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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The army itch was a chronic, severely pruritic dermatosis which first appeared among soldiers and some civilians early in the American Civil War (1861-1865). As the war progressed, so did army itch, becoming epidemic in the Potomac Valley of Maryland in 1862 and in Virginia in 1864. Immediately after the war, civilian cases traceable to contact with returning soldiers focused attention on the disorder, but the postwar outbreaks were short-lived and the army itch disappeared by the end of 1867. The origin of army itch eluded medical observers of the time, though many considered epidemic scabies to be the cause. Many cases of army itch were successfully treated with scabicides, but the disease had a well-deserved reputation for intractability. After a review of the chronology of army itch and excerpts from the writings of physicians who saw and treated the disease, it is possible to conclude that army itch was epidemic scabies, though the clinical picture was frequently confounded by coexisting pediculosis, prurigo, and other pruritic dermatoses.
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PMID:The "army itch:" a dermatological mystery of the American Civil War. 1684 15

Four new cases of sarcoptic mange in cats are described. Two cats resided in areas known to be frequented by foxes, another cohabited with a dog recently diagnosed with sarcoptic mange, while the final cat lived with a mixed breed dog that had been treated for sarcoptic mange 7 months previously. Three cases were diagnosed on the basis of characteristic mite size and morphology in skin scraping from representative lesions, situated on the head (two cases) or head and distal hind limbs (one case). Mites were highly mobile and abundant in all instances, and easily detected also in skin biopsy specimens procured from two cases. Eosinophilic inflammation, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis were prominent in the tissue sections. In the remaining case, the diagnosis was presumptive, based on characteristic lesions, cohabitation with a canine scabies patient and positive response to scabicide therapy. Pruritus was not a prominent clinical feature in any patient and was considered to be absent in three of the four cases. Lesions in three cats with long-standing disease were reminiscent of crusted scabies (synonym: Norwegian scabies, parakeratotic scabies) as seen in human patients. In three cases, in-contact human carriers developed itchy cutaneous papular lesions. Two cases responded promptly to therapy with systemic avermectin drugs, while one responded to topical treatment with lime sulphur and the remaining cat received both a lime sulphur rinse and ivermectin. Sarcoptic mange should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cats with non-pruritic crusting skin diseases, especially when there is contact with foxes or dogs, and when owners have itchy papular lesions.
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PMID:Crusted scabies (sarcoptic mange) in four cats due to Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. 1695 Jun 39

Several diseases may be confused with scabies. Atypical manifestations of scabies have previously been reported, including urticaria, contact dermatitis, and dermatitis herpetiformis. There are also reports of scabies mimicking bullous pemphigoid. Here we report a case of scabies in a patient with manifestation similar to bullous pemphigoid. Direct smear of the bullous lesions was performed and was positive for scabies mites. The skin biopsy specimens submitted for light microscopy and direct immunofluorescence study were considered to be compatible with bullous pemphigoid. The patient treated with single dose oral ivermectin and prednisolone. The pruritus subsided and the eruption improved dramatically in 2 weeks.
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PMID:A dilemma: bullous-pemphigoid-like eruption in scabies or scabies-induced bullous pemphigoid. 1708 68

Scabies has been a scourge among human beings for thousands of years. Its worldwide occurrence with epidemics during war, famine, and overcrowding is responsible for an estimated 300 million people currently infested. Scabies refers to the various skin lesions produced by female mites, and their eggs and scybala that are deposited in the epidermis, leading to delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Recent immunological findings such as cross-reactivity with house dust mite allergens and an altered T-helper-1/T-helper-2 pattern contribute to a better understanding of the pathomechanism. Furthermore, progress in molecular biology and cloning of relevant antigens could enable the development of a diagnostic ELISA system and candidate vaccines in the near future. Typical and atypical clinical presentations with pruritus as a hallmark of scabies occur in young, pregnant, immunocompromised, and elderly patients and include bullous and crusted (Norwegian) manifestations as well as those masked by steroid use (scabies incognito). This article reviews scabies management strategies in developed countries and resource-poor communities as well as typical complications, including the emergence of resistance and drug-related adverse events. Other problems such as post-scabies eczema and reinfestation, and newer treatments such as ivermectin are also discussed.
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PMID:Scabies: a ubiquitous neglected skin disease. 1712 97

We report an unusual presentation of a previously healthy three-year-old Chinese girl with a four-week history of apparently unexplained generalized intense itch. She had no past history of atopy or xerosis. Despite the severe itch, she had only minimal scratch marks on her right gluteal region but no flexural involvement. The girl was treated as having scabies and eczema and with oral antihistamines by various dermatologists without much improvement. She subsequently presented to a regional hospital with right hip pain and fever. Radiological and histopathological investigations confirmed that she had a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The itch pattern prior to and following chemotherapy, as documented by the DigiTrac wrist-held movement monitor, showed a dramatic reduction of her nocturnal itch. The pattern was also very different from that of atopic dermatitis in that the scratching was of much higher intensity but lower frequency. Intractable pruritus associated with a peripheral T-cell lymphoma has not been previously reported in the pediatric literature. This report serves to alert clinicians of the gold paradigm that in a patient with an unexplained generalized itch, lymphoma and other malignancies must be considered.
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PMID:A malignant itch. 1722 48

