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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scabies and pediculosis are diagnosed on an almost daily basis in many dermatology offices. Whether the patient seeks medical attention because of the often unbearable itch of scabies or because of the fear of lice infestations, the physician should be on the lookout for these ectoparasitic infestations. Secondary bacterial infection, resistance to medication, and the risk of spread of the infestations to family members and other close contacts may complicate the problem. Patients frequently have to battle the myths, prejudices, and even shame that are associated with such infestations.
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PMID:Ectoparasitic sexually transmitted diseases: scabies and pediculosis. 1559 23

FROM A CLINICAL POINT OF VIEW: Infantile acropustulosis is a rare and little known dermatosis affecting young children. Clinically, it consists of prurigenous vesiculo-pustular lesions characteristically localised on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. NO CONFUSION SHOULD EXIST: The principle differential diagnosis is scabies. The other differential diagnosis is neonatal pustulosis. A CONTROVERSIAL HYPOTHESIS: The aetiopathogenesis is unknown, but some cases of infantile acropustulosis set-in in the course of a genuine scabies, which might suggest a hypersensitivity reaction to Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a benign affection, progressing in flares, occasionally provoking severe pruritus. Treatments are disappointing, and the disease heals spontaneously after a few years.
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PMID:[Infantile acropustulosis]. 1561 44

Ectoparasites, such as lice and itch mites (scabies) as well as yeasts, may be transmitted not only by sexual contact, but also by less intimate skin contact. The nits of the louse are visible to the naked eye, while Candida albicans is detected under the microscope or by culture.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of major sexually transmitted infections in the doctor's office: ectoparasites and yeasts]. 1567 43

In an attempt to determine the prevalence of various skin infections in the homeless population in Marseilles, France, we undertook a case control study. Cases were recruited among institutionalized homeless subjects during two snapshot investigations conducted in January 2002 and 2003 respectively. The control subjects were recruited from among those who presented at a clinic for pre-travel advice. We recruited 498 cases and 200 control subjects. Compared to control subjects, a significantly higher proportion of cases had skin diseases (38% versus 0.5%; p < 0.0001). Pruritus, body-lice infestation, scratching lesions, folliculitis, tinea pedis, scabies and impetigo (ecthyma) were strongly significantly associated with homelessness. The higher prevalence of skin infections in the homeless people mainly results from the body-louse infestation, scabies, bacterial super-infection of skin surfaces that have been breached by frequent scratching and tinea pedis due to poor foot hygiene.
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PMID:Prevalence of skin infections in sheltered homeless. 1617 49

The acaricidal activity of Medifox was evaluated in terms of the itch mites to lend support to the validity of its regimen to treat human scabies. Experiments using mainly females, eggs, and larvae withdrawn from the burrows on the skin of patients with scabies were performed. Permethrin contained in 0.4% aqueous Medifox emulsion was found to affect an itch mite by contact and intestinal routes, without a marked knock-down effect; however, the signs of intoxication are irreversible and lead to the death of Medifox-treated mites. In an in vitro experiment, 100% death of specimens occurred 24-48 hours after immersion of the active stages in the aqueous emulsion for 1 min, depending on the stage of their development. Visual inspection of the course of embryogenesis and the hatch of larvae from eggs under a light microscope established that 20-40-min exposure to Medifox emulsion did not prevent the final formation of a larva and its hatch if the egg was at the late stages of embryogenesis. Long-term (180-min) exposure yielded a 100% ovicidal effect. An in vivo experiment indicated that there were no viable mites in the scabies burrows after single-to-double treatment of patients. Repeated applications are required due to their incomplete ovicidal effect. As a matter of fact, the third treatment is additional to create the "safety factor" of therapy. It is concluded that there is an agreement of the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, by studying Medifox as an example. The findings suggest that the chosen Medifox treatment regimen including three consecutive treatments results in complete eradication of all the stages of the causative agent on the patient.
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PMID:[Acaricidal activity of "Medifox" against the human itch mites Sarcoptes scabiei]. 1621 99

