Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new antihistamine, HC20-511 (Sandoz), was compared with Dimetinden (Fenistil retard) in a single-blind comparative study in 42 patients with dermatoses, 28 of whom suffered from chronic urticaria. HC20-511 had a better effect, especially in chronic urticaria, where pruritus, erythema and papules quickly disappeared. The effect appeared somewhat faster than and lasted as long as that of Dimetinden, although HC20-511 is not a retard-preparation unlike the Dimetinden preparation used for comparison. HC20-511 also caused less side effects.
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PMID:A new antihistamine hc20-511 compared with dimetinden (fenistil retard) in the treatment of chronic urticaria and other pruritic dermatoses. 23 17

The cause of urticaria and angioedema often is difficult to ascertain. In most cases the conditions are transient, but a chronic idiopathic form does occur and may be intractable. Acute urticaria and angioedema usually result from an IgE-mediated mechanism; success in treatment depends on recognition of the underlying factor. Chronic urticaria may ultimately necessitate use of corticosteroids. Hereditary angioedema is easily differentiated from idiopathic angioedema by the family history and absence of pruritus.
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PMID:Urticaria and angioedema. Common clinical problems. 42 57

Considering the high incidence of chronic urticaria among female patients and the frequent difficulty in identifying the etiologic factor of factors the author decided to investigate the possible role of Candida albicans and other yeasts usually found as contaminants in certain foods and beverages or purposely cultivated for industrial products, as the sensitizing agents leading to the clinical picture of chronic urticaria. One hundred female patients with urticaria which had persisted for more than 6 weeks were selected and investigated, disregarding those with dermographism or cholinergic and cold urticaria. Aside from a careful history and laboratory tests to complement the physical examination that could rule out chronic bacterial infectious foci, intestinal parasitic infestation and thyroid disorders, intradermal skin tests with standard doses of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other common environmental and food allergens were done. The patients' age ranged from 4 to 70 years. The skin tests sites were examined for Type I reactions at 15 and 20 minutes; for Type III reactions at 8 and 12 hours; and for Type IV reactions at 48 and 72 hours. When tested with Candida albicans antigen, 35% had Type I/III reactions and 60% presented Type IV reaction. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae antigen was used for testing, 29% had Type I/III reactions and none presented Type IV. Forty-nine of the sixty patients who presented Type IV reaction to Candida albicans had in the past significant vaginal discharge (or vaginal symptoms: burning, itching) that obliged the patients to consult a gynecologist, but only ten had stained smears and cultures from the vaginal secretions and four were told to have a monilia vaginal infection confirmed by the microbiological tests, although forty of them received Nistatin therapy at the time of the gynecological complaints. At the time the patients were seen by the allergist, complaining about urticaria, only four had symptoms and signs of monilia infection and were confirmed by culture: one presented oral moniliasis following broad-spectrum antibiotic, two had vaginal moniliasis developing right after their menstrual period; one had intestinal and cutaneous manifestations (perineal and crural) developing also after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. All the four patients had exacerbation of the urticaria while undergoing the monilia infection. After 1-2 weeks of elimination diet, each patient was challenged with yeasts-containing foods (bread, buns, sausages, beer, wines, grapes, cheese, vinegar, tomato catsup). Twenty-five patients (71%) of the group who positively reacted with a Type I/III reaction when tested with Candida antigen, showed a positive provocation test (reappearance of urticaria) and twenty patients (69%) of the group who reacted with Saccharomyces had a positive challenge test...
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PMID:[Hypersensitivity to "Candida albicans" and other fungi in patients with chronic urticaria]. 77 52

A controlled, cross-over trial was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of oxatomide vs disodium chromoglycate (DSCG) for treating food allergy and intolerance. Twenty patients (15F, 5M; mean age 36.6 years), with chronic urticaria (twelve patients) or eczema (eight patients) caused by food allergy (ten cases) or food intolerance (ten cases), were treated with oxatomide (60 mg/day in a single evening administration) and with DSCG (2000 mg/day) for six weeks. The two treatments were separated by a 3-week wash-out period. All the patients completed the trial. During the treatment, both drugs succeeded in controlling the symptoms. With oxatomide, the wheals totally disappeared from 75% of the patients (p = 0.00135), the eczematous lesions disappeared from 64% (p = 0.056), and the itching from 70% (p = 0.00012); the figures for DSCG were 33%, 50% (p = 0.038) and 50%, respectively. Both drugs were well tolerated and there was no need to discontinue the treatment of any of the patients.
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PMID:Controlled study of oxatomide vs disodium chromoglycate for treating adverse reactions to food. 135 63

