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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoon which in women commonly causes vaginal itching; burning, and a frothy, offensive and seropurulent yellowish discharge. Incidence of infection in women varies from 13 to 60%, and is highest during pregnancy because of excess estrogens and in women with poor hygiene or with vaginitis. In men, the incidence ranges from 9 to 37% of persons with urethral discharge. This study presents the results of the use of a single dose treatment of Trichomonas vaginitis with 2.0 gm Tinidazole. 350 women with vaginal discharge from the Gynecology Dept. of Cairo University hospitals were studied. Microscopic study of the discharge revealed T. vaginalis in 103 cases (aged 17 to 48 years). Majority of the clinical complaints (pruritus vulvae; soreness; sense of fullness in vagina and dysuria) disappeared in all cases after administration of 2.0 gm single dose of Tinidazole. Discharge; dyspareunia and soreness or pain at vulval interoitus disappeared in about 2/3 of cases; improved in about 1/4 and persisted in less than 8% (failure in these cases was attributed to other causes such as cervical erosion; bacterial infections; hormonal or other pathologic lesions in the internal genitalia). Mild gastrointestinal reaction (nausea and vomiting) were observed in 5 cases and transient urticaria in 1 case.
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PMID:Treatment of Trichomonas vaginitis with a single dose of tinidazole. 123 91

The present clinical trial has been carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of benzydamine in treatment of vaginitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. Fifty women affected by this specific pathology have been submitted to topical treatment with 0.5% benzydamine vaginal cream. The treatment has been carried out for 9 consecutive days using a local application of benzydamine twice a day. The clinical result was evaluated after 12 and 60 days. The following parameters were taken into consideration: symptoms (leucorrhea, itching, burning), clinical signs (oedema, hyperemia, vaginal secretion), instrumental data (pH, colposcopy, sniff test) and microbiological findings (searching of clue cells, Lactobacillus and Gardnerella vaginalis). At the first check point after 12 days 84% of patients have been considered healed; at the second check the percentage of healing rose to 92%. Therefore benzydamine was considered highly effective in 92% of vaginitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis.
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PMID:[Benzidamine in the topical treatment of vaginitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis]. 148 Mar 6

The vast majority of prepubertal gynecologic problems fall into three categories. The most serious category includes those "things that bleed": sarcoma botryoides, trauma (including sexual abuse), vaginal foreign objects, condylomata, urethral prolapse, and single organism vaginitis. Very rarely, the clinician will see precocious menarche, metastatic Crohn's disease, vascular vulvar lesions, and factitious cases. The next category contains entities that have an abnormal appearance: ambiguous genitalia, periurethral cysts of the newborn, hymenal variants, and agglutination of the labia and vulva. Rarely, an underlying skin disorder such as lichen sclerosus, seborrhea, or atopic vulvitis will be seen. The last and most bothersome category, distinguished by its symptoms of pruritus and discharge, includes the most common types of vulvovaginitis.
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PMID:Prepubertal vulvovaginopathies. 158 44

A randomized double-blind trial was carried out with itraconazole versus placebo in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, confirmed by clinical evaluation, direct microscopic examination and Sabouraud culture. Fifty patients were studied, 25 in the itraconazole group and 25 in the placebo group. Both groups received two capsules once daily (100 mg itraconazole/cap) for 3 days. One week after treatment patients were re-evaluated according to the same parameters as in selection. The scores for clinical symptoms, leukorrhea, vulvar pruritus, vaginitis and vulvitis, were compared in both groups before and after treatment. Statistically significant differences were found for the itraconazole group in pruritus and vaginitis (P less than 0.05) and vulvitis (P less than 0.001), with no significant difference for leukorrhea. As to the mycological evaluation, 7 days after treatment there were negative results for the itraconazole group in 92% of the patients in comparison to 52% in the placebo group (chi-square, P = 0.005).
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PMID:Itraconazole versus placebo in the management of vaginal candidiasis. 168 58