An increased incidence of scabies has been noted in many countries. Difficulties may arise when unrecognized infestations trigger or aggravate other dermatological disorders. We present an instructive case of Darier's disease, which did not respond to appropriate therapy regimens due to constant triggering by an undetected underlying scabies infestation. In this case, a 44-year-old Italian man presented with typical symptoms of Darier's disease. In addition, the patient reported massive pruritus, which is rather uncommon in this disorder. The disease proved recalcitrant to established treatment regimens resulting in excessive treatment costs. We confirmed the diagnosis of Darier's disease by histopathological analysis, and, in addition, detected arthropod fragments in the upper epidermis. Systemic ivermectin and topical allethrin followed by acitretin and PUVA-bath therapy resulted in rapid improvement of the debilitating pruritus as well as alleviation of the symptoms of Darier's disease.
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PMID:[Scabies triggering Darier's disease]. 1628 80

A wide range of clinical manifestations may be seen in scabies, from classic pruritic papules and burrows to secondary features such as impetigo. Bullus lesions are a less frequent. Twenty cases of scabies presenting with bullae have been reported so far in the medical literature. Differentiating this subtype of scabies from the immunobullous disease bullus pemphigoid is a diagnostic challenge. A 42-year-old man was referred to our dermatology outpatient clinic with 3-month history of severe pruritus and tense blisters affecting mainly the lower trunk, arms and legs. An initial biopsy was suggestive for bullous pemphigoid. Close physical examination revealed small excoriated papules and a few burrows on borders of the hands and wrists. Skin scraping of the lesions on wrists was positive for Sarcoptes scabiei. Another biopsy specimen from a recent blister revealed subepidermal bullae with fibrin and inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence exam was negative. The patient was treated with lindane lotion followed by crotamiton cream with near complete resolution of the lesions. Scabies must be considered in patients presenting with recent onset of unexplained pruritic bullous lesions. Biopsy and immunofluorescence studies together with skin scrapings for Sarcoptes scabiei could help to differentiate these cases from bullous pemphigoid. Antiscabietic treatment results in resolution of bullous lesions in the affected patients.
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PMID:Scabies presenting with bullous pemphigoid-like lesions. 1663 87

An outbreak of scabies in a teaching hospital, two nursing homes and six health-care institutions for the elderly, occurred in the Nijmegen area in the Netherlands, between September 2004 and April 2005. In November 2004 the diagnosis of scabies crustosa (scabies norvegica) was made in the index patient - a 78-year-old woman. An atypical presentation, without much itching, as is not infrequently seen in elderly patients, resulted in there being a considerable delay before the diagnosis was made. This resulted in a total of 51 people, both in and outside the hospital, becoming infected. Based on article 7 of the Dutch Infectious Diseases Act, the Municipal Health Service (GGD) advised institutions on the policy and carried out both source and contact tracing. According to this Act notification and cooperation between hospital, care institutions and the GGD are of importance for the effective handling of epidemics. Systemic treatment with ivermectin is the main alternative to local treatment in outbreaks in institutions.
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PMID:[Scabies outbreak in a hospital and in 8 health-care institutions caused by an elderly patient with scabies crustosa]. 1680 75

Scabies is a pruritic dermatosis due to infestation by a mite that stimulates both humoral and cellular immune responses causing cutaneous lesions as well as pruritus. Changes in immune response pattern with treatment are associated with improvement in symptoms and clinical cure. In this study, we analysed the cellular infiltrate types and patterns in lesions of Scabies. Treated patients were divided into 2 groups as those with and without pruritus. In the pre-treatment cases, there was a high incidence of T3, T4, T6 and T8 infiltration in the lesions, with T4 greater than T8. Following treatment, it was noted that T8 density was significantly increased in patients who had resolution of symptoms. It can therefore be concluded that T4 cell dominance is the cause of persistant itching and T8 increase leads to improvement in the pruritus.
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PMID:Cell typing of the scabetic lesion and its clinical correlation. 1671 37

Scabies and lice infestations are almost an everyday diagnosis in the dermatology clinics. Along with the unbearable itch, resistance to medication, secondary infection, and the high risk for spreading the parasite to their close contacts, the patients have also to battle with many myths, prejudice, and shames connected to those infestations.
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PMID:Itch and scratch: scabies and pediculosis. 1671 97


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