Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antihistamines are a diverse group of drugs which possess the ability to inhibit various histaminic actions. By and large, they bear a certain structural resemblance to histamine, and act principally to prevent histamine-receptor interaction through competition with histamine for histamine receptors. Consequently, they are helpful therapeutically in preventing, rather than reversing, histaminic actions. Individual antihistaminic drugs act to inhibit histaminic action at one or another histamine receptor (H1 or H2-receptor), but not at both receptors. The large number of antihistaminics which have been available for many years and employed chiefly as 'antiallergic' drugs are classified as H1-receptor inhibitors; they are most effective therapeutically in inhibiting manifestations of histamine-induced wheal and erythema formation and pruritus. H2-receptor inhibitors, agents which are able to inhibit histamine-induced gastric acid secretion, have been developed more recently. Antihistaminics in general and H1-receptor inhibitors in particular, exert a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Their use is frequently accompanied by undesirable side-effects, notably CNS depression, dryness of mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal effects. Used judiciously and in proper dosage, antihistaminic drugs are helpful in the control of allergic disorders, allergic rhinitis and urticaria in particular; newly developed H2-receptor inhibitors show therapeutic promise in the treatment of peptic ulceration.
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PMID:Antihistamines: pharmacology and clinical use. 0 70

Nine cases of Mel B (a melaminyl arsenical used in treating sleeping sickness patients who have developed central nervous system involvement) treated patients who developed reactions to the drug are described. They all developed high temperatures, pyrexia, diarrhoea, vomitting or itching and some had convulsions. Three of the nine described patients died. It is recommended that extra care and caution is needed while treating patients with Mel B.
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PMID:Mel B toxicity in human trypanosomiasis in the Gboko endemic area of Nigeria. 1 38

Unwanted effects of beta-receptor blocking agents can be divided into three categories: 1. Those arising specifically from the pharmacologic, i.e., beta-blocking action. 2. Side effects not directly (or not with certainty) related to beta-blockade. 3. Adverse and potentially specific reactions to individual beta-blocking agents. Category 1 covers the majority of adverse effects (heart failure, severe bradycardia and hypotension, arterial insufficiency, increased airways resistance, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoglycemia). These can largely be avoided by proper selection and preparation of patients. Category 2 covers cutaneous reactions (rashes, alopecia, pruritus), purpura (thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic) etc. as well as side effects attributable to the central nervous system (antianxiety effects, nightmares etc.). In the third category the "oculo-cutaneous syndrome" associated with practolol is discussed.
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PMID:Side effects and contraindications of beta-receptor blocking agents. 1 66

A dose-and-time related-effect of oral phenyltoloxamine citrate, a Class I, H1 antihistamine compound, has been demonstrated against allergen-induced wheal-and-erythema skin reactions among 10 adults with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and seasonal pollinosis. Clinical improvement in the existing symptoms of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, pruritus and sneezing, showed a significant correlation with the inhibition of reagin-mediated skin reactivity caused by phenytoloxamine. No adverse side effects were observed. It can be concluded that oral phenyltoloxamine citrate possesses antihistaminic properties and a range of safety which make it a useful agent for the symptomatic management of upper respiratory allergy.
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PMID:Inhibition of cutaneous and mucosal allergy with phenyltoloxamine. 2 84

Basal cell carcinoma was found in eight of 61 cases of vulvar malignancy occurring over a 20-year period. This incidence of basal cell carcinoma was 13.1%, higher than the expected 2%-5% reported previously in the literature. Symptoms of a mass, usually discharge, pruritus or bleeding, were commonly ignored for long periods of time by the elderly patient. The specific location and size were difficult to ascertain from hospital records. Therapy is always surgical with wide local excision recommended. Local recurrence will be noted in 10%-20%, as vulvar basal cell carcinoma is a multicentric lesion and, therefore, long-term follow-up, as with any malignancy, is mandatory. Adequate identification and reporting may well show that this lesion is more common than has been previously thought.
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PMID:Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva. 4 69

