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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In early December 1989, an outbreak that was initially thought to be scabies was investigated among employees of tourist hotels in Cozumel, Mexico. Of 417 employees interviewed, only 19 (4.6%) met a case definition for scabies dermatitis, while 91 (21.8%) reported a nonspecific dermatitis of less than one-week's duration. Persons with nonspecific dermatitis related the onset of their dermatitis to skin contact with a moth that had been present in large numbers in November. At the time of the initial investigation in December, there were no active cases of dermatitis and the moth was no longer present. During early January 1990, numerous cases of dermatitis again began to be reported. Using a case definition for nonspecific dermatitis, a survey of Cozumel's resident population showed an attack rate of 12.1%. A case-control study revealed the only significant risk factor to be skin contact with the suspect moth (P less than 0.01), which had returned in large numbers. Six health workers volunteered to have the moth rubbed on their skin; within 5 min, five of six developed an intense pruritus followed by an erythematous rash. The moth was classified as Hylesia alinda Druce. This species has nettling hairs on its abdomen that excrete a histamine-like substance. Although this moth is normally present in small numbers in Cozumel, the passage of hurricane Gilbert killed most of its natural predators (wasps and bees), allowing its population to overgrow. No control measures were undertaken because the moth's natural predators returned that spring and dramatically reduced the moth population. No further outbreaks of dermatitis occurred.
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PMID:Epidemic dermatitis due to contact with a moth in Cozumel, Mexico. 159 50

A multicenter, randomized, investigator-blind controlled trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of a single, whole-body application of 5% permethrin cream with that of 1% lindane lotion for the treatment of scabies in 467 patients. At 14 +/- 3 days after treatment, the mean active lesion count decreased from pretreatment levels of 85 (range, 4 to 600) in both treatment groups to 14 (range, 0 to 133) in the permethrin group and to 15 lesions (range, 0 to 500) in the lindane group. At 28 +/- 7 days after treatment, complete resolution had occurred in 181 (91%) of 199 patients treated with permethrin and in 176 (86%) of 205 patients given lindane. Pruritus due to scabies persisted at 28 +/- 7 days in 14% of the permethrin group and in 25% of the lindane group. The most frequent adverse effects were new or increased pruritus and mild, transient burning or stinging; the latter was slightly more frequent following permethrin treatment and appeared to be related to severity of infestation. Because of a lower potential for neurologic toxicity, permethrin may be preferable to lindane for the treatment of scabies particularly in children.
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PMID:Comparative study of 5% permethrin cream and 1% lindane lotion for the treatment of scabies. 169 22

Scabies was first found in a 71-year-old female who had been diagnosed as having leukemic transformation of primary myelofibrosis and had undergone treatment for the disease. She was admitted to the hospital in December 1986, because of abdominal fullness and a generalized subcutaneous tumor that proved to be myeloblastoma. For treatment of the underlying disease, the regimen of the combination of vindesine, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone was selected. She developed cardiac failure and fell into a coma one month after starting the anticancer therapy. She was put on artificial respiration and on additional steroid therapy as well. Dexamethasone was administrated at 16 mg/day. Since the myeloblastomas found on admission regressed, the steroid therapy was continued. She was in coma for a few days before her skin lesions turned red and formed a grayish crust in the lower abdominal region. Several days later, the doctor responsible for the treatment of this patient developed pruritus and exanthema on both arms, and soon many nurses in the same hospital-ward developed similar symptoms. At approximately the same time, the patient with myelofibrosis was diagnosed as having Norwegian scabies: the crusted skin lesions revealing many Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Two doctors (2/18), 17 nurses (17/19) and 3 other patients (3/51) were found to have contracted scabies, and we recognized the hospital spread of the infection. The first patient was isolated in a private room, and we avoided direct contact with her. The persons with scabies were treated with crotamiton liniment. The first scabies patient died of cardiac failure 1 month after falling into a coma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hospital spread of scabies from an immunocompromised patient with Norwegian scabies]. 176 99

Sexual activity is the primary method of transmission for several important parasitic diseases and has resulted in a significant prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among male homosexuals. The majority of parasitic sexually transmitted diseases involve protozoan pathogens; however, nematode and arthropod illnesses are also included in this group. Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common parasitic STD. Infection with this organism typically results in the signs and symptoms of vaginitis. Trichomoniasis can be diagnosed in the office setting by performing a microscopic evaluation of infected vaginal secretions and can be successfully treated with metronidazole. Both pediculosis pubis, caused by the crab louse Pthirus pubis, and scabies, caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei, present with severe pruritus. A papular or vesicular rash and linear burrows seen in the finger webs and genital area are characteristic of scabies. Pediculosis pubis is diagnosed by observing adult lice or their nits in areas that bear coarse hair. The diagnosis of scabies is confirmed by scraping suspicious burrows and viewing the mite or its byproducts under the microscope. Lindane, 1% used in treating scabies, is also very effective for treating pediculosis pubis. Synthetic pyrethrins, also applied as a cream or lotion, are less toxic alternatives for the treatment of either condition. Oral-anal and oral-genital sexual practices predispose male homosexuals to infection with many enteric pathogens, including parasitic protozoans and helminths. The most common of these parasitic infections are amebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, and giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia. Both entities may cause acute or chronic diarrhea, as well as other abdominal symptoms. Most gay men with amebiasis are asymptomatic, and invasive disease in this group is extremely rare. Both amebiasis and giardiasis can be diagnosed on the basis of microscopic examination of stool specimens, although duodenal aspiration is occasionally necessary to confirm a diagnosis of giardiasis. Multiple treatment regimens exist for amebiasis. Iodoquinol is a good choice for asymptomatic cyst carriers, whereas the combination of metronidazole plus iodoquinol is used for symptomatic patients. Quinacrine and metronidazole are both efficacious in the treatment of giardiasis.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted parasitic diseases. 201 32

