Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was carried on 129 women of 16-62 age group, with complaints of vaginal discharge, genital itching and soreness, dysuria and pollakiuria. Endocervical specimens were investigated for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) antigen by ELISA. Risk factors for several gynecologic and obstetric pathologies and the role of C. trachomatis in mucopurulent cervicitis were emphasized. C. trachomatis antigen was found to be positive in 9 (7%) specimens. We concluded that, in cases of cervicitis, especially to prevent complications and social problems, the presence of C. trachomatis should also be investigated in addition to several viral, bacterial and fungal agents.
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PMID:[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in cases of cervicitis and patients with vaginal discharge]. 826 45

Legislation of the control of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in the Federal Republic of Germany covers neither the complete spectrum of venereal diseases nor all population groups of high risk. We therefore investigated not only the classic STD but also some other STD, i.e. by serologic methods syphilis, HIV infection, hepatitis A, B, C, and herpes simplex genitalis, and by microbiological methods gonococci, chlamydiae, trichomonas, genital mycoplasmas, A-streptococci, B-streptococci, gram-negative enteric bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, staphylococci, listerias and yeasts. The cohorts of women living mainly monogamously and these of prostitutes were compared. They show some differences: There are remarkable differences in the prevalence of clinical symptoms, i.e. vaginal discharge, rubor, pruritus, and genital warts, between the two cohorts and depending on the season. Fluor, rubor, and pruritus were more frequently observed in mainly monogamous women than in prostitutes. Furthermore, the causative organisms of STD were isolated in different frequencies depending on the season particularly from mainly monogamous women. Furthermore, their frequencies depend on the age of the women. Gonococci, chlamydiae, trichomonas, genital mycoplasmas, B-streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly more isolated from prostitutes than from mainly monogamous women. But, on the other hand, candida and gram-negative enterobacteria are significantly more common in mainly monogamous women than in prostitutes. There are some correlations between clinical symptoms and organisms. The prevalence of syphilis, HIV-infection, hepatitis A, B, and C in the prostitutes were 7, 0.4, 3.5, 15, and 1.6%, respectively. The most intriguing observation is the decreasing incidence of causative organisms of STD in prostitutes during the three years of study. This phenomenon promises an improvement of the health standard of prostitutes by regular medical, microbiological, serological check-ups without charge.
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PMID:[Comparative clinical, microbiologic and serologic studies of the incidence of genital and para-genital infections in prostitutes and women with mainly monogamous relations]. 828 96

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an uniform, malodorous, white-grey discharge. The presenting symptom is generally the unpleasant smell of the vaginal discharge, particularly following the menses or intercourse. Other functional signs, such as pruritus, dysuria and dyspareunia are rare. Inflammatory signs are frequent, and can be revealed by colposcopy with the Lugol test: this shows punctuate colpitis with small regular points corresponding histologically to an inflammatory focus in the connective tissue. The term "vaginitis" is avoided because of the absence of polymorphonuclear cells in the vaginal discharge, despite the presence of inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis has been held responsible for prematurity, small birthweight and post-partum infection. Nonetheless, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus spp can be recovered from the vaginal flora of women with no signs of inflammation.
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PMID:[Clinical and colposcopic aspects of bacterial vaginosis]. 848 87

Vulvovaginal pain, itching, and burning are a triad of symptoms for which women frequently seek health care. Often accompanied by vaginal discharge and dysuria, these symptoms account for as many as 5 million office visits a year. Proper assessment and management of these symptoms by nurses, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives can help to substantially improve a woman's quality of life and help prevent long-term problems. Several differing syndromes or infections can be the cause of these symptoms. The most common causes are discussed, and a plan for management and prevention is presented.
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PMID:Common genitourinary infections. 855 72

