Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirty-nine patients with alopecia areata were treated with diphenylcyclopropenone. Before treatment, 85 patients had subtotal or total hair loss (greater than 90% bald area) and in the remaining patients scalp involvement was between 40% and 90%. The following three factors were found to be of prognostic significance: type of alopecia areata as documented before treatment, duration of the disease before therapy, and presence of nail changes. Other factors such as age at onset, sex, presence of atopic features, the extent of variation in the range of diphenylcyclopropenone concentrations during treatment, and sleep disturbances caused by pruritus did not influence the prognosis significantly.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in the treatment of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone. 200 67

Almost all physiological and psychological functions of human beings reveal circadian variations. The parameters of those rhythms differ in various subjects dependently on their individual diurnal characteristics, named here chrono-type. The difference in phase of maximal arousal is particularly apparent so that it implies the distinction between the morning and the evening types. The comparative study of both chrono-types was done with regard to the subjective health, sleep disorders and disturbances, attitudes towards shiftwork and physical fitness as measured by indirect prediction of the maximal oxygen uptake. In spite of differences in the bedtime and awaking time, representatives of morning and evening type did not differ when considering the amount of sleep. Both groups slept about one hour less than subjectively required. The analysis of sleep disorders (during days with various shifts and days off) showed that their configuration was different in compared groups. Morning types more often woke before proper time and suffered from frequent mid-sleep awakenings. They had also more difficulties in falling asleep and felt tired after awakening when working night shift. Evening types reported more often difficulties in awakening (independently on work shift) and complained low well-being or tiredness after awakening when working morning or afternoon shift and during days off. The percentage of morning types reporting various sleep disturbances of external (noise, daylight) or internal (hunger, nervousness) origin was 13 to 74. The corresponding figures for evening types were 4 to 52%. Subjective health was assessed with use of a list of 74 symptoms. It was found that morning individuals significantly more frequently reported fevers and sub-febrile states, itching in heart region, pains or tightness in heart region when nervous and musculoskeletal pains. No significant differences in gastrointestinal complaints were found. Analysis of typical circulatory, respiratory and musculoskeletal syndromes revealed the lower frequency of circulatory and musculoskeletal complaints and more respiratory symptoms in evening types. This latter could be considered as the result of prevalence of smokers in this group. The prediction of maximal oxygen uptake with use of indirect Astrand-Rhythm method showed significantly higher values in evening types. Taking into account that the result of this method is based on the heart rate response to submaximal load--it is highly probable that the difference observed is due to chrono-type related difference in phase of circadian rhythm of heart rate reaction to the load applied on the same time of the day. Both studied groups differed significantly as to the percentage of persons approving the work in shifts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Chrono-type as a factor of shiftwork tolerance in women]. 213 92

In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with flupirtine in patients with chronic pain, in particular arthrosis and arthritis, a study was planned which, when completed, will encompass the treatment of 200 patients over a 12-month period. The present paper is a preliminary report of this ongoing study. The report deals with 104 patients: 55 of whom completed the 12-month treatment period and a 2-week follow-up phase, during which flupirtine was replaced by placebo in order to be able to detect drug-withdrawal effects. Forty nine patients withdrew from the study. Most of the patients were suffering from degenerative rheumatic arthrosis or inflammatory rheumatic arthritis. The average daily dosage was 300 mg. The incidence of drop-outs was highest in the first months with hardly any patients withdrawing in the last six months. Fifteen patients dropped out because of side effects (dizziness, nausea, sleep disturbances, and headache). Ten patients dropped out because of ineffectiveness, seven because of side effects plus ineffectiveness, and three because of side effects and other reasons. The remaining 14 patients dropped out because of other or non-medical reasons. For the 55 patients who completed the study, the analgesic took effect within 45 minutes to 2 hours, the duration of effect was 4-6 hours. Three-quarters of the patients responded to the drug, one-quarter did not. The analgesic effect remained constant during the 12-month treatment, as did the average number of capsules taken per month. There was no evidence that tolerance developed. The most frequent side effects were drowsiness (9% of patients), dizziness (11%), dry mouth (5%) and pruritus (9%). The withdrawal symptom scale completed every month during treatment (to determine baseline values) and every day throughout the 2-week placebo post-treatment phase showed no changes in the median. The mean value increased during the withdrawal phase, however, indicating that the symptomatology was more pronounced in some subjects. After withdrawal, the non-specific symptoms increased to a greater extent than symptoms from the opiate scale. The symptoms were present throughout the withdrawal phase. If the withdrawal phenomena had corresponded to the flupirtine's terminal half-life, then the symptoms ought to have been present mainly in the first few days. There was a slight trend for lowering systolic blood pressure but no changes in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate, nor changes in the ECG or laboratory analysis that could be related to flupirtine. These preliminary data suggest that flupirtine is safe when given for a period of one year.
 ...
PMID:On the adverse reactions and efficacy of long-term treatment with flupirtine: preliminary results of an ongoing twelve-month study with 200 patients suffering from chronic pain states in arthrosis or arthritis. 245 18

