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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Onchoecercal microfilaruia was studied in the course of an epidemiologic investigation of diseases, infections, and general health conditions in a rural village on the Adamaoua Plateau in northern Cameroon. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were observed in nearly one half of the skin snips taken from the village residents. The prevalence of onchocerciasis as diagnosed from skin snips increased with age, and was greater for males than females. The number of microfilariae per skin snip also increased wth age. The presence of subcutaneous nodules, inguinal lymphadenopathy, microfilariae in the urine, ocular lesions and prolonged itching all were related to both age and the presence of microfilariae in skin biopsy specimen, as well as to intensity of infection. Microfilaruria was not restricted to individuals with severe onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis: prevalence of microfilaruria and other manifestations in village of Cameroon. 111 57

An investigation of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus and the resulting clinical disease was carried out for the Nigerian National Onchocerciasis Control Programme between July and August 1989 [corrected]. The survey covered 10.6% of the rural population in 41 savanna villages of central Nigeria. Of the 8451 self-selected individuals examined, 900 (10.6%) had skin microfilariae (Mf). There were differences between villages in both endemicity and intensity of infection, but in general the number of both Mf carriers and cases of clinical onchocerciasis increased with age. The disease in the Mf carriers showed as blindness (0.8%), onchocercal nodules (0.6%), leopard skin (1.6%) and pruritus (2.8%). Of 35 persons with lymphatic complications, 19 had hanging groin, 10 had elephantiasis and six had hydrocoele. Onchocerciasis was mesoendemic in the rocky northern escarpments, and became hypoendemic and sporadic in the southern uplands of sedimentary geological origin.
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PMID:Human onchocerciasis in the lower Jos Plateau, central Nigeria: the prevalence, geographical distribution and epidemiology in Akwanga and Lafia local government areas. 130 6

Degrees of itching were estimated before and for 6 months after a fourth dose of ivermectin or placebo was given to 97 subjects in Sierra Leone. There was no reduction in itching attributable to ivermectin at any stage, but there were non-significant increases in the prevalence, severity and localization of itching within the first 2 months after ivermectin compared to placebo. We also found that cell-mediated immune responses to Onchocerca volvulus were significantly increased 4 weeks after a single dose of ivermectin compared to before treatment. A temporary reversal of the state of immunosuppression in people with onchocerciasis may counterbalance the reduction in skin microfilarial loads following ivermectin, with no consequent reduction in itching. The lack of effect of ivermectin on itching, a major symptom of onchocerciasis, while disappointing, need not detract from the success of mass distribution programmes.
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PMID:Ivermectin does not reduce the burden of itching in an onchocerciasis endemic community. 141 53

A prevalence survey of onchocerciasis was done in the Kabarole district, Uganda, in 1990. The objective was to determine the prevalence of onchocerciasis among communities living in previously known foci. A total of 1186 persons were included in the study. The infection rate among the communities studied ranged from 0%-67%. The most frequent clinical signs and symptoms of onchocerciasis were: pruritus (80%), rough skin (46%), skin rash (30%), leopard skin (6%), and sclerosing keratitis (7%). 3.6% of all cases with onchocerciasis had no light perception and the total number of cases in the district was estimated to be 32,000. The study showed that the foci, where Simulium neavei is the vector, are still active. In contrast, very few infections with Onchocerca volvulus were found in the Rwenzori focus, where S. damnosum s.l. was the vector. The results indicate that onchocerciasis is an important public health issue in the Kaborale district and must be controlled.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis prevalence in previously known foci in western Uganda: results from a preliminary survey in Kabarole district. 151 30

In a recent epidemiological study on onchocerciasis on the lower Jos Plateau in Nigeria, a 7-month-old baby delivered by a mother suffering from onchocerciasis showed early clinical signs of the disease: pruritus was present all over the body. The infant's skin snip on incubation revealed microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. These findings were confirmed 3 months later when the child was re-examined. No onchocercal nodule was found, but pruritus persisted.
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PMID:Possible transplacental transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. 226 Jan 99

