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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This was a cross-sectional study meant to determine the prevalence of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis among open population females from Cuernavaca City. The relationship between clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and response to therapy were evaluated as well. A group of 405 sexually active women were enrolled between January and July, 1994. The patients were attending the City Hospital for a regular gynecological consultation, upon their informed consent, they answered a specifically designed questionnaire and had a vaginal secretion sampling. Cotton swabs containing such secretions were employed to measure pH, estimate amines production (fishy odor) and perform both direct microscopic examination and Gram stained smears, which allowed the recognition of yeasts, Trichomonas vaginalis, "clue" cells and normal microflora. Treatments were clotrimazole for candidiasis and metronidazole for trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. Data obtained were analyzed with statistical programs SPSS/PC and EGRET. Overall, 193 out of 405 women (47.7%) had some genital infection; most frequent was candidiasis with a prevalence of 105/405 (26%), bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were present in 67/405 (16.5%) and 7/405 (1.7%) of the population, respectively. Clinical features associated to candidiasis were vulvar itching, dyspareunia, vulvar and cervical erythema, cervical inflammation and vaginal secretion. The only sign consistently observed in bacterial vaginosis patients was a yellow secretion. Women with T. vaginalis showed cervical lesions, friability, microhemorragic zones and vaginal secretion. One important factor linked to bacterial vaginosis was to have had premature labor. Therapeutic responses, with clinical and microbiological cure, were 92% for candidiasis; 93% for bacterial vaginosis; and 100% for trichomoniasis. In conclusion, it is of relevance to stimulate sexually active women to care for their genital health to medically diagnose, avoid and control the very common infections assessed in this paper.
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PMID:[Prevalence of bacterial vaginitis and vaginosis: association with clinical and laboratory features, and treatment]. 894 21

The author is describing their own clinical experience with the treatment of vaginal candidosis during pregnancy with the application of a single dose clotrimazole 500 mg (Canesten 1) with only one vaginal globule. In 77.5% of the pregnancy women is obtained a perfect result with disappearing of the clinical symptoms (pruritus, increasing bleeding, discomfort during excretion of urine) and negativisation of the microbiological results. The author is making the conclusion, that the treatment with a unique vaginal globule can be useful in light and acute cases of mycotic colpitis in pregnant patients. A recommendation is given for follow-up of the pregnant patients in the last 3-4 weeks of the pregnancy, for a candidosis check-up and prescription of an adequate treatment.
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PMID:[The treatment of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy with a single dose of clotrimazole]. 925 73

Due to its pathogenety Candida albicans is the most frequent yeast in cases of vaginal candidosis, probably mostly caused by local immunological weakness. In 5-30% one can expect a vaginal yeast colonisation depending on age, estrogen influence, pregnancy and dispositions by illness. Prepartal vaginal yeast colonisation should be treated to protect the newborn. The only typical symptom of acute vaginal candidosis is itching. Beside history and clinical symptoms, examination of vaginal secretion by phase contrast microscopy and the yeast culture are cornerstones of the diagnosis. Antimycotic resistance should be investigated only by specialists. Acute Candida albicans vaginitis should be treated locally by one or three day therapy. Candida glabrata vaginitis can be treated with high doses of oral fluconazole.
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PMID:[Vulvovaginal mycoses]. 960 84