174 women with vaginal candidosis confirmed by direct microscopic examination were treated with a single intravaginal fenticonazole nitrate capsule. One third received a second intravaginal capsule three days later. Fenticonazole nitrate cream was also applied daily on the vulvar area in 94.2% of cases. Efficacy was excellent. After one week improvement and complete healing rates were 88% and 80%, respectively. On the second day of treatment pruritus and burning abated in 78% and 85% of women. Mycologic cure demonstrated by microscopic examination was obtained in 92% of cases. Treatment acceptance and tolerance were rated good or excellent by 98% and 92% of patients. Absence of abnormal vaginal discharge due to vaginal capsule was considered as an advantage by women. Results of this trial performed on a large number of patients confirm that product efficacy is fast.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the time response of a single dose administration of fenticonazole nitrate]. 870 23

67 women with chronic recurrent or persistent vaginal candidosis between 5-79 years of age were seen in our outdoor department. In 34 cases, yeasts could be isolated in a vaginal swab taken at the first consultation. On average the patients reported 5 episodes per year during the last years. Typical symptoms consisted of pruritus vulvae, local inflammation and a curdy vaginal discharge. Nearly all of the women had received local or systemic antimycotic treatment for several times. In 53% (18 patients), C. albicans had been isolated, in 29% (10 patients) C. glabrata and in 9% (3 patients) C. krusei. While candidosis due to C. albicans and C. krusei was frequently associated with distressing complaints, infections with C. glabrata caused only very few symptoms. Independent of the species, severe and persistent infections were characterized by long term persisting specific IgM-antibody-titers and remarkable lack of IgG-antibodies. The laboratory parameters of WBC, CRP and immunelectrophoresis were normal. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 60 Candida strains against fluconacole were determined by microdilution assay. The MIC for C. albicans (n = 35) were between 0.78 and 3.125 micrograms/ml, for C. glabrata (n = 20) between 8 and 32 micrograms/ml and for C. krusei (n = 5) between 25 and 128 micrograms/ml. In 7 cases, local antimycotic treatment was sufficient. Correlating to the sensitivity, 18 women were treated with 100-800 mg fluconacole/d for 10-20 days. In 13 of them, clearance of symptoms and yeasts was achieved. The treatment of fluconacole-resistant strains with itraconazole (100-200 ml/d for 10-20 days) together with local application of nystatin (2 x 1 Mio. IE for 10 days) was without any effect. Three women with C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei infection received a candidin-vaccination (0.005 BE/ml-500 BE/ml). In all of these cases, production of IgM-antibodies was induced. However, the clinical symptoms could not be influenced. Only in two cases it was not possible to reach a clearance of symptoms and yeasts. The results show the benefit of a precise differentiation before therapy. Serologic controls of antibody titers seem to be useful tools to control the efficacy of treatment.
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PMID:[Prerequisites for effective therapy of chronic recurrent vaginal candidiasis]. 876 74

Urogenital symptoms associated with estrogen loss can occur episodically throughout a woman's life (e.g. during lactation, during treatment with GnRH agonists, etc.) but it is most common and chronic in duration in postmenopausal women. More than 50% of postmenopausal women experience lack of vaginal lubrication and frequent vaginal infections [1]. These urogenital complaints were associated with a diminished frequency of all forms of sexual behaviour. Complaints associated with urogenital ageing include vaginal dryness, irritation and pressure, vaginal discharge and infection, vulvo-vaginal pruritus, dyspareunia, post-coital bleeding, urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Although these symptoms have affected women for centuries, they are now becoming more widely recognized by health professionals and society in general because of the increased life expectancy, the acceptance of open discussion of this topic, and the advent of effective therapy. Urogenital ageing is a public health issue because of its high prevalence and because early detection and pharmacological intervention may prevent the development of serious conditions such as uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence. Although systemic hormone replacement therapy is frequently used for the treatment of urogenital atrophy, recent attention has also focused on local delivery of estrogen to the affected urogenital tissue. In this era of fiscal constraint, intervention to maintain urogenital health by the use of estrogen must be considered for all postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Urogenital ageing: an old problem newly recognized. 877 70