Two men, aged 54 and 31 years respectively, developed an itching skin rash 18 and 6 months respectively after returning from a trip to Africa, the former also recurrent conjunctivitis. Two years and 6 months, respectively, passed from the time of first symptoms until the diagnosis of onchocerciasis was made. Both patients had an eosinophilia (10.5 and 19%) and specific antibodies against Onchocerca volvulus. Microfilaria were demonstrated in the skin of the younger man. The other one had bilateral corneal infiltrates. Both patients were treated with a single dose of ivermectin, 150 micrograms/kg. Within several months, the clinical symptoms and eosinophilia disappeared and the antibody titres decreased.
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PMID:[Onchocerciasis in travelers to the tropics]. 240 Nov 91

A study of relations between pruritus after doses of chloroquine and on the one hand the infection by Mansonella perstans (filariasis frequent in some areas but pathogenic) and on the other hand the infection by Onchocerca volvulus (filariasis frequent in some other areas but not very pathogenic) was carried out in two villages in Ivory Coast. It is not possible to show an obvious relation between the presence of pruritus and the two filariasis.
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PMID:[Pruritus after taking chloroquine and filariasis]. 254 69

Onchocerca volvulus infection of the residents of two villages in the Upper Atbara River region of Sudan (63.4% prevalence) was found to be medically and socially significant with a remarkable degree of pruritus and dermal pathology present. The severest skin changes, which were often confined to certain areas of the body, were most common in the teenage group (13-19 years). Quantitation of the clinical changes showed that the most severe alterations were present in patients with the lower levels of microfilariae in the skin (0.1-6 mf mg-1) rather than in those with higher levels. Nodules containing adult O. volvulus were found in many individuals, and often in clusters in older patients. Major losses of vision due to O. volvulus were not found, although microfilariae were frequently seen in the cornea and anterior chamber. The commonest corneal change was punctate keratitis, and this was most frequently seen in the teenage group. Trachomatous changes of eyelids and corneas were also seen. The prevalence values of O. volvulus infection in the two villages were significantly increased when, in addition to microfilarial presence in skin biopsies, onchocercal signs such as punctate keratitis, nodule presence and microfilariae in the anterior chamber were taken into consideration. This illustrates the need to consider factors other than skin snip parasitology in obtaining a diagnosis. This study also emphasizes the degree of severity that onchodermatitis can reach and that low levels of dermal microfilariae can be accompanied by very extensive skin changes without any loss of vision. The necessity of considering the severity of skin changes when defining tolerable levels of onchocerciasis in a community is discussed.
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PMID:Severe onchocercal dermatitis in the Ethiopian border region of Sudan. 344 29

The prevalence, intensity and clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis were investigated in three village communities along the Bahr El Arab and its tributaries in Southern Darfur, Western Sudan. Onchocerca volvulus has not been reported from this region before. Over 300 people were examined and the selection of patients was aimed at obtaining a cross-sectional view of the disease at all ages and in both sexes. Prevalence rates were high (67.5%, 28.6% and 32% in Titribi, Radom and Kafia Kingi, respectively). The intensity of infection in young adults was generally about 30 mf/mg, but ranged up to 100 mf/mg. Infections were detected in subjects as young as two years old; about one quarter of those sampled in Titribi had nodules, mostly in the pelvic region. Clinical signs of acute and chronic dermal changes were especially marked in Titribi. This village was located closest to the breeding sites, which appear in the rainy season only. More than a third of those samples had severe pruritus and showed many self-inflicted excoriations. Both anterior and posterior eye segment changes were detected in each community, and cases of onchocercal blindness were attributed to sclerosing keratitis and to optic and chorioretinal atrophy. One case typical of intensely localized disease was seen, where the affliction was unilateral and severe with oedema and pigment changes, but very few microfilariae present. Onchocerciasis appears to be well established in this region and has apparently caused abandonment of some settlements in recent years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Onchocerciasis in Sudan: the Southern Darfur focus. 360 40

An American woman who had lived in Equatorial Guinea was seen in the United States with intermittent swelling, pruritus, hyperpigmentation, and mild cutaneous atrophy of the right arm. Filarial diseases were considered in the differential diagnosis; skin snips subsequently revealed Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. There was no evidence of ocular involvement. The case illustrates the importance of obtaining a history of international travel, the need to consider "exotic" parasitic diseases in travelers returning from the tropics, and several of the presenting features of onchocerciasis. In the past, onchocerciasis was treated with diethylcarbamazine and suramin, both of which have appreciable toxicity. A major recent advance has been the introduction of ivermectin, which appears to be more effective and less toxic, and is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in the United States and abroad.
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PMID:Upper extremity swelling and hyperpigmentation due to onchocerciasis in an American. 368 52


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