Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The skin is a highly exposed organ during vacation times, especially during travel to countries with subtropical and tropical climates. Prolonged stay in these countries significantly increases the risk of contracting rarely seen dermatoses such as leishmaniasis, larva migrans and myiasis. The bites of various flies may provoke itching and excoriations that may be infected with Staphylococcus aureus and/or hemolytic streptococci, resulting in impetigo, furunculosis or erysipelas. Elderly persons spending weeks in the tropical sun may develop drug-induced phototoxic or photoallergic rash due to concomitant medication for cardiovascular or rheumatic diseases. Acute sunburn is considered a short-lasting problem, but in children it increases the risk of malignant melanoma in later years. Also of concern is chronic UV exposure, which increases the risk of premalignant and malignant skin tumors. Finally, mucocutaneous manifestations arising weeks and months after returning from vacation should raise suspicions of sexually transmitted syphilis and HIV.
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PMID:[Dermatologic problems arising during foreign travel]. 1625 Oct 95

The rise in incidence of malignant melanoma and the dismal prognosis of late detection emphasize the need for early detection and recognition of the disease. The well-known ABCD method for detection of melanoma has recently been revised by adding an "E" for changes in size, shape, color, crusting, itching, bleeding, and erythema. In an observational study, 8 of 14 (57%) melanoma patients exhibited a particular reddish hue to the skin adjacent to the melanoma, with no distinguishable borders. In another study, vascular endothelial growth factor was positive in biopsy specimens from 3 of 6 (50%) patients with erythema and in 4 of 7 (57%) patients without erythema. Platelet-derived growth factor was positive in all 6 (100%) of the patients with erythema and in 4 of the 7 (57%) without erythema. This erythema can help alert the clinician to the presence of malignant melanoma and serve as a prognostic factor or an indicator of the efficacy of treatment.
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PMID:A possible additional diagnostic tool for cutaneous melanoma. 1695 34

A rare case of amelanotic vulvar melanoma is presented. The patient was a 71-year-old woman complaining of vulvar itching and yellowish vaginal discharge who underwent a complete gynecological evaluation during which a suspicious grey-whitish mass on her vulva was observed. The tumor presented superficial ulceration and was located in the upper half of the labia minora and clitoris. Initially it was suspected to be a vulvar carcinoma. A biopsy was taken and a histopathological suspicion of amelanotic melanoma was rendered. The mass was radically excised and the diagnosis was confirmed using HMB-45, Melan-A and anti-S-100 protein antibodies. Malignant melanoma is readily diagnosed by the presence of melanin granules. Although amelanotic melanoma contains a few melanin granules, it is often difficult to differentiate it from other non-epithelial malignant tumors. This report describes a case of amelanotic melanoma of the vulva, which was correctly diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining with the HMB-45, Melan-A antibody and for the S-100 protein.
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PMID:Amelanotic vulvar melanoma: case report and review of the literature. 1851 30

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and pilonidal cysts are chronic, inflammatory skin conditions involving apocrine gland-bearing skin. Treatment is limited and unsatisfactory. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported to be safe and effective in the treatment of several off-label skin conditions. We report the case of a 29-year-old man affected by HS and pilonidal cysts since the age of 21. In the past, the patient was treated with antibiotics, corticosteroids and retinoids, without significant clinical improvement. Treatment with methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)-PDT was started. A topical MAL cream (Metvix) was applied to the affected areas with an occlusive dressing for 3 h and irradiated with a red light source. Therapy was repeated every 15 days for a total of nine applications. The patient completed a 6-month follow-up and achieved an almost complete clinical remission of the skin lesions (80%) and complete resolution of the itching and discomfort. This is the first case of HS associated with pilonidal cysts treated with MAL-PDT. MAL-PDT was effective and well tolerated in our patient. The costs of this therapy represent an important limitation, taking into account the high number of sessions that were performed compared with non-melanoma skin cancers.
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PMID:Methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and pilonidal cysts. 1943 99

Recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and adhesion or costimulatory molecules may represent important immunogenic reagents for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, intranodal (IN) antigen administration was suggested to be more immunogenic than intradermal (ID) vaccination. However, IN rVV administration has not been attempted so far. We used a rVV encoding gp100(280-288), Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and tyrosinase(1-9) HLA-A0201 restricted epitopes and CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in stage III and IV melanoma patients in a phase 1/2 trial. Of 15 patients initiating treatment, including two cycles of IN immunization, each comprising one rVV administration and three recall injections of the corresponding peptides, accompanied by subcutaneous granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor supplementation, five withdrew due to progressing disease. Of 10 remaining patients seven showed evidence of induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) directed against at least one epitope under investigation, as detectable by limiting dilution analysis (LDA) of specific precursors and multimer staining. Adverse reactions were mild (National Cancer Institute (NCI) grade 1-2) and mainly represented by fever, skin rashes, and pruritus. These data indicate that IN administration of rVV encoding melanoma-associated epitopes and costimulatory molecules is safe and immunogenic.
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PMID:Intranodal immunization with a vaccinia virus encoding multiple antigenic epitopes and costimulatory molecules in metastatic melanoma. 1993 76

