particularly curcumin, can improve the symptoms of allergic diseases, such as anaphylaxis and itching.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of curcuminoids on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and scratching behavior in mice. 2016 8

CTLA-4 (CD152) is a regulatory molecule in the immune system fundamentally important for the inhibition of T cell activity that is mediated by an unknown mechanism. Here we demonstrate similarities of CTLA-4 and Itch deficient mice and that CTLA-4 deficient T cells show a massive reduction in the overall ubiquitination of proteins. CTLA-4-mediated signal transduction leads to increased de-phosphorylation and therefore activation of the ubiquitin ligase Itch and enhanced ubiquitination of the Itch target molecule JunB. The knock-down of Itch completely abolishes the inhibitory effect of CTLA-4-mediated signal transduction on mRNA accumulation of IFN-gamma and IL-4. These results show that CTLA-4 mediates signals via the activation of the ubiquitin ligase Itch probably leading to the enhanced ubiquitination of Itch target molecules resulting in inhibition of T cell activity.
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PMID:CTLA-4 (CD152) inhibits T cell function by activating the ubiquitin ligase Itch. 2041 62


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