This paper reports the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of symptoms in the diagnosis of antibiotic-induced candidal vaginitis (AICV) among 74 women recruited from three primary care practices. All subjects, who were examined both pre- and post-antibiotic treatment for acute respiratory, urinary tract, or skin infections, were initially free of vaginitis. Twenty-four subjects developed candidal vaginitis (CV), indicated by vaginitis symptoms or signs and a positive candidal culture or KOH preparation; there were no mixed infections. Fifty women did not develop AICV and, of this group, four developed a nonyeast vaginitis. Aggregate symptoms (pruritus and/or discharge) had 87.5% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 91.3% and 93.9%, respectively. These values are much higher than those reported in studies of CV that excluded women on antibiotics. We conclude that women who develop vaginitis symptoms while on short courses of antibiotics may be treated as AICV without confirmatory examination.
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PMID:Predicting the occurrence of antibiotic-induced candidal vaginitis (AICV). 175 51

Actual incidence of vulvovaginitis is unknown, but apparently about 75% of women experience at least 1 episode of yeast vulvovaginitis during their reproductive years. Candida species causes almost all cases, e.g., Candida albicans causes about 90% of cases. Other species include C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The spore form of C. albicans spreads the infection and is asymptomatic. The mycelia form induces symptoms. Neither C. glabrata nor C. tropicalis produce mycelia. The 1st step in establishing an infection is bonding to the vaginal mucosa. C. albicans adheres better than do the other 2 species. Proteolytic enzymes help the fungus bind to the mucosa. Research indicates that differences in the composition of normal vaginal bacteria, dearths in site functions that are specific for Candida, or prostaglandin or IgE interference with the cellular mediated immune response specific to Candida may be responsible for recurrent infections. The signs and symptoms of yeast vulvovaginitis are not clear cut so clinicians need to request laboratory tests on samples to confirm diagnosis. The most common symptom is considerable itching. Antifungal medicine is either topical or systemic. The most common yet oldest antifungal agent is 0.5-1% gentian violet applied topically to the affected mucous membranes. There is dome evidence, however, that it causes chromosome damage in some mammal cells. No reported cases of cancer in humans exist though. Imidazoles and polyene compounds constitute the mainstays of candidiasis treatment. Oral ketoconazole has shown promise in preventing recurrence. Colonization and symptomatic vaginitis rates rise during pregnancy. Symptomatic vaginitis is most common during the 3rd trimester. Diabetes mellitus also predisposes women to vaginitis. Women who use high dose oral contraceptives, the contraceptive sponge, and antibiotics also face increased risk of colonization and symptomatic vaginitis. Vaginitis is common among women with AIDS.
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PMID:Fungal vulvovaginitis. 181 23

Sexual activity is the primary method of transmission for several important parasitic diseases and has resulted in a significant prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among male homosexuals. The majority of parasitic sexually transmitted diseases involve protozoan pathogens; however, nematode and arthropod illnesses are also included in this group. Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common parasitic STD. Infection with this organism typically results in the signs and symptoms of vaginitis. Trichomoniasis can be diagnosed in the office setting by performing a microscopic evaluation of infected vaginal secretions and can be successfully treated with metronidazole. Both pediculosis pubis, caused by the crab louse Pthirus pubis, and scabies, caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei, present with severe pruritus. A papular or vesicular rash and linear burrows seen in the finger webs and genital area are characteristic of scabies. Pediculosis pubis is diagnosed by observing adult lice or their nits in areas that bear coarse hair. The diagnosis of scabies is confirmed by scraping suspicious burrows and viewing the mite or its byproducts under the microscope. Lindane, 1% used in treating scabies, is also very effective for treating pediculosis pubis. Synthetic pyrethrins, also applied as a cream or lotion, are less toxic alternatives for the treatment of either condition. Oral-anal and oral-genital sexual practices predispose male homosexuals to infection with many enteric pathogens, including parasitic protozoans and helminths. The most common of these parasitic infections are amebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, and giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia. Both entities may cause acute or chronic diarrhea, as well as other abdominal symptoms. Most gay men with amebiasis are asymptomatic, and invasive disease in this group is extremely rare. Both amebiasis and giardiasis can be diagnosed on the basis of microscopic examination of stool specimens, although duodenal aspiration is occasionally necessary to confirm a diagnosis of giardiasis. Multiple treatment regimens exist for amebiasis. Iodoquinol is a good choice for asymptomatic cyst carriers, whereas the combination of metronidazole plus iodoquinol is used for symptomatic patients. Quinacrine and metronidazole are both efficacious in the treatment of giardiasis.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted parasitic diseases. 201 32