Past studies have identified a number of distinct mechanisms that contribute to the resistance of melanoma cells against apoptosis induced by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In this report we show that cystatin B is another endogenous inhibitor of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cystatin B-deficient melanoma cell lines established by shRNA knockdown displayed increased apoptosis that was associated with enhanced activation of caspase-8 induced by TRAIL. This was not related to the inhibitory effect of cystatin B on the lysosomal cysteine proteases, cathepsin B and L, as they did not have a role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in most melanoma cell lines even when cystatin B was inhibited. Instead, sensitization of melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibition of cystatin B appeared associated with decreased stability of FLIP(L) as the levels of FLIP(L) were reduced because of shortened half-life time in melanoma cells deficient in cystatin B. In contrast, over-expression of cystatin B increased the levels of FLIP(L), decreased the amount of the E3 ligase Itch associated with FLIP(L), and reduced FLIP(L) ubiquitination. Inhibition of Itch by siRNA restored the levels of FLIP(L) and blocked sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis associated with deficiency in cystatin B. Taken together, these results indicate that cystatin B regulates Itch-mediated degradation of FLIP(L) and thereby TRAIL-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells.
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PMID:Cystatin B inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptosis is associated with the protection of FLIP(L) from degradation by the E3 ligase itch in human melanoma cells. 2030 Jan 10

Malignancies of the anal margin and perianal skin are relatively uncommon lesions, comprising 3 to 4% of all anorectal malignancies. Commonly included in this group of cancers are Bowen's disease (intraepithelial squamous cell cancer), perianal Paget's disease (intraepithelial adenocarcinoma), invasive squamous cell cancer, basal cell cancer, and malignant melanoma. Buschke-Lowenstein tumor, or giant condyloma acuminatum, is not always included because this lesion is technically benign, although it displays aggressive local invasive behavior that makes it difficult to manage. Complaints are usually nonspecific, such as itching or burning, bleeding, pain, drainage, or a mass. Proper diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion on the part of the surgeon. Innocent local irritations will resolve in a short time with appropriate therapy; those that persist must be biopsied for tissue diagnosis. Wide local excision is the mainstay of treatment for early stage tumors as it preserves continence and obtains adequate local control. Adjunct therapies have been utilized in more advanced or recurrent lesions, including radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and imiquimod. All have met with a fair amount of success in controlling local disease; however, the number of patients treated in each instance is small, making it difficult to design an evidence-based treatment strategy. Invasion and metastasis are relatively rare in this group of neoplasms; perianal Paget's disease has the highest risk of associated underlying neoplasm. The most important consideration in developing a treatment strategy is which strategy would achieve the best clinical result with the least morbidity to the patient.
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PMID:Malignancies of the anal margin and perianal skin. 2043 38

Although a study using eye-tracking technology to assess the focus of attention when evaluating the beauty of a face demonstrated a marked attentional preference for the eye area (Cula, G.O. et al., Abst P1636), the skin at large is a main factor that reveals information about a person to everyone else with whom he or she comes into contact. Be it because of disease or because of aging, improving the appearance of the skin is as important as relieving pain, itch or other troublesome symptoms caused by skin diseases. Moreover, this can be much more important in a place like South Miami Beach, where bare skin is revealed on much more than just the face ... at least under normal circumstances, when the weather is not as surprisingly chilly as it was in March 2010 during the AAD annual meeting However, if beauty is very important for many people, health is important for everybody, and important news was also discussed on treatments for common and less common cutaneous diseases, ranging from psoriasis, acne and atopic dermatitis to a broad range of blistering, papulosquamous and granulomatous diseases. These are among the most important issues reviewed in the following report, which in combination with expert insight interviews freely accessible from the Access Dermatology website and the full abstracts from the meeting, available for download from the AAD website, will hopefully improve dermatologists' approach to treating skin diseases through use of the most novel therapies. Treatment is important, but so is prevention, and in that sense an important issue discussed during the meeting, which was nicely covered in an interview with Dr. Darrell S. Riegel from the Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at the New York University School of Medicine, was that protecting the skin from sunlight and artificial tanning beds is essential for preventing malignancies such as melanoma, while not jeopardizing adequate availability of active vitamin D. A fitting message is: "It's cold, but even if it wasn't, cover your skin... even in Miami".
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PMID:A report from the 68th annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (March 5-9, 2010 - Miami, Florida, USA). 2057 13

For a long time, visual exploration has been the main strategy in dermatology. Melanoma diagnosis is established with symptoms like pruritus, scars and bleeding. The incidence of melanoma and its high mortality led to the use of dermoscopy, which has shown good results for identification, prevention and diagnosis of malign melanoma.
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PMID:[The impact of dermoscopy in clinical practice]. 2060 94

Metastatic melanoma is a skin cancer with poor prognosis. In situ photoimmunotherapy (ISPI) is a promising modality for the treatment of metastatic melanoma that combines local, selective photothermal therapy with immunological stimulation. A preliminary clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of ISPI for late-stage melanoma patients using imiquimod as the immune modifier. Eleven patients received ISPI in one or multiple 6-week treatment cycles applied to a 200-cm2 treatment site, which usually contained multiple cutaneous metastases. ISPI consisted of three main components applied directly to the cutaneous metastases: 1) local application of topical imiquimod; 2) injection of indocyanine green (ICG); and 3) an 805 nm laser for local irradiation. All patients completed at least one cycle of treatment. The most common adverse effects were rash and pruritus at the treatment sites. No grade 4 toxicity was observed. Complete response was observed in six patients. All lesions in the treatment area of the patients responded to ISPI, eight of which achieved complete local response (CLR). CLR was observed in the non-treatment site (regional) lesions in four patients. Five patients were still alive at the time of last follow-up. The probability of 12-month overall survival was 70%. This study demonstrates that ISPI with imiquimod is safe and well tolerated. The patient response rate is promising. ISPI can be easily applied on an outpatient basis and can be combined with other modalities to improve the therapeutic response of metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Clinical effects of in situ photoimmunotherapy on late-stage melanoma patients: a preliminary study. 2117 99


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