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis, and trichomoniasis account for more than 90% of vaginal infections. BV typically is associated with a decrease in commensal, protective lactobacilli and a proliferation of other flora. Mobiluncus is pathognomonic but found in only 20% of cases. Presence of 3 of 4 criteria indicates BV: a homogenous noninflammatory discharge (not many WBCs); pH >4.5; clue cells (bacteria attached to borders of epithelial cells, > 20 % of epithelial cells); and a positive whiff test. New intravaginal BV preparations cause less-adverse systemic effects than oral regimens. Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan, appears to be sexually transmitted and causes up to 25% of vaginitis cases. Diagnosis is made by observation of a foul, frothy discharge; pH >4.5 (present in 70% of cases); punctate cervical microhemorrhages (25% of cases); and motile trichomonads on wet mount (50%-75% of cases). Recommended treatment is a single 2g dose of oral metronidazole. Treatment failure is usually due to nontreatment of the male partner. Candidiasis typically presents as a thick, "curdled" white discharge or vulvar pruritus, with a hyperemic vagina and an erythematous and/or excoriated vulva. Vaginal pH is usually in the normal range of 3.8-4.2 in uncomplicated candidiasis. Microscopic examination of the discharge reveals hyphae or budding yeast in 50%-70% of cases. While the most common offender is Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata have become increasingly prevalent. Approximately 15% of C albicans organisms are resistant to clotrimazole and miconazole. Recurrent infections may be treated with fluconazole 150mg weekly for up to 12 consecutive weeks.
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PMID:Practical Guide to Diagnosing and Treating Vaginitis. 974 76

There are many problems in the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis. Often, the patient is not examined (telephone treatment) or examined improperly with lack of attention to the wet prep. In patients with recurrent vaginitis, it should not be assumed that the current infection is the same as a previous infection without a thorough examination. At times, there is an overuse of topical steroids for all vulvar symptoms or use of antifungals for all vulvar symptoms. The various abnormalities in vulvovaginitis have unique physical findings, laboratory tests, and treatments. It should be remembered that unusual conditions of the vagina and vulva may resemble vulvovaginitis. Many vulvar conditions must be considered when a patient reports discharge and itching. It is important to remember that if the treatment is not working, reconsider the diagnosis.
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PMID:Current evaluation and management of vulvovaginitis. 1037 Aug 40

Vaginal candidiasis continues to be a common cause of vaginal discharge, pruritus and other local complaints in women worldwide. Although numerous antimycotic agents are available for the treatment of yeast vaginitis there is little comparative data on the in vitro activity of these drugs. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the Candida species in the vagina and anus of patients treated in a gynaecology clinic, as well as determine the susceptibility to azolic compounds measured by the E-test method. Vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 80 adult non-pregnant patients, seen at a gynaecological clinic, aged 18-59 years, with sexual activity, with and without vaginitis. The swabs were processed by methods routinely used for the detection of pathogenic yeasts. The susceptibility of the isolates to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole, was measured by the agar diffusion method (E-test), using RPM1 1,640 medium with 2% glucose and phosphate buffer. Candida species (33) strains were isolated from 17 patients at similar proportions from both anatomical sites, and 12 patients harboured 24 strains of C. albicans in the vaginal and rectal tracts. Twenty one percent of the strains of C. albicans were resistant to ketoconazole, 54% were resistant to itraconazole and 0% were resistant to fluconazole. The sensitivity of strains isolated from the two sites were similar, indicating that these are strains of the same phenotype.
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PMID:In vitro activity of antimycotic agents determined by E-test method against vaginal Candida species. 1042 69

Vaginitis resulting from bacterial, fungal, or protozoal infections can be associated with altered vaginal discharge, odor, pruritus, vulvovaginal irritation, dysuria, or dyspareunia, depending on the type of infection. Bacterial vaginosis, which is primarily characterized by a malodorous discharge, is common in women with multiple sex partners and is caused by the overgrowth of several facultative and anaerobic bacterial species. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by pruritus and a cottage cheese-like discharge. Vaginal trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by an anaerobic protozoan parasite, is associated with a copious yellow or green, sometimes frothy, discharge. Differential diagnosis of these infections requires a thorough history, vulvovaginal examination, and simple laboratory tests, including microscopy of the vaginal discharge. The information obtained from this workup should enable an accurate diagnosis. Topical or oral metronidazole is the treatment of choice for bacterial vaginosis; terconazole, or other antifungals, for vulvovaginal candidiasis; and oral metronidazole for trichomoniasis.
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PMID:Treating vaginitis. 1054 57

