Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Unwanted effects of beta-receptor blocking agents can be divided into three categories: 1. Those arising specifically from the pharmacologic, i.e., beta-blocking action. 2. Side effects not directly (or not with certainty) related to beta-blockade. 3. Adverse and potentially specific reactions to individual beta-blocking agents. Category 1 covers the majority of adverse effects (heart failure, severe bradycardia and hypotension, arterial insufficiency, increased airways resistance, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoglycemia). These can largely be avoided by proper selection and preparation of patients. Category 2 covers cutaneous reactions (rashes, alopecia, pruritus), purpura (thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic) etc. as well as side effects attributable to the central nervous system (antianxiety effects, nightmares etc.). In the third category the "oculo-cutaneous syndrome" associated with practolol is discussed.
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PMID:Side effects and contraindications of beta-receptor blocking agents. 1 66

Psychogenic "purpura" consists in the spontaneous appearance of recurrent bruising, it is a reality which is still unexplained. Most often woman with an underlying emotional disorder are affected. In addition to cutaneous ecchymoses and hematomas they may have menometrorrhagia, hematuria, epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding in addition to many other complaints encompassing multiple organ systems. Cutaneous bruising is heralded by a burning or stinging sensation followed after a few hours by local warmth, puffiness and erythema, most often with some itching. The pain subsides when the ecchymoses appear a day later or earlier. Blood coagulation and hemostatic tests remain normal in all patients. A rare but poorly studied variety of psychogenic bleeding are religious or other stigmata with periodic bleeding at hands and feet, under the left breast and at the forehead, occasionally with bloody tears. It would be risky to substitute one poorly understood diagnosis (stigmata) with another (hysterical conversion). It is very difficult to distinguish spontaneous psychogenic from selfinflicted iatrogenic bleeding (purpura factitia) because patients may have the same obsessive-compulsive behavior or hysterical trait. Moreover, patients with self-induced bleeding act in a most clever manner and their continuous observation is difficult. The differential diagnosis with the "battered child" syndrome is rather easy. Other bleeding disorders with normal coagulation tests are an inherited failure of the collagen biosynthesis (f.i. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) or congenital or acquired vascular disorders (purpura senilis of Bateman, vitamin C deficiency, morbus Schamberg, purpura annularis of Majocchi, orthostatic purpura). There is virtually no scientific information on the interaction between the nervous system and hemostasis or blood coagulation. The only therapeutic approach in patients with psychogenic bleeding is psychiatric with particular attention to the sociocultural background of the patient and his family.
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PMID:[Psychogenic hemorrhages]. 205 21

Anti-hypertensive drugs, including diuretics and beta-blocking drugs, belong to a group of therapeutics used by about a fourth of the Danish population. As with cytostatics, antibiotics, and topical remedies, they rather frequently cause adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the skin. No exact statistical information is available concerning the extent of such side effects. The information obtained by Danish National Board of Health's Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions shows that 10-60% of ADR from diuretics, beta-blocking agents, and anti-hypertensive drugs are dermatological. The skin symptoms are not unique for any specific drug. But certain symptoms occur more frequently than others. Thiazides can give vasculitis, a phototoxic/-allergic eruption, erythema multiforme, or eczema. The combination of amiloride (5 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg) carries the highest number of recorded ADR; 59% of these are in the skin. Half of the skin ADR are phototoxic eczema. Furosemide may give eczema, purpura, a bullous eruption, or Steven-Johnson's syndrome in rare cases. Methyldopa can induce eczematous eruptions on hands and feet, a lichenoid eruption, a lupus erythematosus-like eruption, or purpura. Hydralazine may give lupus erythematosus-like eruptions, eczema, or urticaria. Non-specific beta-blocking drugs can induce a morbilliform rash and may aggravate psoriasis. Captopril may induce pruritus in up to 15% of the patients and skin eruptions in 2%. The most serious dermatological side effect, exfoliative dermatitis, is very rarely seen following the use of anti-hypertensive drugs or diuretics.
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PMID:Adverse reactions in the skin from anti-hypertensive drugs. 289 92

