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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by dryness and itch of the skin. In this study, we measured the phospholipid content and the fatty acid pattern of lesional and lesion-free epidermal keratome biopsies on 15 patients. For comparison, epidermal biopsies were obtained from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. The phospholipid content of atopic epidermis was nearly twice as high as in healthy epidermis. Monounsaturated fatty acids in the phosphoglycerides were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) and n-6 fatty acids were significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) in lesional atopic epidermis compared to lesion-free epidermis. The content of esterified arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine from lesional epidermis was only 49% of that found in healthy epidermis (p less than 0.001). The content of free arachidonic acid was 47% higher (p less than 0.05), whereas the content of free long-chain saturated fatty acids was decreased by 29% (p less than 0.01), in lesional compared to lesion-free atopic epidermis. The disease severity, calculated as an arbitrary index, correlated inversely with the n-6 fatty acid content of lesion-free atopic epidermis (r = -0.89, p less than 0.001). Our findings suggest that atopic epidermis is characterized by an increased activity of phospholipase A2 and an incomplete transformation of phospholipids into other lipid classes.
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PMID:Abnormalities in epidermal lipid metabolism in patients with atopic dermatitis. 198 85

The role of psychosocial stress in the etiology and clinical course of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed neuroendocrine, dermatological, and cognitive responses in healthy subjects and in subjects suffering from psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, respectively. Perceived stress increased the most in psoriatics during the stressor exposure but tended to return faster to baseline in this group than was found for atopics and healthy controls. Growth hormone secretion was attenuated during stress in patients with skin disorders. Overall, neuroendocrine reactivity was similar in the three groups. Dermal flare reactivity was enhanced in healthy controls but perceived itch enhanced in atopics in response to stress. Stress per se was not an important discriminator between groups. Coping style and other cognitive factors turned out to be of significant importance to predict skin reactivity rather than a specific skin disease. The study suggests that psychosocial stress affects the skin reactivity and that cognitive factors modulate such effects. However, a specific skin condition explains only a fraction of the overall variance in skin reactivity to specific stressors.
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PMID:Endocrine and dermatological concomitants of mental stress. 204 85

The most commonly encountered vulvar dermatoses present as cutaneous papules or scaly plaques. The two major categories are the papulosquamous disorders, which include psoriasis, seborrhoea and the 'lichens' (lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, lichen simplex chronicus) and chronic or recurrent infections (tinea, Candida, papillomavirus, herpes simplex). These conditions are morphologically similar, and treatment for one condition may affect the appearance of another. Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC, histologically squamous cell hyperplasia) is a secondary dermatosis, a non-specific cutaneous change indicating the presence of pruritus. Candida, tinea, lichen sclerosus, papillomavirus and topical agents have all been implicated in the development of LSC. Chronic vulvar burning (vulvodynia) is rarely associated with cutaneous change other than erythema, but may occur with vulvar dermatoses, occult Candida or papillomavirus infection, vulvar vestibulitis or cutaneous dysaesthesias. Topical preparations are most commonly used to treat vulvar disorders. Treatment trials typically require several weeks of therapy to determine responses. Allergic reactions to components must be distinguished from irritants, and complications of therapy must be recognised and prevented if possible. Overuse of topical medications, especially steroids, may lead to mycotic superinfection or to rebound dermatoses related to steroid withdrawal. Anxious patients may overclean or overtreat sensitive genital skin in the belief that they are unclean or harbour a sexually transmitted disease. In some situations, systemic medication may offer an appropriate adjunct or alternative to topical therapy.
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PMID:Vulvar dermatoses: common problems in dermatological and gynaecological practice. 209 34

PUPP is a specific eruptive dermatosis in pregnancy, clinically characterized by erythematous papules and plaques with intense itching in periumbilical localization. This disease typically tends to spread to the extremities without involving the head and neck regions. The differential diagnosis of PUPP can be established by immunological and microscopical investigations. Since PUPP is a benign disease with a good prognosis and spontaneous clearing, we recommend only mild symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques in pregnancy]. 226 74

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis consistent with the clinical and histological features of Darier's type of transient acantholytic dermatosis occurred in a man with myelodysplasia. Topical steroids and systemic antihistamines provided temporary and moderate relief from pruritus, but failed to control the dermatosis.
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PMID:Myelodysplastic syndrome and transient acantholytic dermatosis. 226 70

Patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) may develop associated skin disorders. We describe a patient who had xerosis since birth, but who first developed symptoms of aquagenic pruritus soon after he presented with HES. Photochemotherapy with psoralen and UVA treatment reduced his peripheral blood eosinophil count. The good response to treatment suggests that there was a close relationship between the dermatosis and the blood disorder.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus associated with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. 229 96

Transient acantholytic dermatosis is a self-limiting benign disease. It is characterized by multiple pruritic erythematous papules and papulovesicles found predominantly on the trunk and extremities. This primary acantholytic dermatosis affects individuals older than 40 years. We present a case study of an individual who received a regimen of isotretinoin (Accutane) for treatment of severe pruritus after conventional forms of therapy failed to alleviate his condition and abate the formation of new lesions.
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PMID:Transient acantholytic dermatosis treated with isotretinoin. 230 90

A questionnaire about skin rashes and their symptoms was sent to 3877 randomly selected office employees with different degrees of exposure to video display units (participation rate 96.6%). From this group 809 randomly selected persons were examined and interviewed. Itching and burning sensations with few visible signs were more common among persons who were highly exposed than among those in the nonexposed category. Objective facial signs were not significantly more common among persons in the highly exposed category. No dose-response effect was observed regarding the amount of video display unit exposure and objective skin signs. Unilateral skin rashes and skin malignancies were found in the same frequency in both highly exposed and the nonexposed persons. This study does not provide support for the hypothesis that video display unit work induces any recognized type of facial skin disease.
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PMID:Facial skin complaints and work at visual display units. An epidemiologic study of office employees. 231 22

Chlorpheniramine maleate was administered orally (2 mg, q12 h) to 26 cats with pruritic skin disease. Pruritus was completely eliminated in 19 cats, and was reduced by 50% in 1 cat. Six cats had no response to treatment. Serious or long-lasting clinical side effects were not observed in any cat.
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PMID:Efficacy of chlorpheniramine maleate for management of pruritus in cats. 237 Feb 22

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a familial inflammatory skin disorder, which is characterized by extreme pruritus, the typical morphology and distribution, the chronic or chronically relapsing course, and the personal or family case history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis); moreover, we find a variety of additional features, which are either less specific or relatively rare. Although this disease has been well-known since the beginning of the century, we have not clearly understood its pathogenesis so far. This article reviews the reported deviations of the immune system and the alterations of the mediators of inflammation as well as the abnormalities of cyclic nucleotide regulation. These findings are correlated to the clinical symptoms. The following topics have been dealt with in detail: association with HLA-antigens, elevation of serum IgE and generation of IgE immune complexes, numerical and functional deficiencies of T-suppressor cells, involvement of granulocytes, alterations of mediators of inflammation, and particularly, observations on the cAMP-phosphodiesterase. These extremely complex findings, which are based on the interaction between disregulation of the autonomous nervous system and alterations of the immune system, may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis]. 243 53


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