Forty-six humans who contacted pigs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei were investigated. Thirty (65.2%) had symptoms of sarcoptes scabies, and S. scabiei mites could be recovered from 20 (66.6%) skin scrapings. Itching was the main symptom. People within the age group of 26-35 years were infested the most. Hands and legs were the most common sites of the lesions, which subsided within 2-3 weeks when the infested pigs were treated and the intimate contact with the pigs was prevented.
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PMID:Pig handler's itch. 211 May 54

Scabies is a mite infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Varieties of this organism can produce disease on 40 different species of animal, including humans. The organisms mature, burrow, and lay eggs. The newly hatched larvae mature and mate on the skin, causing itching and excoriated papules on humans, and mange, with crusts and oozing, on hair-bearing animals. Treatment with the gamma isomer of hexachlorobenzene or with pyrethrins is effective. Care must be taken that all infected or exposed individuals are treated. The role of fomites in the transmission of the disease is not clear. Most cases seem to be transmitted by close personal contact.
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PMID:Scabies. 211 89

Permethrin 5% cream (Elimite) was approved as a treatment for scabies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September 1989. In a double-blinded, randomized study, it was compared with crotamiton 10% cream (Eurax) for the treatment of scabies in children 2 months to 5 years of age. Two weeks after a single overnight treatment, 14 (30%) of 47 children were cured with permethrin 5% cream, in contrast to only 6 of 47 (13%) of subjects treated with Eurax. Four weeks after treatment the figures were 89% and 60% cured for the two agents, respectively. In 10 of the 19 patients whose treatment failed, the condition became worse after therapy. The difference in efficacy in favor of permethrin was significant (P = 0.002). That agent also demonstrated greater effectiveness in reducing pruritus and secondary bacterial infections. Elimite offers a safe, efficacious, and cosmetically elegant alternative to Eurax in the treatment of scabies in children.
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PMID:Comparison of crotamiton 10% cream (Eurax) and permethrin 5% cream (Elimite) for the treatment of scabies in children. 218 39

Although molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and infestation by crab lice do not carry the requirements of partner notification or other long-term consequences, they are among the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease. Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral infection of the skin epidermal layer, most often transmitted by intimate skin-to-skin contact. The lesions often resolve spontaneously over time, but patient discomfort or social reasons may require destructive removal of the lesions. Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The victims continually itch, especially at night, and often seek over-the-counter topical remedies before seeing a clinician. Once a correct diagnosis is made, successful resolution of this disease and its itching can be achieved. Head and pubic lice account for most of the more than three million cases of louse infestation treated in the United States each year. Symptoms of infestation generally include itching that leads to scratching, erythema, irritation, and inflammation. A careful diagnosis followed by disinfection, symptomatic treatment, and psychologic support should result in a complete cure with no long-term effects.
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PMID:The "nuisance" sexually transmitted diseases: molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and crab lice. 224 49

Permethrin 5% cream was used to treat scabies in three large nursing homes under a compassionate-plea protocol for chronic, therapy-resistant infestations. All residents, staff, and frequent visitors were treated whether or not symptomatic. Family members of these groups were treated either when symptomatic or directly exposed to scabies. Nine hundred ninety-five persons were treated, 202 of whom were diagnosed with scabies. Approximately 35% (111 of 313) of nursing home residents were diagnosed with scabies. These were patients in whom multiple treatments with other scabicides were unsuccessful. At the completion of the study, 195 patients were examined for efficacy of treatment. Of these, 91 (46.7%) had clearing of lesions with one medication application, 77 (39.5%) with two treatments, and 23 (11.8%) with three or more treatments. The overall cure rate was 98%. Adverse experiences occurred in 2.4% of cases and were mild (i.e., pruritus and rash).
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PMID:Scabies in nursing homes: an eradication program with permethrin 5% cream. 227 14

Skin infection is common in patients with any skin diseases where pruritus is a prominent feature. A retrospective analysis was performed on the results of skin swab cultures from patients with eczema and a variety of other conditions. This paper presents the findings of bacteriologic culture and sensitivity testing of 131 swabs from 122 patients over a period of 22 months and examines the results in terms of the reported relationship between scabies and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Staphylococcus aureus was most often isolated, and this appears to indicate that antistaphylococcal antibiotics should be the first line of treatment in the absence of the results of cultures.
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PMID:Cutaneous infections in Trinidad. 232 23


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