In many countries, increasing rates of skin eruptions are attributed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They are usually mild, and life-threatening reactions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare. The commonest reactions are pruritus, morbilliform rashes, urticaria and photosensitivity. Urticaria is most frequent in salicylate-sensitive patients, and photosensitivity--a real clinical problem with benoxaprofen--is mainly a phototoxic reaction, predictable from preclinical studies. Other skin reactions are unusual although purpura and cutaneous vasculitis have been attributed to NSAIDs. The main concern is bullous drug reactions--erythema multiforme (EM), SJS and TEN. Whilst EM and SJS have many other causes besides drugs, most cases of TEN are drug-induced. NSAIDs have played an increasing role in the aetiology of TEN and it may be that drugs with a longer serum half-life carry higher risk, especially when administered to patients for infectious complaints who have a predisposing genetic background (HLA-B12). In pre- and post-marketing studies of a new drug, careful attention must be paid to the nature of side-effects, as a high rate of mild reactions belonging to the EM spectrum may be indicative of higher risks of SJS and TEN.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of skin reactions to NSAIDs. 296 Oct 55

A case report is presented of a 43-year-old woman with generalized peliosis hepatitis that developed during longterm use of oral contraceptives (OCs). The patient had been in good health until the last 2 years when she began to experience vague epigastric pains and a feeling of abdominal distension. Several months prior to admission, she had started to complain of itching and fatigue. There was no history of dark urine, white stools, or hepatitis. On physical examination, no jaundice or cutaneous stigmata of chronic liver disease were observed. Laboratory studies showed a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematological blood count. A radionuclide study of the liver showed hepatomegaly; especially the left lobe was enlarged. A computerized tomographic scan of the liver showed multiple areas of decreased density in both of the enlarged lobes. There was no evidence of a tumor. Selective transfemoral angiography of the celiac artery also showed hepatic enlargement but no signs of a space-occupying lesion. At laparoscopy, the liver was grossly enlarged and had a lumpy appearance, but again there were no signs of a tumor. No evidence of veno-occlusive disease or hepatocellular adenoma was found. The diagnosis was peliosis hepatitis. The OCs were withdrawn, and the patient was discharged. Regular follow-up in the outpatient department showed no decrease in the size of the liver. The alkaline phosphatase level rose. The fatigue became worse, and cholestyramine was prescribed for progressive itching. In September 1980, the patient was admitted for reevaluation. A repeated CT scan and angiography of the liver again yielded no evidence of a tumor. Esophagoscopy showed the presence of varices grade 2. The liver at laparoscopy had the same appearance as it had in 1976. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen showed occasional dilated sinusoids and locally marked periportal and intralobular fibrosis. No regeneration nodules were found. The diagnosis was liver fibrosis. The patient's condition deteriorated gradually in the following years. She experienced increasing fatigue. Steatorrhea developed, and the patient lost weight. She needed increasing doses of cholestyramine and oral supplementation of vitamins A, D, and K. She was admitted for a 3rd time in February 1985. Esophagoscopy revealed varices grade 4. A CT scan of the liver showed no change. The patient successfully underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation in January 1987. The diagnosis of peliosis hepatis was well documented in this patient.
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PMID:Generalized peliosis hepatis and cirrhosis after long-term use of oral contraceptives. 312 33

