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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 1992-1993 in 12 rural health centers in Mwanza region, Tanzania, a baseline survey was conducted of 964 women attending a prenatal clinic to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to evaluate various screening methods to identify those infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Only 2.7% had ever used condoms. 66% had symptoms (vaginal discharge, genital itching, lower abdominal pain, painful or difficult urination, difficult or painful intercourse) associated with genital tract infection. 37% had abnormal vaginal discharge. 39% had a laboratory-confirmed STD. 49% had a reproductive tract infection. 10.1% had syphilis. 8.4% had gonorrhea and/or chlamydia. Sociodemographic factors associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia included age less than 25 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2), unmarried status (OR = 3.2;), polygamous marriage (OR = 2.3), last child born more than 5 years earlier (OR = 3.2), and more than 1 sexual partner during the last year (OR = 1.7). When the researchers adjusted for these factors, the only signs or symptoms associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia were painful intercourse (OR = 2.1; p 0.02) and cervical discharge (OR = 3.2; p 0.06). The syndromic approach (based on vaginal discharge and/or genital itching and other symptoms related to the genital tract but not necessarily indicative of gonorrhea/chlamydia in pregnancy) had a higher sensitivity than the recommended syndromic approach based only on vaginal discharge and/or genital itching (72% vs. 43%). The risk score approach based on sociodemographic and other factors associated with gonorrhea/chlamydia infection had a higher sensitivity and lower cost/true case treated than other approaches. Yet, its positive predictive value was no greater than about 20%. A combination of case management using the World Health Organization syndromic approach for women with self-recognized genital infections together with screening for gonorrhea/chlamydia using a score-driven approach may be the most cost-effective approach to diagnosing and treating STDs.
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PMID:Risk assessment and other screening options for gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections in women attending rural Tanzanian antenatal clinics. 884 88

A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was carried out to assess the efficacy of inosine pranobex (1 g orally 3 times a day for 6 weeks) in the treatment of symptomatic subclinical human papillomavirus infection of the vulva. In a series of 55 women, 22 patients in the inosine pranobex group and 24 patients in the placebo group were suitable for analysis. A total of 14 (63.5%) of the inosine pranobex treated patients and 4 (16.7%) of the placebo treated patients showed significant vulval epithelial morphological improvement (P = 0.005) at 2 months after initiation of treatment. Whereas 13 (59.1%) and 9 (37.5%) patients in the respective groups showed significant improvement in the severity of pruritus vulvae (P = 0.435). Twelve (66.7%) of 18 patients with morphological improvement compared to 10 (35.7%) of 28 patients with no morphological improvement experienced significant symptomatic alleviation of pruritus vulvae (P = 0.041). Similar results were seen at the second assessment 4 months after the initiation of treatment. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 2 patients in the treatment group and by 2 patients (skin rash) in the placebo group. These adverse reactions were mild and self limiting. It is concluded that inosine pranobex demonstrated a significant pharmacological activity in subclinical HPV infection of the vulva and should be considered an alternative treatment for the condition.
Int J STD AIDS 1996 Jul
PMID:Efficacy of inosine pranobex oral therapy in subclinical human papillomavirus infection of the vulva: a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study. 887 59