A May 1991 workshop on reproductive morbidity attended by 60 participants in Cairo included presentation of results of a study of 509 nonpregnant women aged 20-60 years. The study was conducted by an anthropologist, a biostatistician, 2 obstetrician-gynecologists, and a microbiologist in 2 rural villages of Gizeh. The majority of the women studied had married before age 19, and 80% were illiterate. Despite initial reticence, over 90% of the village women ultimately took part in the study. The team observed the frequency with which the women accepted illness, weakness, and pain as a normal part of life. Physical examinations revealed that 44% had vaginitis, 9% were anemic, 17% had severe anemia, 56% had prolapse, 18% were hypertensive, and 42% were obese. Survey questionnaires revealed that 36% experienced pain during intercourse, 18% had pain in the lower abdomen, 71% had menstrual pain, 15% had pruritus, and 48% feared they were sterile. The team observed that the women were apparently reluctant to use the local health services. The villages had their own health centers staffed by female physicians, but only 1/3 of the women giving birth in the preceding 2 years had sought prenatal care, and 75% chose to deliver at home. Relations between the health workers and the village women must be strengthened if the situation is to be improved. The seminar recommended that the health and social workers make greater efforts to encourage use of the health services by local women.
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PMID:[In Egypt, researchers assess the health of village women]. 1228 55

The comparative incidence of symptomatic vaginal candidiasis associated with pivmecillinam and norfloxacin treatment in women with acute symptomatic uncomplicated UTI was determined in two randomised, double-blind, clinical trials. Adverse events reported following general enquiry were reviewed. Presence of Candida vaginitis was based upon the specification as such by investigators, the presence of specific symptoms such as genital pruritus and/or the prescription of specific anti Candida therapy. The incidences of Candida vaginitis were as follows; Study 1 pivmecillinam 200 mg tid for 7 days 13 (4.6%), pivmecillinam 200 mg bid for 7 days 7 (2.4%), pivmecillinam 400 mg bid for 3 days 6 (2.1%) and placebo 6 (2.1%), P=0.19. Study 2 pivmecillinam 400 mg bid for 3 days 7 (1.5%), norfloxacin 400 mg bid for 3 days 20 (4.3%), P=0.016. The incidence of Candida vaginitis in women with acute symptomatic uncomplicated UTI given 3 days treatment with pivmecillinam 400 mg bid is similar to that seen with placebo and is significantly less than the incidence with norfloxacin 400 mg bid for 3 days.
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PMID:Symptomatic vaginal candidiasis after pivmecillinam and norfloxacin treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection. 1238 88

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis which is a sexually transmitted disease mainly in women. The infection may be asymptomatic or symptomatic such as severe vaginitis and cervicitis. The aim of this study was to compare direct microscopic examination, acridine orange stained examination and culture in Modified Diamond medium, for the detection of T. vaginalis from the vaginal swab samples of 310 patients (age ranges: 17-45 years old) who were complaining from vaginal discharge. Of them 40 (12.9%) samples were found positive with culture, 20 (6.5%) were positive with direct microscopy and 19 (6.1%) were positive with acridine orange staining method. The positive results were obtained in 17 cases by each of the three methods, in 3 cases by direct microscopy and culture, in 2 cases by acridine orange staining and culture, and in 18 cases by culture only. T. vaginalis has been detected in 19.5% of 41 patients with itching, 15.7% of 190 patient with groin pain and 23.2% of 43 patients with cervical erosion, in addition to vaginal discharge, by at least one of the methods. In conditional evaluation, there were no statistically significant differences between T. vaginalis positivity with age groups and the contraceptive methods used. As a result, it was concluded that for the laboratory diagnosis of T. vaginalis, acridine orange staining technique does not have any superiority over direct microscopy. Although direct microscopy is a practical and economical method, it has low sensitivity, so all of the suspected samples which are found negative by this method, should be cultivated for a definite diagnosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of direct microscopic examination, acridine orange staining and culture methods for studies of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharge specimens]. 1283 68


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