An open study in Belgium assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of auranofin (AF) in treating psoriatic arthritis. The study enrolled 29 patients; median age was 46 years and median duration of disease was 5.5 years. Patients received 6 mg AF daily, given as two 3-mg tablets once a day. Concomitant therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids was permitted. Efficacy of auranofin was apparent by 3 months after the start of treatment, as evidenced by improvement over baseline in number of tender joints, severity of pain, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. After 1 year of auranofin therapy there was 50% or greater improvement over baseline in these parameters in 11% to 41% of the total population, and in 19% to 69% of those who completed at least 1 year of treatment. Diarrhea was reported in 45% of patients, occurring most often during the first 6 months of therapy. Nausea occurred in 10%; abdominal pain in 7%; rash in 14%; and pruritus in 17%. Withdrawals because of adverse events totaled 4: 1 for rash, 2 for pruritus, and 1 for rash, pruritus, and purpura. Auranofin may be considered an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.
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PMID:An open study on the efficacy and safety of auranofin in treating psoriatic arthritis. 347 79

AIDS is known in Central African Republic since 1983: 64 recognized cases have been registered. AIDS is of endemic aspect presenting the main following signs: lost of weight (100%), degeneration of the health status (80%), lymphadenopathy (46%), pneumopathy (44%), diarrhea (40%), candidiasis (21%), Kaposi's disease (16%), purpura (8%), pruritus (8%), Cutaneous anergy to tuberculin or to the 7 antigens (Merieux test) is constant. LAV serology was positive in 61 cases. The number of helper T. cells is less than 400/mm3, and OKT4/OKT8 ratio is less than 0.50. The concerned population is heterosexual with a sexual hyperactivity.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of AIDS in the Central African Republic]. 408 25

We experienced 15 patients with generalized rash, mostly appearing a day or two after breaking a clinical thermometer or during dental treatment. Similar skin manifestations were revealed, suggestive at first glance of mercury exanthem, i.e. diffuse symmetrical erythema predominantly on major fluxural areas. An inverted triangular or V-shaped erythema on both upper antero-medial thighs was a common feature. Severe cases had miliary pustules and/or purpura on erythematous skin. Pruritus or burning sensation was relatively mild. Pyrexia or malaise was a complaint of more than half the patients. Most of the patients had a previous history of contact dermatitis to Mercurochrome, and by patch-testing were found to have contact allergy to several mercurials, especially inorganic ones. Until recently, Mercurochrome had been most widely used as a topical disinfectant in Japan. This seems to be a possible cause of the high incidence of contact allergy to mercurials in this country. From our findings we feel that our patients had developed systemic contact dermatitis due to inhalation of mercury vapor.
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PMID:Mercury exanthem. 619 31

The systemic complications of therapy with lithium are well known, but toxidermia has only been recognised since 1968. The carbonate (Teralithe) is the lithium salt which is mainly responsible, leading to minor dermatoses: oedema, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, purpura, allergic vasculitis, pretibial ulceration. Some more specific conditions have been individualised by their severity and rarity: acne form eruptions, seborrheic dermatitis, follicular keratoses and psoriasis-like dermatosis as well as true psoriasis induced or aggravated by lithium. The authors review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of these toxidermias. The cause of some dermatoses can be explained, especially the allergic vasculitis and psoriasis lesions. The underlying mechanism of most of these conditions remains unknown, but excessive tissue concentrations of the drug probably play an important role in inducing these complications.
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PMID:[Drug eruptions caused by lithium salts]. 624 39

A review of the skin changes in malabsorption syndrome, is presented; dividing the symptoms in skin, mucous membranes and adnexal involvement. In this way, acquired ichtyosis, hiperpigmentation changes, purpura and echimosis and eczematoid or psoriatic-like with generalized pruritus are described. The mucous membranes alterations are the most frequent ones, the angular cheilitis, glositis, ulcerations and aphthaes are pointed out, as well as the changes in the shape and colour of hair and nail abnormalities. Special mention deserve the particular cases of malabsorption syndromes that appears in: acrodermatitis enteropathica, dermatitis herpetiformis, Whipple disease, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, dermatogenic enteropathy and abnormalities that occur as complication from the surgery treatment for obesity improvement.
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PMID:[Cutaneous manifestations of the malabsorption syndrome]. 638 94


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