An assessment of gynecological morbidity among 385 married mothers of children 6-12 months of age from a district in South India's Karnataka State revealed a high burden of reproductive tract infections. Research methods included clinical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reports. A total of 152 women reported 226 gynecological complaints to a social worker, primarily vaginal discharge with bad odor and itching or irritation (22%), lower abdominal pain or vaginal discharge with fever (16%), and menstrual bleeding disorders or pain (15%). Under more extensive probing by a gynecologist, the proportion of women reporting menstrual problems rose to 62%. At medical examination, 36% of women had at least one clinically diagnosed reproductive tract infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease (11%), cervical ectopy (10%), and genital prolapse (3%). More than half had endogenous infections. The two most common infections, identified by laboratory tests, were bacterial vaginosis (18%) and mucopurulent cervicitis (37%). Sexually transmitted diseases, primarily trichomonal vaginalis, were diagnosed in 10%. Women residing in town, those with 6 or more years of schooling, and women with 4 or more pregnancies were significantly more likely to report menstrual problems. Laboratory-detected vaginosis was significantly higher among urban and sterilized women. There were no significant associations between demographic/socioeconomic status variables and the other reproductive health problems analyzed. Finally, severe anemia was present in 17% and chronic energy deficiency in 12%. The combination of widespread undernutrition/malnutrition and reproductive tract infections revealed in this study indicates an urgent need to take steps to implement the reproductive health strategy outlined at the 1994 Cairo Conference in South India.
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PMID:Levels and determinants of gynecological morbidity in a district of south India. 921 30

This is a study of 189 women attending a family planning clinic in rural South Africa to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections. Genital samples were taken from these women to diagnose infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and HIV, and to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Among the 189 women, 41 (22%) reported having had an STD treated in the preceding 12 months. By direct questioning, 74 women stated the following symptoms: genital itch -- 38 (20%); vaginal discharge -- 56 (30%); dysuria -- 33 (18%); dyspareunia -- 22 (12%); and genital ulcers -- 4 (2%). 45 (24%) women had more than one symptom. 119 (63%) women had at least one genital infection, and 49 (26%) had multiple infections. Most of the infections were asymptomatic; while those that were symptomatic, were unrecognized or not reported. Results showed a high prevalence of genital tract infection among the participating women, with most of their infections remaining asymptomatic or unrecognized. Thus, strategies to detect and treat genital tract infections in rural South Africa need to be developed.
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PMID:Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognised genital tract infections? 958 84

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a frequent inflammatory process in women but it has not been widely studied in female sex workers (FSWs). To estimate the frequency of Candida species infection in FSWs and to identify related risk factors and clinical findings, we carried out a retrospective study of 1923 FSWs over 11 years. We also performed a prospective study of 163 consecutive FSWs with a history of candidiasis during a 4-year period. Candida species were isolated in 1967 samples (18.5% of the total). Candida albicans (89.3%) was the most frequent species, followed by Candida glabrata (2.7%), Candida parapsilosis (1.2%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.4%). In the prospective study of 163 patients, we found vaginal discharge in 76.1% of cases, soreness in 52.1% and vulval pruritus in 32.5%. We identified 12 patients (7.4%) with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. No statistical difference was found between recurrent vulvovaginitis and the use of oral contraceptives, oral sex, tight-fitting clothing and synthetic underwear. FSWs have the same prevalence of candidiasis as other groups of women described in published literature. The proportion of albicans and non-albicans species does not differ between women with recurrent and non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Sep
PMID:Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers. 976 36

Vulvodynia, defined as vulval pain, soreness or burning as opposed to itching or pruritus, is a common and important problem. Although not a sexually transmitted disease, it often presents to physicians working in that field. The main groups of vulvodynia are those where the symptoms are the consequence of an active dermatosis or infection, and those where it is not attributable to such conditions. In the latter group, the patients fall into two main categories: those of dysesthetic vulvidynia, with constant unprovoked pain, and vulval vestibulitis, with pain provoked by attempted vaginal entry. The recent realization that dysesthetic vulvodynia and vulval vestibulitis may be regarded as pain syndromes is proving a fruitful concept as regards both theory and management of these troublesome conditions.
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PMID:Vulvodynia. Theory and management. 989 79