The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist claimed to have minimal sedative property was evaluated in 28 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Cetirizine 10 mg and placebo were compared in a double-blind cross-over trial. Response was measured by patients with daily charts on itch and wheals. Response was also assessed by patients and investigators while on cetirizine and placebo on an analogue scale. The mean analogue score by the investigator while on cetirizine (64.6 mm) was better than while on placebo (47.0 mm) (p = 0.008). Reduction of itch with cetirizine was significantly greater than with placebo. The mean itch scores for placebo and cetirizine were 21.2 and 14.5 respectively (p = 0.01) showing a significant improvement of itch by cetirizine. The mean score for wheal response for placebo and cetirizine were 21.0 and 16.16 respectively (p = 0.07 NS) showing a reduction of wheal from cetirizine was greater than placebo but the difference was not statistically significant. The patients' mean visual analogue score for placebo was 38.4 and for cetirizine was 57.5 (p = 0.006). Cetirizine was significantly better in controlling symptoms of chronic urticaria than placebo. Five of the 28 (17.9%) patients reported mild drowsiness while taking cetirizine. Two patients reported drowsiness while on placebo. Tolerance was reported as good in 85%, moderate in 10% and bad in 5% according to patients' assessment, while tolerance was excellent and good in 80%, moderate in 15% of patients according to investigator's assessment.
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PMID:Cetirizine vs placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria--a double blind randomised cross-over study. 168 78

Second-generation H1 receptor antagonists (cetirizine, terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine, azelastine, and acrivastine) offer several important advantages over the older first-generation antihistamines. They are substantially less sedating and have little or no anticholinergic activity. Many of them are effective for 12 to 24 hours, thereby increasing compliance. In addition to acting as competitive inhibitors of histamine, several seem to have other antiallergic mechanisms as well. They are all absorbed well when taken orally. Many studies demonstrate their effectiveness compared with placebo in the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis and chronic urticaria, and several studies suggest that they have a role in the treatment of bronchial asthma. A number of multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies comparing the effectiveness of terfenadine, 60 mg bid, with chlorpheniramine, 8 mg bid, in seasonal allergic rhinitis demonstrate that both drugs are approximately equally potent in reducing the symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching and are statistically significantly better than placebo. Ocular symptoms were reduced somewhat less but still significantly. No differences from placebo were recorded in their effect on nasal congestion. The effectiveness of cetirizine, 10 mg once daily, compared with astemizole, 10 mg once daily, was measured in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. These studies also demonstrate statistically significant benefit from the study drugs compared with placebo in relieving all nasal symptoms except congestion. Both drugs also relieved ocular pruritus. Fewer studies have assessed azelastine, acrivastine, and loratadine, but all have been shown to provide significant relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis compared with placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative efficacy of H1 antihistamines. 168 23

The effects of oral cetirizine on spontaneous and provoked urticaria were evaluated in two studies. In a double-blind crossover trial, 30 patients with idiopathic urticaria received 10 or 20 mg of cetirizine or placebo. Cetirizine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the incidence of erythema, wheals, and pruritus. No serious side effects were reported. In the second study of ten patients with chronic urticaria, immediate and delayed reactions to injected autologous serum, histamine, kallikrein, and synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF)-acether were inhibited by 10 mg of cetirizine. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of cetirizine may involve inhibition of PAF-induced influx of eosinophils.
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PMID:Cetirizine in the treatment of chronic urticaria. 182 14

Thirty-four dermatology out-patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and 34 with idiopathic generalized pruritus were investigated using standardized self-assessment psychological questionnaires to determine the incidence of significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. These patients were compared with age- and sex-matched but otherwise unselected general dermatology out-patients. Using the Beck depression inventory, significantly more patients with generalized pruritus (32.4%) had depressive symptomatology (score greater than 14) than controls (13.2%, P less than 0.05). Although more patients with chronic urticaria had depressive symptomatology (14.7%) than controls (4.4%), the difference was not statistically significant. Using the Speilberger state-trait anxiety inventory there were no significant differences between the patients with pruritus or urticaria and their controls with respect to state or trait anxiety scores above the upper 90% probability limit for the general population. Thus, significant depression may be expected in a substantial proportion of patients with idiopathic generalized pruritus but in a relatively small proportion of those with chronic urticaria.
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PMID:Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic urticaria and generalized pruritus. 226 93

Forty patients with chronic urticaria were treated with terfenadine or astemizole in a randomized double-blind study. The intensity of the symptoms was quantified and documented daily by the patients. Both antihistamines had a clear effect on the intensity of the pruritus and the severity of the wheals. Neither astemizole nor terfenatine produced any sedative side effects.
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PMID:Comparative study of astemizole and terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. A randomized double-blind study of 40 patients. 256 98

The objective of this double-blind study, which is part of a multicenter study, was to determine whether terfenadine (120 mg once daily) has similar efficacy and tolerability to the standard dosage of 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to two parallel groups and treated for 2 weeks with either regimen. Evaluation of efficacy was based on rating scales for investigator and patient. Primary endpoints were itch, number of wheals, wheal size, and the overall rating of efficacy. A similar improvement was seen in all variables. There were no statistically significant differences between groups. Both treatments were well tolerated.
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PMID:Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine administered once daily versus twice daily in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. 257 89


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