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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The term glossodynia refers to all conditions with pain and dysaesthesia of the tongue and entire oral mucosa manifesting themselves in burning, prickling, itching, stinging, and other frequently bizarre sensations as well as subjective xerostomia and bad taste. In most cases psychiatric diseases are the cause of the complex of complaints whereas local and general disorders are of only minor importance. Menopausal women with atypical depression are most often affected. Schizophrenia and abnormal personality development are far less frequent in glossodynia. After exclusion or therapy of organic disorders antidepressants are the treatment of choice in glossodynia. Thereapeutic difficulties may arise in patients suffering from marked xerostomia whose complaints may intensify during therapy because of the anticholinergic effect of most antidepressants, and in neurotic persons.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects of glossodynia (author's transl)]. 67 25

Similar complaints these found in cases of denture incompatibility (itching of palate and tongue, dry mouth, sores in the mouth as well as other unpleasant sensations) may be observed in many disorders of internal medicine. Therefore considerable difficulties are often involved in the differential diagnostic considerations and delimination of such complaints.
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PMID:[The patient's intolerance of dentures from the internal medicine veiwpoint]. 110 8

The efficacy and safety of a new non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine (Clarityn, CAS 79794-75-5) 10 mg q.d., was compared to the classical antihistamine, hydroxyzine 25 mg t.i.d. and placebo in a 4-week (optional 12 week) randomized, double-blind, multi-center study in 203 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Efficacy evaluations included weekly physician and patient assessments of pruritus, overall disease condition, and therapeutic response to treatment. Loratadine and hydroxyzine were significantly more effective than placebo and clinically comparable to each other as measured by all efficacy evaluations at each visit. Loratadine was safe and well tolerated with sedation and dry mouth similar to placebo and significantly less than hydroxyzine.
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PMID:Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria. 144 78

The effectiveness of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) as preanesthetic medication was compared with oral meperidine, diazepam, and atropine (MDA) in 40 pediatric patients scheduled to undergo repair of congenital heart defects. In a double-blinded manner, patients received a fentanyl lollipop (20-25 micrograms/kg) and a placebo oral solution (0.4 ml/kg) (n = 20) or a placebo lollipop and an oral solution (0.4 ml/kg) of meperidine (1.5 mg/kg), diazepam (0.2 mg/kg), and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) (n = 20). The patient's vital signs, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), as well as activity and apprehension scores were evaluated and recorded at baseline and at 10-min intervals. The patient's emotional status at the time of parental separation and at induction of anesthesia were also assessed. Side effects and onset of action were observed. After OTFC, onset of sedation was significantly faster than with the oral solution of meperidine, diazepam, and atropine. In both groups there was no significant change in heart rate. Although systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate showed statistically significant decreases, these changes were not clinically significant. The child's emotional status at the time of separation from the parents and during induction was similar in both groups. Side effects with OTFC were more frequent: nose itching occurred in 65%, body itching in 10%, and vomiting in 30%. Two patients (10%) in the OTFC-treated group became hypoxemic (SpO2 less than 90) and required supplemental oxygen. In the group receiving oral meperidine, diazepam, and atropine, 10% had mild facial pruritus and 5% complained of a dry mouth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate with oral meperidine, diazepam, and atropine as preanesthetic medication in children with congenital heart disease. 198 59

In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with flupirtine in patients with chronic pain, in particular arthrosis and arthritis, a study was planned which, when completed, will encompass the treatment of 200 patients over a 12-month period. The present paper is a preliminary report of this ongoing study. The report deals with 104 patients: 55 of whom completed the 12-month treatment period and a 2-week follow-up phase, during which flupirtine was replaced by placebo in order to be able to detect drug-withdrawal effects. Forty nine patients withdrew from the study. Most of the patients were suffering from degenerative rheumatic arthrosis or inflammatory rheumatic arthritis. The average daily dosage was 300 mg. The incidence of drop-outs was highest in the first months with hardly any patients withdrawing in the last six months. Fifteen patients dropped out because of side effects (dizziness, nausea, sleep disturbances, and headache). Ten patients dropped out because of ineffectiveness, seven because of side effects plus ineffectiveness, and three because of side effects and other reasons. The remaining 14 patients dropped out because of other or non-medical reasons. For the 55 patients who completed the study, the analgesic took effect within 45 minutes to 2 hours, the duration of effect was 4-6 hours. Three-quarters of the patients responded to the drug, one-quarter did not. The analgesic effect remained constant during the 12-month treatment, as did the average number of capsules taken per month. There was no evidence that tolerance developed. The most frequent side effects were drowsiness (9% of patients), dizziness (11%), dry mouth (5%) and pruritus (9%). The withdrawal symptom scale completed every month during treatment (to determine baseline values) and every day throughout the 2-week placebo post-treatment phase showed no changes in the median. The mean value increased during the withdrawal phase, however, indicating that the symptomatology was more pronounced in some subjects. After withdrawal, the non-specific symptoms increased to a greater extent than symptoms from the opiate scale. The symptoms were present throughout the withdrawal phase. If the withdrawal phenomena had corresponded to the flupirtine's terminal half-life, then the symptoms ought to have been present mainly in the first few days. There was a slight trend for lowering systolic blood pressure but no changes in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate, nor changes in the ECG or laboratory analysis that could be related to flupirtine. These preliminary data suggest that flupirtine is safe when given for a period of one year.
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PMID:On the adverse reactions and efficacy of long-term treatment with flupirtine: preliminary results of an ongoing twelve-month study with 200 patients suffering from chronic pain states in arthrosis or arthritis. 245 18