Data concerning 604 girls up 18 year old were analysed. On the basis clinical symptoms and results of culture of various biological materials on selected media--the monofocal Trichomonas infection concerning the most often vulva and vagina, rarely urethra or other regions of urinary organ as well as the multifocal Trichomonas infection, particularly complicated by mycosis were proved. It was found the convergence statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.5) of the invasion of T. vaginalis with some symptoms of inflammation of genital and urinary organs; the highest values of Pearson-Bravais coefficient was obtained in Trichomonas infection of genital organs and vaginal discharges, pain of vulva and vagina, the picture of colpitis maculosa, but in the multifocal one also with itching and pain in urethra and dysuria. T. vaginalis without symptoms occurred very seldom in the girls.
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PMID:[Analysis of the relations between selected symptoms of inflammation of the genital and urinary organs and invasion of Trichomonas vaginalis]. 213 96

The etiology of vaginitis can be difficult to prove. To determine the relationship between clinical criteria (symptoms and signs) and three causes of vaginitis, we prospectively evaluated 22 criteria in 123 unselected symptomatic patients. Diagnoses of Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis infection were based on culture. Bacterial vaginosis was defined by the presence of 3 of 4 clinical criteria. Only 49% of our patients received diagnoses, and itching was the only symptom more frequently noted among those with diagnoses. Symptoms did not differ among the three infections, and lack of vaginal odor in yeast infection was the only significantly different physical sign. Yeast and trichomonads were seen on microscopy in 63% and 75% of culture-positive specimens. Bacterial vaginosis had no significant clinical criteria beyond those that defined the diagnosis. We conclude that presenting symptoms and signs in vaginitis evaluation have limited value, and that half of the women with vaginitis may lack a microbiologic diagnosis.
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PMID:The limited value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of vaginal infections. 204 26

Vaginitis is one of the most frequent infections of the female genital system and, in the United States, represents the main reason for gynecological consultation. Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis are responsible for 90% of cases of vaginal phlogosis. It has been calculated that a percentage varying between 5% and 40% of the female population will suffer, at least once in their lifetime, from an episode of vaginal candidosis. The re-appearance of symptoms after suspension of the antimycotic therapy still represents an unsolved and obscure problem from the etiopathogenetic point of view. The incidence of recurrences in women suffering from various forms of vaginal candidosis, according to the Authors, is between 5% and 25%. Considering the uncertainties existing regarding the clinical and etiopathogenetic definition of recurrent vaginitis we carried out a perspective study, at the General Out-patient Department of the II Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of "La Sapienza" Rome University in collaboration with the Bacteriological Laboratory of the III Medical Clinic of "La Sapienza" Rome University, on a group of 60 women suffering from recurrent vaginitis. We included in the study in the period 1 October 1987 - 30 September 1988 60 women reporting to the General Out-Patient Department of the II Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of the "La Sapienza" Rome University. These patients complained about the appearance of a leukorrhea or a leukoxanthorrhea in combination with at least one of the following symptoms: burning sensation; itch; dyspareunia; dysuria; recurring cystitis. All the women reported in their case histories having suffered from at least three episodes of recurrent vaginal candidosis in the previous twelve months. Diagnosis had been established on the basis of fresh microscopic examination with determination of the vaginal pH on the occasion of the first episode only; whereas clinical examination only was undertaken on the occasion of the subsequent ones. In 30% of patients (or 18 cases) the diagnosis of the subsequent episodes was "telephonic". In all cases, at each episode, a local therapy with antimycotic drugs had been prescribed. Following the introduction of a sterile speculum sterile swabs were used to remove 2 samples of the fluid present at the level of the posterior vaginal fornix. The first swab was placed in a test-tube containing 2 ml of prereduced transport broth (brain-heart infusion broth oxoid) for the successive aerobe and anaerobe cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Recurrent vaginitis]. 248 80


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