Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In our clinic, as a rule, we do not treat vaginal condylomata. They are usually subclinical and asymptomatic. When atypia is present on biopsy, they should be treated in the same manner as vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. When vaginal discharge and pruritus are present, infection should be searched for and treated. When condylomata are seen with the naked eye, colposcopy has shown that there were many more, too small to be seen, so that local therapy seems a waste of time. If on colposcopic examination only a few condyloma acuminata are located, then therapy is defendable. CO2 laser therapy should be preferred to other modalities until a systemic treatment is available and safe.
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PMID:Vaginal condylomata: a human papillomavirus infection. 627 36

Among the female patients attending the out patient clinic of the Obstetric Service of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela a hundred were chosen who presented vaginal discharge and itching. The presence of C. albicans and the existence of candidiasis in the vulvo-vagina of the 100 pregnant women was investigated. Those patients where candidiasis was found, were also investigated as to the simultaneous presence of C. albicans in the mouth and the anal skin. Gyno-Pevaryl therapy was performed by administering one 150 mg ovule daily for three consecutive days. At the same time, their partners were treated with Pevaryl 1% cream. The post-therapy control was made 36 hours after conclusion of treatment and further check-up were made one week and two weeks later. Only those patients who attended the post-treatment controls were taken into account for the evaluation of the results. C. albicans was identified in 60 cases by nascent culture of the vulvar secretions, using a bile-agar medium. Of these, 50 had vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (hyphae and blastospores on direct examination). 92% of the women with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis complained about pruritus at the moment of the examination. No significant differences were observed with respect to the age, the period of gestation and parity of the positive and negative patients. Of the 40 patients who attended only the first control, 23 were cured (57.5%), 9 improved (22.5%) and 8 (20%) were not cured. The cure rate increased to 70% and 72.5% taking into account those patients, who also attended the second and the third consecutive treatment sessions, respectively. In those patients suffering from vulvo-vaginal candidiasis, 37.5% were found to be carriers of C. albicans in the mouth and 70% also in the anal region. This seems to indicate that the mouth and the anal region can constitute the source of re-infection in the majority of the cases following topical vaginal treatment.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of econazole on pregnant women with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis]. 634 82

The symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings for 69 women who were seen at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and who had acute urinary tract infection (UTI) were compared with those for women who had vaginitis, gonorrhea, or chlamydial infection. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the two most common causes of acute cystitis in this population and accounted for 62 (90%) of 69 infections. Forty-three percent of the women had positive tests for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB), an observation implying renal infection although symptoms of upper tract infection were infrequent. Frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic tenderness were significantly associated with cystitis, whereas vaginal discharge and vulvar itching were associated with vaginitis. There was, however, considerable overlap in symptoms among the four groups of women, and their accurate differentiation required objective information based upon pelvic examination, examination of vaginal fluid, and urinalysis. In the absence of vaginitis on wet mount and mucopurulent cervicitis on examination, pyuria, as determined by examination of centrifuged urine, had an 88% sensitivity, 76% specificity, 61% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value for acute UTI. Because of the high prevalence of positive ACB tests and the possibility that infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be mistaken for cystitis, we prefer a five- to seven-day course of antibiotics over single-dose therapy for treatment of patients with possible UTI in the setting of an STD clinic.
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PMID:Urinary tract infection among women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. 654 11

Nonspecific vaginitis was present in 37% of 40 patients attending the Special Urology (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Clinic at the Victoria General Hospital, in 23% of 75 patients attending the Family Planning Clinic, and in 23% of 13 patients attending the Prenatal Clinic at the Grace Maternity Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The mean prevalence was 27%. Subjective complaints of vaginal odor were significantly associated with nonspecific vaginitis (P less than .001), but symptoms of vaginal discharge or vulvar irritation and itching were not. No correlations were found between the presence of nonspecific vaginitis and the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, or vaginal yeast species. The organic acid present in vaginal washings that best correlated with the presence of nonspecific vaginitis was succinic acid.
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PMID:Nonspecific vaginitis and other genital infections in three clinic populations. 664 45

Vaginal exudates were taken from 600 new patients of the gyneco -obstetrics outpatient clinic. Candida was isolated from 261 patients, 134 (22.3%) of which had this yeast as a component of the normal flora, and in 127 (21.2%) it was considered as a pathogen. The most frequent symptoms in the last group were vaginal discharge, erythema and pruritus. Pregnancy was the most frequent opportunistic factor, followed by the association of pregnancy and malnutrition, and anemia. Vaginal candidosis was more frequent in patients of the medium socio-economical stratum. The species of Candida isolated were C. albicans (67.7%), C. tropicalis (18.8%), C. stellatoidea (8.7%), C. pseudotropicalis (2.4%), C. parakrusei (1.6%) and C. guillermondi (0.8%).
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PMID:Vaginal candidosis. Opportunistic factors and clinical correlation in 600 patients. 673 68

Three hundred and thirty pregnant Black antenatal patients with symptomatic vaginal discharge were assessed. There appeared to be no correlation between the symptoms (pruritus, burning, amount of discharge and appearance) and the expected diagnosis. The common organisms Trichomonas vaginalis, Haemophilus vaginalis, Candida albicans and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were evaluated. It was also noted that a large number of patients (54%) had negative cultures although their complaints were similar to those of patients with positive cultures.
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PMID:Vaginal discharge in the black pregnant patient: an evaluation of the relationship between symptomatology and diagnosis. 677 52