Sleep disruption is known to be common in preschool children. Those with atopic eczema (AE) would seem to be at particular risk because of itching. In this preliminary survey parents confirmed clinical impressions that sleep loss is a common feature when a child's atopic eczema is flaring. Sleep disturbance was reported by parents for 86% of the relevant nights with an average of 2.7 wakings per night and an average parental sleep loss of 2.6 h per night. Parents used a common core of strategies to help their children sleep at these times. Some of the strategies employed are likely to perpetuate sleep disturbance beyond the time of the flare. Parents gained most benefit from their own idiosyncratic approaches. For the majority of children (59%) sleep disruption is limited to times when their AE is flaring.
 ...
PMID:Sleep difficulties and their management in preschoolers with atopic eczema. 767 94

In a randomized, controlled parallel group study we have shown that cyclosporine at 3 mg/kg/day is as effective as topical betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate in the treatment of chronic hand eczema. In this study we compared the influence of these therapies on the quality of life. Forty-one patients were treated with either treatment for 6 weeks, after which patients with failure were switched to the other treatment for another 6 weeks. Quality of life was assessed with the Eczema Disability Index (EDI) at baseline and at the end of both treatment periods. The total EDI score decreased significantly and to the same degree in both groups, i.e. from the mean value of 30.5 to 20.9 in the cyclosporine group and from 27.2 to 18.9 in the betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate group. Irrespective of the dimension of the EDI (daily activity, school/work, personal relationship, leisure, treatment), the difference between the treatment groups at the end of the first treatment period was not significant. In the second part of the study a slight further decrease in total score was observed, but without any difference between the groups. There was a significant correlation between changes in the total EDI score and changes in all the clinical assessments, i.e. disease activity, extent of the disease, itch, sleep disturbances and use of emollients. Though the significant correlation between the total EDI and clinical assessments makes quality of life assessments in hand eczema questionable, the missing correlation between some clinical assessments and dimensions of the EDI suggests that EDI views aspects of the disease not covered by clinical measures.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the influence of cyclosporine and topical betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate treatment on quality of life in chronic hand eczema. 905 80

Epidemiological information on symptoms affecting extra-respiratory organs and apparatuses in asthmatic children is scarce. The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate, at a population level, if and what extra-respiratory symptoms are associated with asthma. Two questionnaire-based, cross-sectional surveys were carried out on 1,262 students (651 males; mean age 9.57 years, age-range 6-14 years) in 1992 and on 1,210 students (639 males; mean age 9.02 years, age-range 6-14 years) in 1998, from two elementary and two junior high schools in Rome, Italy. Questionnaires included queries about asthma and its risk factors and extra-respiratory symptoms (headache, restlessness, sleep disturbances, urticaria, itching, and abdominal pain). Of responders, 11.9% (279/2,342) had a history of asthma. After adjustment for gender, family history of atopic disease, low birth weight, early respiratory problems, and damp house, asthma was significantly associated with recurrent abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR] 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 3.16), itching (OR 3.15; 95% CI: 1.75, 5.68), and urticaria (OR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.02, 6.20). Asthma was reported by 10.2% (201/1,962) of children unaffected by this triad, by 20.1% (56/279; OR 2.20) with one of the symptoms, and by 31.6% (12/38; OR 4.04) with two or more symptoms. An emerging characteristic of pediatric asthma in our setting appears to be its association with certain extra-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, itching, and urticaria). A global, internistic approach to asthmatic children is increasingly required both in the clinical setting and in future epidemiological studies.
 ...
PMID:Association of asthma with extra-respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren: two cross-sectional studies 6 years apart. 1200 Apr 83