This study evaluates the ability of hydroxyzine and various neuroleptics to suppress histamine-induced pruritus in ten volunteer subjects with the use of a double-blind crossover protocol. The itch threshold was determined in each volunteer by intradermal injection of gradually increasing concentrations of histamine. Volunteers were then given the study drugs and placebo at the same interval of time, under near identical conditions, and the itch threshold was determined. Thiothixene, hydroxyzine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and a lactose placebo were evaluated. Compared to other drugs, hydroxyzine alone was more effective in the suppression of histamine-induced itch. Consequently, hydrozyzine may be more effective in histamine-induced pruritus. The neuroleptic drugs used in this study do not significantly suppress histamine-induced pruritus, but they may be beneficial in nonhistamine-induced pruritus or psychogenic pruritus.
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PMID:Suppression of histamine-induced pruritus by hydroxyzine and various neuroleptics. 4 38

The clinical dermal manifestations induced by hypersensitivity toward mosquito bites were studied in 50 patients of both sexes whose ages ranged between 0 and 15 years. Among 13 forms of lesions found papules and vesicles were the most frequent. A predominance of females when compared to other statistical data was evidenced. The correlation of these lesions with atopy is assessed, and pruritus, scratching and secondary infection are pointed out as factors worsening this state. Among sensitive subjects, skin tests using a 100 UNP concentration of the whole mosquito body extract were the most reliable.
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PMID:[Mosquito: the most frequent cause of prurigo in children. Correlation with the intradermal tests in the diagnosis of allergy]. 4 95

A patient (E.M.) with marked eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulin E (IgE) has been followed for 4 years. Peripheral blood eosinophilia reached levels in excess of 18,000 cells/mm3 and serum IgE concentration increased to more than 210,000 units/ml (about 0.48 mg IgE/ml). The IgE has both lambda and kappa light chains and is therefore considered polyclonal. The patient has an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes which stain for surface IgE. Transfer of the patient's plasma (plasmsEM) to a rhesus monkey did not induce peripheral boood eosinophilia. The half life of IgEEM in a rhesus monkey was 2.2 days, which is similar to the half life of myeloma IgE in human subjects. The condition was not associated with defined morbidity except for mild persistent pruritus. Various studies revealed no evidence for atopic parasitic, immune deficiency or neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Massive polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, eosinophilia and increased IgE-bearing lymphocytes. 4 11

The experimental study of itch was reviewed, and an experiment performed to test the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral counterirritation distal to the itching wrist. Each of the 18 subjects served in all experimental conditions, receiving cowage as the itch stimulus and a placebo. Counterirritation consisted of a 10-sec immersion of the fingers into a 2 degrees C water bath. Lateral differences both in response to cowage and to counterirritation were obtained. In general, counterirritation reduced itch significantly more than the control procedure during the treatment period and the first three intervals following treatment. The results of the present experiment suggest a central mechanism attenuating the sensation of itch.
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PMID:Effects of ipsilateral and contralateral counterirritation on experimentally produced itch in human beings. 5 60

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the usefulness of oral treatment of psoriasis with psoralens and longwave ultraviolet light and the possible cytogenetic hazards of this therapy. 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in doses between 15 and 60 mg orally followed 2 hours later by UVA irradiation of one side of the body gave a healing of the irradiated side in 24 of 40 cases and an improvment in another 11 cases while only one case healed on the side of body that was not irradiated. The most common undesired side effect was pruritus on the irradiated side of the body. The cytogenetic study showed that 8-MOP and UVA treatment of lymphocytes in vitro gives rise to chromosomal aberrations. In a combined in vivo-in vitro study where the lymphocytes had been isolated from a patient 2 hours after intake of 60-80 mg 8-MOP and then irradiated with therapeutic UVA doses, a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was found. When chromosome analyses were made on the patients whilst the 8-MOP treatment was temporarily withdrawn and when the lymphocytes were not irradiated in vitro, no increased frequency of chromosomal abberations was found on comparison with a group of psoriatic patients receiving dithranol therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of psoriasis with oral psoralens and longwave ultraviolet light. Therapeutic results and cytogenetic hazards. 5 73


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