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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of Aujeszky's disease in a cat and a dog belonging to the same owner are reported. The two animals each were five months of age. The symptoms shown by the cat were typical of Aujeszky's disease: intense itching, salivation and the head bent to one side. The main symptoms shown by the dog consisted in salivation, ptosis of one eye, a drooping ear, the head bent to one side and ataxia. As itching was not observed in the dog and the animal had spent the first months of its life in wooded surroundings, it could also have been affected with rabies, although it had been inoculated with LEP-Flury vaccine forty days prior to importation. It is of importance to the practitioner to know that itching may be absent in dogs with Aujeszky's disease and that rabies should also be suspected in these cases. Only a laboratory diagnosis will be conclusive. Studies were negative for rabies, the virus of Aujeszky's disease being found to be present in the two cases. The source of infection probably consisted in contaminated pork offal (larynges).
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PMID:[An atypical case of Aujeszky's disease in a dog (author's transl)]. 16 63

Twenty-three patients with pruritus ani associated with anal mycosis underwent primary treatment of a concurrent anal disorder. The anal disorders included haemorrhoids (n = 9), fissure (n = 8), anal spasm without fissure (n = 5), and occult mucosal prolapse (n = 1). Pretreatment investigation of faeces for parasites was negative. The glucosal tolerance test and white blood cell count were normal in all cases. Culture of skin smears from the perianal region was positive for Candida only in 16 patients, Dermatophytes only in 6 and a combination of both in 1 patient. Following the appropriate proctological procedure, pruritus resolved or markedly improved in 20 patients. The remaining three patients required antifungal treatment with econazole. Two of these, however, continued to complain of pruritus. It is suggested that in patients with pruritus ani associated with perianal mycosis, antimycotic therapy should be used only if fungal infection persists after treatment of the underlying proctological disease.
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PMID:Can proctological procedures resolve perianal pruritus and mycosis? A prospective study of 23 cases. 158 19

A review of the new concepts of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation is presented. The external sphincter is a triple-loop system; each loop can function as a separate sphincter through voluntary inhibition action and mechanical compression. Stress defecation resulting from internal sphincter damage is described. A new technique for repair of rectal incontinence is presented, which depends on inducing continence not only by mechanical compression, but also by voluntary inhibition. The mechanism of defecation and rectal continence is described and four types of incontinence presented. Also, the mechanism of both the levator dysfunction syndrome and prolapse is demonstrated and a technique of repair is presented. The study defines two types of rectal anomalies; suprahiatal and infrahiatal. The role of the embryonic anorectal sinus, anorectal band, and epithelial debris in the genesis of perirectal suppuration, chronic anal fissure, pruritus ani, and hemorrhoids is described. The communicating veins, identified between the hemorrhoidal and vesical plexuses, offer an explanation for the vague pathologic aspects of recurrent bacteriuria, urethral discharge, cervicitis, and vaginitis, and provide a proper line for their treatment. They also serve to perform a new radiographic technique--anal cystography--and to administer drugs, including chemotherapeutics, in the treatment of pelvic malignancies.
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PMID:A concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. 331 51

From 1978 to 1983, 111 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids were treated as outpatients by a modification of the Barron ligation technique. Each ligated hemorrhoid was injected with a sclerosant. Follow-up, available for 94 of the patients, ranged from 2 to 60 months (mean 18 months). Presenting symptoms were bleeding in 75 (80%) of the 94 patients, pain in 46 (49%), pruritus in 22 (23%) and prolapse in 24 (26%). Results were excellent in 51 (54%) patients, good in 20 (21%) and fair in 9 (10%). Fourteen (15%) patients had unsatisfactory results; only 4 of these required hemorrhoidectomy. The other 10 had residual symptoms but did not require further treatment. Nine patients had minor complications, which included pain lasting 24 to 72 hours in seven, bleeding in one and syncope in one. The addition of sclerotherapy to traditional band ligation for the management of internal hemorrhoids has the advantages of exciting a greater inflammatory reaction between the mucosa and submucosa and preventing premature slipping of the band. The authors conclude that this method of therapy is effective for symptomatic hemorrhoids and that surgical hemorrhoidectomy is seldom indicated.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of concomitant band ligation and sclerotherapy for internal hemorrhoids. 406 92

Bowel habit, anal pain or discomfort, pruritus ani and faecal soiling have been assessed in 82 patients with uncomplicated, prolapsing haemorrhoids before and after successful treatment (improvement in rectal bleeding and haemorrhoidal prolapse) by haemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation. An age and sex-matched control group of patients without haemorrhoids was similarly assessed. The bowel habit of the haemorrhoid group was not different from that of the control population. Pain or discomfort, pruritus and faecal soiling were much commoner in the pretreatment haemorrhoid group, compared to controls. Treatments designed to abolish rectal bleeding and prolapse (the cardinal symptoms of haemorrhoids) also reduced the incidence of these three symptoms. Only anal pain or discomfort, however, was reduced to the incidence found in the control group. Haemorrhoidectomy and rubber band ligation appeared equally effective in controlling all three symptoms. It is concluded that anal pain or discomfort, pruritus ani and faecal soiling are common symptoms of uncomplicated haemorrhoids and that they are abolished in the majority of patients by successful treatment for rectal bleeding and haemorrhoidal prolapse.
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PMID:The importance of pain, pruritus and soiling as symptoms of haemorrhoids and their response to haemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation. 697 87