A new competitive histamine H(1)-receptor antagonist with superior binding affinity at this receptor as compared with other common antihistamines, desloratadine is the active metabolite of loratadine, the most extensively used agent of this class. Under development for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria and currently awaiting regulatory approval in the United States, desloratadine was recently approved and became commercially available in Europe for the treatment of allergic disease. Desloratadine is at least 50-fold more potent in vitro and appears to be 10-fold more potent in vivo than loratadine. The new antihistamine is metabolized to 3-hydroxydesloratadine, which retains biological activity. Absorption of orally administered desloratadine is dose proportional, and desloratadine achieves steady-state concentrations after approximately 5 doses with once-daily administration. This is consistent with mean half-life values of 24-27 h and a 24-h dosing interval. The absorption of desloratadine is not affected by food and there are no clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, a single 5 mg dose of desloratadine conferred significant relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms - including the complaint of nasal congestion - within hours of the first dose, and these effects were sustained both for the entire 24-h dosing interval and up to 2-4 weeks with once-daily treatment (5 mg/day). In addition, patients with seasonal exacerbations of mild to moderate asthma derived similar clinical benefits from desloratadine, with significant, first-dose relief of both SAR-related complaints such as nasal congestion as well as asthma symptoms. In addition, beta(2) agonist requirements for symptom management were significantly reduced from baseline in these asthma patients when treated with the 5 mg/day desloratadine regimen as compared with placebo. Also experiencing marked relief of symptoms upon treatment with desloratadine were patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, who exhibited significant first-dose relief of pruritus and sustained reductions in this symptom, numbers of lesions (and size of largest hive) and sleep disturbances, with a marked improvement in their ability to carry out activities of daily living. The clinical benefits of desloratadine in the above clinical settings were accompanied by general improvements in quality of life. Desloratadine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, as demonstrated by both human studies using cognitive indices as well as work in animal models. Desloratadine is well tolerated, and no significant drug-related (or food-related) adverse effects were noted when the agent was administered together with cytochrome P450 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin). Administration of desloratadine has not been shown to cause any significant changes in cardiac activity at therapeutic doses, even at 9-fold higher doses, or in the presence of P450 inhibitors. Nor does administration of desloratadine lead to sedation, even in the presence of alcohol. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
 ...
PMID:Desloratadine: A preclinical and clinical overview. 1276 22

After a stay in intensive care, patients may suffer physiological after effects, such as muscle wasting, polyneuropathies, disturbed sleep, itching and poor mobility. The care that patients receive whilst on intensive care may contribute to the severity of some of these physical problems. Raising awareness amongst critical care nurses may help reduce the severity of some of the physiological after effects. Increased awareness amongst nurses on the wards about the physical impact of intensive care may lead to a greater understanding of the needs of this group of patients and may improve discharge planning.
 ...
PMID:The physiological after-effects of critical care. 1294 Jun 92

Treatment modalities of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are dependent on patient age, on the intensity of both skin symptoms and subjective signs of the disease i.e. itch and sleep disturbances, on the body surface involved with lesions, as well as on the type of sensitizing allergens. The characteristic of these allergens is crucial to start prophylaxis and to make decision about specific immunotherapy. In asymptomatic period of the disease the most important factor is to prevent dryness of the skin using emollients, which reconstruct integrity and continuity of stratum corneum. This procedure prevents penetration of air-borne allergens across damaged skin barrier into the skin. In mild AD cases, pimecrolimus (mainly in children) and corticosteroids of the lowest potency alternatively with their basis should be recommended. In moderate intensity AD either topical treatment with calcineurin inhibitors i.e. tacrolimus and pimecrolimus or topical corticosteroids from 4-5 group of American classification should be applied. In addition, PUVA/UVB phototherapy may be beneficial, as well as immunotherapy with specific airborne allergen/s. Coexisting bacterial skin infections should be treated with systemic antibiotics (macrolides, quinolones, and cephalosporins), viral herpes infection systemically using acyclovir for 5-7 days, and fungal infections applying ketoconazole orally, accompanied by topical treatment with miconazole or other antimycotics. Severe AD is an indication for the systemic use of cyclosporin A (rather than corticosteroids), and antibiotics as mentioned above. Prolonged 3-5 year specific immunotherapy is significant concern for selected cases. Sensitive skin areas such as face, orbicular skin, flexures should be treated with pimecrolimus and tacrolimus rather than with corticosteroids, however, topical corticosteroids are recommended on involved skin of the trunk and the extremities besides of flexures. While the improvement of severe AD is reached, the treatment modalities for benign and mild AD should be observed. In all AD patients with active skin lesions antihistaminic drugs of 2nd generation reactive with H1 receptor are a gold standard (or short treatment with these drugs of 1st generation to achieve a sedative effect, followed by the 2nd generation drug), as well as tranquilizers as the combined treatment. There is no reason for the use of anti-leukotriene drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic guidelines in patients with atopic dermatitis. Position paper by the task force of the National Specialists on Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology]. 1568 65

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions in children. Its course is chronic and recurrent. The main symptom of AD is acute pruritus accompanying eczematous skin lesions. Care for the atopic child is an important element of complex therapy and the essential support for the pharmacological treatment. The aim of the care of the children with AD is to eliminate irritants and reduce such symptoms as dryness of skin, itch and sleep disturbances.
 ...
PMID:The care of the child with atopic dermatitis. 1614 38


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>