41 sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients aged 16-65 years of mean age 29.8 years in urban Ado-Ekiti were interviewed about their knowledge of STDs, their health-care seeking behavior, and the type and quality of health care services received from their health care providers. 54% were aged 20-30 years, 73% were male, 44% were currently married, and all had some formal education. 20 were recruited from private hospitals and clinics, 13% from pharmaceutical shops, 2 from chemist or patent medicine stores, 1 from a traditional treatment home, and 5 from mission hospitals. No success was had in recruiting patients from the only government health facility in the area. Gonorrhea was reported by 59% of respondents and syphilis by 19%, the major STDs reported overall and subsequently treated. Candida, dysuria, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, trichomoniasis, and STD-related problems were also reported. Respondents reported experiencing pain, burning sensation, discharges, itching, and open sores. Most sought treatment within 7 days of noticing the symptoms, typically from other health institutions before coming to the institutions in which they were interviewed. Respondents sought treatment at a second institution because of their dissatisfaction with perceived poor quality service at the first facility. While attended by modern doctors while looking for a cure, the patients in most cases received only physical examinations since laboratory facilities were non-existent or inadequate. Treatment was mainly chemotherapy, involving antibiotics and analgesics. The health providers also counseled the patients and most reported being satisfied with the quality of treatment.
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PMID:Health-seeking behaviour of STD patients in an urban area of southwest Nigeria: an exploratory study. 1016 52

This study examines the relationship between a history of induced abortion and current or previous sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other gynecologic symptoms. Study participants consisted of a cohort of women attending 2 family planning and 1 youth clinic; 192 were admitted with history of induced abortion and 804 women served as controls. A structured interview to obtain data on previous genital infections and gynecologic symptoms was conducted and gynecologic examination was performed. Various types of STDs and gynecologic symptoms were diagnosed including chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital warts, cervical human papillomavirus infection, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. The study found a high frequency of gynecologic symptoms in women with history of induced abortion such as abnormal vaginal discharges, pruritus, genital malodor, deep dyspareunia and urinary symptoms. Moreover, a history of gonorrhea, genital chlamydial infection, genital warts, and genital herpes were 1.5-5 times more common among women who experienced induced abortion. As a consequence of the 3-fold increase in the history of STDs, the study found a 4-fold increase of a history of pelvic inflammatory disease in women with induced abortion history. Considering these findings, women attending clinics for induced abortions could be a good target population for STD information programs and campaigns.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and gynecologic symptoms and signs in women with a history of induced abortion. 1022 85

To develop a relevant, community-based prevention campaign, the authors examined, using street-intercept interviews, syphilis-related knowledge, circulation of information, and screening and treatment practices among four hundred residents of two inner-city communities in Houston, Texas, where syphilis case rates exceed city, county, and national averages. Although awareness of syphilis was near universal, one-fourth of the respondents thought syphilis was incurable, and a large proportion confused syphilis with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), mentioning discharge and burning or itching in the genital area as symptoms. Almost four out of five respondents were aware of free treatment and screening facilities in the local area, yet, less than two of five expressed the intention to get tested within the next month. Only 22 percent had seen or heard anything about syphilis in the past twelve months. The resultant prevention campaign is discussed along with implications for the development of comprehensive STD prevention and control campaigns in similar poor and underserved communities.
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PMID:Preventing syphilis: lessons from a survey of two inner-city communities in Houston, Texas. 1043 34

Vaginitis resulting from bacterial, fungal, or protozoal infections can be associated with altered vaginal discharge, odor, pruritus, vulvovaginal irritation, dysuria, or dyspareunia, depending on the type of infection. Bacterial vaginosis, which is primarily characterized by a malodorous discharge, is common in women with multiple sex partners and is caused by the overgrowth of several facultative and anaerobic bacterial species. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by pruritus and a cottage cheese-like discharge. Vaginal trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by an anaerobic protozoan parasite, is associated with a copious yellow or green, sometimes frothy, discharge. Differential diagnosis of these infections requires a thorough history, vulvovaginal examination, and simple laboratory tests, including microscopy of the vaginal discharge. The information obtained from this workup should enable an accurate diagnosis. Topical or oral metronidazole is the treatment of choice for bacterial vaginosis; terconazole, or other antifungals, for vulvovaginal candidiasis; and oral metronidazole for trichomoniasis.
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PMID:Treating vaginitis. 1054 57


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