During 1992-1993 in 12 rural health centers in Mwanza region, Tanzania, a baseline survey was conducted of 964 women attending a prenatal clinic to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to evaluate various screening methods to identify those infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Only 2.7% had ever used condoms. 66% had symptoms (vaginal discharge, genital itching, lower abdominal pain, painful or difficult urination, difficult or painful intercourse) associated with genital tract infection. 37% had abnormal vaginal discharge. 39% had a laboratory-confirmed STD. 49% had a reproductive tract infection. 10.1% had syphilis. 8.4% had gonorrhea and/or chlamydia. Sociodemographic factors associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia included age less than 25 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2), unmarried status (OR = 3.2;), polygamous marriage (OR = 2.3), last child born more than 5 years earlier (OR = 3.2), and more than 1 sexual partner during the last year (OR = 1.7). When the researchers adjusted for these factors, the only signs or symptoms associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia were painful intercourse (OR = 2.1; p 0.02) and cervical discharge (OR = 3.2; p 0.06). The syndromic approach (based on vaginal discharge and/or genital itching and other symptoms related to the genital tract but not necessarily indicative of gonorrhea/chlamydia in pregnancy) had a higher sensitivity than the recommended syndromic approach based only on vaginal discharge and/or genital itching (72% vs. 43%). The risk score approach based on sociodemographic and other factors associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia infection had a higher sensitivity and lower cost/true case treated than other approaches. Yet, its positive predictive value was no greater than about 20%. A combination of case management using the World Health Organization syndromic approach for women with self-recognized genital infections together with screening for gonorrhea/chlamydia using a score-driven approach may be the most cost-effective approach to diagnosing and treating STDs.
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PMID:Risk assessment and other screening options for gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections in women attending rural Tanzanian antenatal clinics. 884 88

An assessment of gynecological morbidity among 385 married mothers of children 6-12 months of age from a district in South India's Karnataka State revealed a high burden of reproductive tract infections. Research methods included clinical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reports. A total of 152 women reported 226 gynecological complaints to a social worker, primarily vaginal discharge with bad odor and itching or irritation (22%), lower abdominal pain or vaginal discharge with fever (16%), and menstrual bleeding disorders or pain (15%). Under more extensive probing by a gynecologist, the proportion of women reporting menstrual problems rose to 62%. At medical examination, 36% of women had at least one clinically diagnosed reproductive tract infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease (11%), cervical ectopy (10%), and genital prolapse (3%). More than half had endogenous infections. The two most common infections, identified by laboratory tests, were bacterial vaginosis (18%) and mucopurulent cervicitis (37%). Sexually transmitted diseases, primarily trichomonal vaginalis, were diagnosed in 10%. Women residing in town, those with 6 or more years of schooling, and women with 4 or more pregnancies were significantly more likely to report menstrual problems. Laboratory-detected vaginosis was significantly higher among urban and sterilized women. There were no significant associations between demographic/socioeconomic status variables and the other reproductive health problems analyzed. Finally, severe anemia was present in 17% and chronic energy deficiency in 12%. The combination of widespread undernutrition/malnutrition and reproductive tract infections revealed in this study indicates an urgent need to take steps to implement the reproductive health strategy outlined at the 1994 Cairo Conference in South India.
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PMID:Levels and determinants of gynecological morbidity in a district of south India. 921 30

This is a study of 189 women attending a family planning clinic in rural South Africa to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections. Genital samples were taken from these women to diagnose infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and HIV, and to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Among the 189 women, 41 (22%) reported having had an STD treated in the preceding 12 months. By direct questioning, 74 women stated the following symptoms: genital itch -- 38 (20%); vaginal discharge -- 56 (30%); dysuria -- 33 (18%); dyspareunia -- 22 (12%); and genital ulcers -- 4 (2%). 45 (24%) women had more than one symptom. 119 (63%) women had at least one genital infection, and 49 (26%) had multiple infections. Most of the infections were asymptomatic; while those that were symptomatic, were unrecognized or not reported. Results showed a high prevalence of genital tract infection among the participating women, with most of their infections remaining asymptomatic or unrecognized. Thus, strategies to detect and treat genital tract infections in rural South Africa need to be developed.
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PMID:Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognised genital tract infections? 958 84


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