Two hundred four female subjects symptomatic and asymptomatic for genitourinary disease were evaluated for Candida vaginitis. All were questioned regarding the presence or absence of a variety of symptoms related to the genitourinary system, including vaginal discharge, its color, if present, pruritus, dysuria, and the like. Additionally, all subjects were cultured for Candida by use of Sabouraud agar. Thirty-six subjects demonstrated cultures positive for Candida. Of 36 totally asymptomatic subjects, 4 had positive cultures, yielding a prevalence (18 percent) and asymptomatic positive rate (11 percent) consistent with those reported in the literature. All genitourinary symptoms individually and in combinations proved to be very poor predictors of the presence of Candida on culture. The study concludes that the diagnosis of Candida vaginitis cannot be made based on symptoms alone. A suggestion describing the office workup of Candida vaginitis is presented.
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PMID:How useful are symptoms in the diagnosis of Candida vaginitis? 682 29

Two hundred twenty-six consecutive women attending an inner-city clinic for sexually transmitted diseases were evaluated. Problem-directed histories and physical examinations were conducted and vaginal specimens for wet preparation and Trichomonas vaginalis culture were obtained from each patient. One hundred patients were found to be infected. Patients with multiple sex partners were found to be at increased risk of trichomoniasis (P less than .05). Those with abnormal discharge noted on examination had a higher frequency of positive cultures for T vaginalis (P less than .001). Only 50% of patients with trichomoniasis had an abnormal discharge. Patients with greater than 10 white blood cells per high power field on wet preparation, regardless of whether trichomonads were visualized, had a higher incidence of trichomoniasis (P less than .01). Factors that were not associated with Trichomonas infection included patient age, frequency of coitus, date of most recent coitus, day of menstrual cycle on which patient was examined, recent antibiotic use, use of contraceptives or specific contraceptive methods, symptoms of discharge or pruritus, or the finding of Leptothrix on wet preparation. These data support the contention that the classic description of trichomoniasis cannot be uniformly relied upon for diagnosis, but that patients with multiple sex partners, abnormal vaginal discharge and/or greater than 10 white blood cells per high power field on wet preparation are at increased risk of infection by T vaginalis.
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PMID:The clinical diagnosis of trichomoniasis. 689 68

To determine the effects of an estrogen-progestogen therapy in surgically castrated women, a double-blind crossover study was conducted using as sample 49 women (mean age, 46.2 + or - 8.9 years) who had undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The patients were given ethinyl estradiol 50 ug/day, norgestrel 250 ug/day, combination of ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel (Nordiol) and placebo. Initial and monthly assessment of patients included a semi-structured interview detailing frequency and intensity of certain clinical features, psychological tests, and measurement of weight and blood pressure. The combination pill therapy resulted in increased oiliness of skin. It also significantly increased mastalgia and breast size during the 1st 2 months of therapy. Lack of significant effects on complaints such as pruritus vulvae, vaginal discharge or dyspareunia may be due to short time interval of each drug regimen. Longer periods may be required for atrophic changes to develop. Significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure during study period may be due to initial anxiety. Further research with longer periods of hormone administration should be done.
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PMID:Some clinical effects of oestrogen-progestogen therapy in surgically castrated women. 740 84

Focus in this discussion of the pharmacology of gynecology is on the following: vaginal infections; genital herpes; genital warts; pelvic inflammatory disease; urinary infections; pruritus vulvae; menstrual problems; infertility; oral contraception; and hormone replacement therapy. Doctors in England working in Local Authority Family Planning Clinics are debarred from prescribing, and any patient with a vaginal infection has to be referred either to a special clinic or to her general practitioner which is often preferable as her medical history will be known. Vaginal discharge is a frequent complaint, and it is necessary to obtain full details. 1 of the most common infections is vaginal candidosis. Nystatin pessaries have always been a useful 1st-line treatment and are specific for this type of infection. Trichomonas infection also occurs frequently and responds well to metronidazole in a 200 mg dosage, 3 times daily for 7 days. It is necessary to treat the consort at the same time. Venereal diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea always require vigorous treatment. Patients are now presenting with herpes genitalis far more often. The only treatment which is currently available, and is as good as any, is the application of warm saline to the vaginal area. Genital warts may be discovered on routine gynecological examination or may be reported to the doctor by the patient. 1 application of a 20% solution of podophyllum, applied carefully to each wart, usually effects a cure. Pelvic inflammatory disease seems to be on the increase. Provided any serious disease is ruled out a course of systemic antibiotics is often effective. Urinary infections are often seen in the gynecologic clinic, and many of these will respond well to 2 tablets of co-trimoxazole, 2 times daily for 14 days. In pruritus vulvae it is important to determine whether the cause is general or local. Menstrual problems regularly occur and have been increased by the IUD and the low-dose progesterone pill. Infertility necessitates investigation. It is helpful to use the temperature chart method to determine whether the patient is ovulating. Oral contraception merits only passing mention, i.e., the introduction of a new sequential pill containing ethynloestradiol and levonorgestrol. There is always the question of a possible relationship between long-term OC use and the development of endometrial cancer. There are certain definite indications for hormone replacement therapy, i.e., hot flushes, sweating and atrophic vaginitis.
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PMID:The pharmacology of gynaecology. 744 23


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