Fifty patients with first or mild second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to sclerosant injection (26) or rubber band ligation (24). One year after treatment 24 injection and 22 rubber band ligation patients were assessed. All patients presented with rectal bleeding; injection relieved 14 and rubber band ligation relieved 17 of this symptom (N.S.). Three of seven patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids who had sclerosant injections and five of seven who had rubber band ligation were relieved of this prolapse. However, a further six patients in the injection group developed prolapse for the first time during the one year follow-up period (p less than 0.05). Rubber band ligation relieved anal pain in 10 out of 14 patients whereas injection relieved only one patient of this symptom (p less than 0.05). Neither treatment influenced pruritus ani or faecal soiling. Although rubber band ligation caused more treatment discomfort, it is an effective management for first and mild second degree haemorrhoids and it should be considered as the procedure of choice.
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PMID:Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids-- a prospective clinical trial. 704 18

Two siblings with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis were reported. The brother died at 4 years of age because of hepatic failure followed by persistent obstructive jaundice starting at 4 months of age. The sister had unique clinical features, including recurrent obstructive jaundice since early infancy, radiopaque gallstone and neurological abnormalities which were cerebellar ataxia, bilateral ptosis, hyporeflexia and visual disturbance involving retinal degeneration and optic atrophy. She had a coarse facial appearance, camptodactyly and sclerotic skin with many scratch marks. Persistent high levels of serum bile acids were found while the patient was icteric and even anicteric, though serum cholesterol levels were approximately within normal limits. The serum lipoprotein-X was negative whenever examined. Cholestyramine treatment gave incomplete relief from pruritus but resulted in no improvement in her clinical course.
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PMID:Familial cholestasis with gallstone, ataxia and visual disturbance. 711 42

The authors treated in 1983-1993 72 patients with vulvar varicosities who suffered particularly during pregnancy. Typical symptoms are pruritus, pain caused by pressure in the vulvar area and the sensation of prolapse. According to the authors surgical treatment is unnecessary and involves risk. They recommend compressive sclerotherapy as described by Fegan, using sodium tetradecyl sulphate S.T.D. Hegefort England not only in case of a marked clinical symptomatology but also as prevention of dangerous haemorrhage during delivery.
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PMID:[Vulvar varices]. 755 1

The coronal incision used for brow lift procedure has a high rate of localized alopecia, widening, and depression of the scar at the suture line. Other sequelae of the standard coronal brow lift incision procedure are "stretch-back" with a recurrent brow ptosis, poor brow elevation, and numbness beyond the incision line. Factors causing alopecia are tension, use of a monopolar cautery, use of key sutures with undue tension, one-layer closure, and sutures left too long. Recurrent brow ptosis may be due to anterior displacement of the posterior scalp flap, stretching of the anterior frontal skin flap, or insufficient power of the weakened frontalis muscle. Poor brow elevation may be due to unsatisfactory dissection on the glabella and orbital rims. Numbness and itching beyond the incision line are due to a low coronal incision. To avoid these problems, the following principles were followed: (1) If not contraindicated, the incision is made high on the vertex of the head, posterior to a biauricular line. (2) The pericranium is included in the frontal flap starting at the incision lines. (3) The subperiosteal dissection is continued down to the orbital rims and nasal bones. (4) The release of the periosteum at the arcus marginalis or just above allows repositioning of the brow structures. (5) The inelastic pericranium maintains the position of the elevated structures and avoids stretching of the frontal skin. (6) The integrity of the frontalis muscle is maintained completely. (7) Two large triangles of scalp resected in the posterior flaps allow fixing the position of the posterior scalp and match better the length of the anterior flap. (8) The galea periosteal rim flap allows anchoring of the frontal flap to the undersurface of the posterior scalp flap. This stabilizes the closure with minimal tension on the hair-bearing portion of the scalp. The wide surface of contact avoids depression and widening at the suture line. (9) Closure with skin staples avoids constriction of the hair follicles. (10) Hemostasis is done with a bipolar cautery. (11) No through-and-through key sutures are used. Some of these principles were introduced to the endoscopic subperiosteal forehead lift. The modifications mentioned above have been used in 92 open brow/face lift procedures with excellent aesthetic and functional results and minimal complications.
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PMID:The anchor subperiosteal forehead lift. 1130 18

On the initiative of the Dutch Surgical Society a consensus meeting was held on December 3rd, 1993 in Utrecht, the Netherlands by the National Organisation for Quality Assurance in Hospitals (CBO), on the diagnosis and treatment of haemorrhoids. The following statements were formulated. Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions, covered by mucosa, originating from the plexus rectalis superior, and are part of the normal anatomy of man. Complaints from haemorrhoids occur if they prolapse. The usual 4-grade classification of haemorrhoids has no direct impact on their treatment. Portal hypertension is not a cause of haemorrhoids. Blood loss, a sensation of prolapse, pruritus and soiling are non-specific symptoms of haemorrhoids. Anaemia may only be attributed to haemorrhoids after other pathology has been excluded. Acute massive anorectal blood loss is frequently caused by traumatic damage to the rectum. Anticoagulant therapy is a risk factor. The presence of unexplained perianal skin lesions neccessitates further proctologic investigation. Haemorrhoids are not palpable on rectal digital examination. In patients under 50 with anorectal blood loss and a history of haemorrhoids, a proctoscopic examination is sufficient. Anorectal blood loss in patients over 50 requires exclusion of higher pathology. The regulation of defaecation and eating habits can have a preventive effect on the development of haemorrhoids. Conservative measures form the basis of treatment for haemorrhoidal complaints. Local antihaemorrhoidal treatment can only be expected to give short-term relief and is not a causal therapy. Barron elastic band ligation and sclerosing, in addition to infrared coagulation are treatment modalities in the outpatient setting that are very effective, inexpensive and optimally patient-friendly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Consensus hemorrhoids (Dutch Society for Surgery)]. 783 Aug 34


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