Hydroxyzine, a potent H1-receptor antagonist often used for relief of pruritus in patients with hepatic dysfunction, was studied in eight patients, mean age 53.4 +/- SD 11.2 years, with primary biliary cirrhosis. The patients ingested a single dose of hydroxyzine, 0.7 mg/kg (mean dose 43.9 +/- 6.6 mg). Before the dose, then hourly for 6 hours, every 2 hours from 6-12 hours, at 24 hours, and every 24 hours for 6 days, serum hydroxyzine and cetirizine were measured and an intradermal injection of 0.01 mL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution of histamine phosphate was performed. Wheals and flares were traced at 10 minutes and the areas were calculated. Mean peak hydroxyzine levels of 116.5 +/- 60.6 ng/mL occurred at 2.3 +/- 0.7 hours and mean peak cetirizine levels of 500.4 +/- 302.0 ng/mL occurred at 4.8 +/- 2.8 hours. The mean serum elimination half-life of hydroxyzine was 36.6 +/- 13.1 hours, and the mean serum elimination half-life of cetirizine was 25.0 +/- 8.2 hours. The mean hydroxyzine clearance rate was 8.65 +/- 7.46 mL/min/kg, and the mean volume of distribution was 22.7 +/- 13.3 L/kg. The mean wheal area was suppressed (P less than 0.01) from 1 to 120 hours, with maximal suppression from 2 to 48 hours. The mean flare area was suppressed from 1 to 144 hours, with maximal suppression from 3 to 24 hours (P less than 0.01). All patients became sleepy from 0.5 to 6 hours. Blurred vision, dizziness and dry mouth each occurred in two patients. Hydroxyzine elimination is impaired in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyzine in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 257 11

Burning mouth syndrome is an intraoral pain disorder, stinging and/or itching sensation of the tongue or oral mucous membranes. Numerous causes have been suggested, including local factors such as candidiasis and denture trauma, systemic factor such as nutritional deficiencies, diabetes and climacteric, xerostomia, miscellaneous conditions such as psychogenic factors. A systematic approach for the success in diagnosis and treatment is included history taking, complete mouth examination and laboratory investigation.
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PMID:[Burning mouth syndrome]. 264 Jun 74

Doxepin hydrochloride, a tricyclic antidepressant, was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria in 16 adults. Efficacy was evaluated by symptom scores, concomitant antihistamine use, and suppression of histamine- and codeine-induced wheal response. Doxepin-treated subjects experienced fewer lesions (p less than 0.001), less waking hours with lesions (p less than 0.01), lesser degree of itch and/or discomfort (p less than 0.001), and less swelling or angioedema (p less than 0.001) as compared to placebo-treated subjects. Doxepin-treated subjects required less daily concomitant antihistamine use (mean 0.13 tablets versus 1.48 tablets, p less than 0.05). Doxepin also significantly suppressed histamine- and codeine-induced cutaneous wheal response as compared to placebo. Lethargy was commonly observed but diminished with continued use. Dry mouth and constipation were also commonly observed. We conclude that doxepin is an effective agent for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
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PMID:Efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. 378 54

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and FDA-approved indications of isotretinoin, a new agent used for treating acne, are reviewed. Isotretinoin is a synthetic retinoid compound with pharmacologic actions similar to those of other retinoids. Isotretinoin's effects on nodulocystic acne lesions apparently result from its reduction of the size of sebaceous glands, inhibition of sebum production, and inhibition of follicular keratinization. Isotretinoin is administered orally; peak serum drug concentrations occur approximately three hours after ingestion. The drug is widely distributed throughout body tissues and metabolized by the liver by oxidation and glucuronidation; both parent drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces. Clinical trials of isotretinoin have shown the drug to be effective in treating cystic or conglobate acne that is unresponsive to therapy with oral or topical antibiotics, topical tretinoin, or topical benzoyl peroxide. Isotretinoin is unique in that acne remission continues after discontinuance of therapy. The most frequent adverse effects involve mucocutaneous tissues and include cheilitis, xerosis, xerostomia, dry nose, epistaxis, and pruritus. Other adverse effects--including some serious ones--have been found rarely in humans or animals receiving isotretinoin. The usual oral dosage of isotretinoin for patients with cystic acne is 1-2 mg/kg/day in two divided doses; administration should continue for 15-20 weeks. Isotretinoin is currently more expensive than other acne treatments. Isotretinoin is an effective agent for treating cystic acne; pending accumulation of further data, its use should be limited to patients with severe conditions that do not respond to older therapies because of isotretinoin's cost and sometimes serious adverse effects.
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PMID:Isotretinoin: new therapy for severe acne. 619 64

The antihypertensive efficacy and side effects of a transdermal therapeutic system containing 2.5 mg clonidine (clonidine-TTS) was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension over a period of 10 weeks. The system was designed to release 0.1 mg clonidine/24 h. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell from 160 +/- 17/106 +/- 7 mm Hg to 139 +/- 16/91 +/- 8 mm Hg after 4 weeks and to 135 +/- 14/89 +/- 8 mm Hg after 10 weeks (p less than 0.001). Sufficient blood pressure control was achieved by one clonidine-TTS weekly in 24% and by 2 clonidine-TTS in 33% of the patients. 43% of all cases required additional oral therapy with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide/day. However, antihypertensive action was accompanied by a high incidence of local skin reactions. These skin reactions with erythema, itching and red papules occurred in 6 of the 21 patients (29%) after treatment with TTS for at least 4 weeks. Patch testing with the various components of clonidine-TTS in 4 patients identified clonidine-allergy of delayed type in 3 cases. Typical clonidine side effects such as fatigue, dry mouth, constipation and sexual disturbances were moderate. It is concluded that clonidine-TTS has a good and continuous antihypertensive action. However, the high incidence of skin reactions limits its use in the treatment of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Clonidine transdermal therapeutic system in essential hypertension: effect and tolerance]. 667 36


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