The spectrum of dermatoses occurring in travelers returning from tropical areas is poorly documented. We analyzed the relative frequency of travel-associated dermatoses and their possible relationships to travel characteristics in all persons who came to our hospital between November 2002 and May 2003 for a cutaneous disorder related to travel in a tropical country. One hundred sixty-five travelers were included. The main dermatoses identified were infectious cellulitis (12.7%), scabies (10.3%), and pruritus of unknown origin (PUO) (9.1%). Tropical dermatoses accounted for 33.9% of the cutaneous disorders. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant correlations of infectious cellulitis with females, PUO with older age and immigrant status, pyoderma with expatriate status, scabies with tourism and travel to Africa, myiasis with tourism and travel to Africa and America, filariasis with travel to Africa and immigrant status, and cutaneous larva migrans with tourism. Dermatoses diagnosed in travelers returning from the tropics seemed to be influenced by traveler status and region visited.
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PMID:Spectrum of dermatoses in 165 travelers returning from the tropics with skin diseases. 1725 51

Pruritus is a common symptom in many inflammatory skin conditions. In these cases, itch is typically pruritoceptive and is induced by cutaneous inflammation. The most common skin diseases associated with itch are eczemas, including atopic dermatitis, dry skin or contact dermatitis. Scabies has to be excluded. Psoriasis and lichen planus are other common skin disorders associated with itching. Therapy includes local treatment options including hydration with lotions or creams, topical application of Polidocanol, capsaicin or menthol, phototherapy is an option in many inflammatory skin diseases. Systemic approaches include antihistamines, antidepressants, gabapentin or opiate antagonists.
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PMID:[Pruritus in frequent skin diseases and therapeutic options]. 1729 86

Sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in four freshly dead and three net-captured gazelle while ranging freely. The captured animals presented with an alopecic pruritic skin disease with signs of crusted skin lesions, numerous small nodules which first appeared on the lips or nostrils and then it also extended towards the eyelids, around the ears, and, in some cases, over entire face, neck, trunk, and legs. Skin over the affected area gradually became bald, thick and hard, being dry and doughy to the touch, and serous fluid or sometimes blood oozes from the lesions which had a severe malodor. Skin scrapings confirmed the presence of the mite S. scabiei. Histopathology of lesions demonstrated marked acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis. Microscopical examination also revealed all stages of S. scabiei, which were located mainly in the stratum corneum and also in the stratum granulosum. During the capture and sampling of the animals, four persons ranging in age from 25 to 62 years were exposed to scabies. Two relatives of one of them have been also affected by familiar contact. Clinical signs appeared within 9 days of exposure. They developed several pruretic erythematous papules with intense itching.
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PMID:Sarcoptic mange of gazelle (Gazella subguttarosa) and its medical importance in Iran. 1767 3

Bedbugs, lice, fleas and mites are blood-sucking ectoparasites whose bites cause allergic skin reactions. Diagnosis of bites is based on the morphology of the skin eruptions and the pattern of involved skin areas. Confirmation of the diagnosis often requires detection of the causal parasite. The main reservoir for ectoparasites (e.g., bedbugs, fleas, lice and scabies mites) are humans, but animals are also known to harbor ectoparasites (e.g., certain fleas and mites). Fleas, body lice and certain mite larvae in the tropics can transmit infectious diseases, but bedbugs, headlice, pubic lice and scabies mites cannot. Therapy is primarily directed against itching and bacterial superinfections. Pediculosis and scabies are additionally treated with t0pical insecticides. In order to kill freshly hatched larvae, topical treatmentmust be repeated after one week. In the case of pediculosis, people who have come into contact with symptomatic individuals also need to be treated, whereas with scabies, all contact persons must undergo treatment in order toprevent further transmission. Topicalinsecticides, in combination with anti-itch treatment, is usually sufficientto immediately relieve the symptoms and promote permanent healing of the skin lesions.
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PMID:[Lice, fleas and other beasts]. 1772 24

In a limited-resource hospital in Lima, Peru, 23 (63.9%) of 36 healthcare workers developed pruritus and/or skin lesions after contact with a patient with classic scabies. Of these 23, a total of 5 healthcare workers had scabies confirmed by microscopy. Oral ivermectin was used to control the outbreak effectively.
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PMID:Use of ivermectin to treat an institutional outbreak of scabies in a low-resource setting. 1869 Jul 89


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