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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The eye reacts to foreign substances through a variety of specific and non-specific defense mechanisms. Constantly exposed to a great variety of microorganisms, the eye is capable of protecting itself without altering its own structure and function. Its resistance relies upon anatomic and physiological properties of its external components (eyelids, tears, conjunctiva and cornea). Most of the times, the conjunctiva becomes affected, resulting in a clinical picture of conjunctivitis where allergy predominates, expressed as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis and flictenular conjunctivitis. The physiopathology is considered to be of type I reaction (IgE mediated). Frequent complains often associated with other allergic diseases are: pruritus, tearing, photofobia and ocular redness. The diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis in done by means of a throughout clinical history, conjunctival citology and evaluation of specific IgE with immediate skin tests. Treatment is symptomatic (antihistamines, antibiotics and/or topic steroids), but prevention (environmental control and sodium cromoglycate) and specific immunotherapy must be considered.
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PMID:[Allergic conjunctivitis]. 130 89

A multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group clinical study compared the efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution and cromolyn sodium 4% ophthalmic solution in 120 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. On various follow-up visits, the clinical efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% was statistically superior to cromolyn sodium 4% in alleviating four of the primary symptoms (itching, tearing, foreign-body sensation, and discomfort) and five of the primary signs (Trantas' dots, palpebral conjunctival changes, bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, erythema/swelling of the eyelids and periorbital tissues, and epithelial disease). At no time during the study was cromolyn sodium 4% statistically superior to lodoxamide 0.1% in demonstrating improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The physician's clinical judgment of patients' response to treatment showed lodoxamide 0.1% effected a greater and earlier improvement than cromolyn sodium 4%. Both drugs were safe for topical ophthalmic use when used four times daily for up to 28 days.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% vs cromolyn sodium 4% in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 159 53

In a placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial, the authors evaluated the effects of topical 2% cyclosporine on 20 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Nineteen patients were male and one was female. Patients ranged in age from 5 to 19 years (mean, 9.7 years). Symptoms of itching, tearing, photophobia, discharge, and foreign body sensation were evaluated and recorded at weekly intervals for a period of 6 weeks. There was a statistically significant decrease in the conjunctival hyperemia, papillary hypertrophy, punctate keratitis, and Trantas' dots in the group of patients treated with cyclosporine but not in the group treated with placebo. No adverse effects and no detectable levels of cyclosporine were noted in the blood in the cyclosporine-treated group. Cyclosporine appears to be safe and effective for the short-term treatment of VKC.
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PMID:Topical cyclosporine in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 180 Sep 29

This 9-year-old boy had a three-year history of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. A shield ulcer developed in the superior part of the cornea. The shield ulcer is a rare manifestation of the disease. Although the cause of shield ulcer is unknown, the association of shield ulcer with large papillae suggests a mechanical cause. The symptoms of itching and mucous discharge were relieved after medications with topical steroid and cromolyn sodium, but the large shield ulcer was persistent. The vernal ulcer was treated with a 72 hours collagen shield. The ulcer healed rapidly within 5 days, leaving a corneal opacity about the level of Bowman's layer.
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PMID:Vernal keratoconjunctivitis with shield ulcer--a case report. 184 37

The steroids in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) are not always effective and may result in glaucoma. Cromolyn sodium inhibits degranulation from mast cells, thus preventing release of prostaglandins and the mediators of inflammation when used topically. Aspirin, which blocks the production of inflammation-producing prostaglandins in mast cells released in VKC, especially prostaglandin D2, was used orally in 11 patients with intractable VKC of mixed type with limbal predominance. The chi 2 test of combined therapy showed a significant improvement in itching, lacrimation, and limbal edema (P less than .005) and improved photophobia, palpebral lesions, and corneal staining (P less than .02) at six weeks.
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PMID:Evaluation of combined systemic aspirin and cromolyn sodium in intractable vernal catarrh. 212 Oct 83

The efficacy of topical sodium cromoglycate and medrysone was evaluated in 38 patients suffering from atopic keratoconjunctivitis. It was found that medrysone (1%) significantly improved the symptoms of itching, watering, photophobia and hyperaemia, while sodium cromoglycate (2%) was found to be ineffective. Tear prostaglandin E2 and histamine levels did not decrease significantly after sodium cromoglycate therapy. The findings of the present study reveal that sodium cromoglycate has no significant role in the management of atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
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PMID:Evaluation of sodium cromoglycate and medrysone in the management of atopic keratoconjunctivitis: a double masked clinical study. 309 62

We performed a controlled, randomized, double-masked, double-crossover clinical trial topically administered cromolyn sodium (4%) in 11 patientas with atopy and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Statistically significant differences were noted in conjunctival injection, superifcial punctate keratitis, mucous production, and itching when eyes treated with cromolyn were compared to those treated with a placebo. The drug was well tolerated by all patients.
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PMID:Randomized clinical trial of topically administered cromolyn sodium for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 677 37

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common disorders of the external eye. Hypersensitivity of the conjunctiva to foreign substances is characterized by discharge, redness, itching, irritation, swelling, light sensitivity, and tearing. The tear fluid contains a small amount of eosinophils and histamine. Allergic eye conditions can be classified into four categories. They are hay fever conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Allergic conjunctivitis disorders. 765 Apr 9

In a 4 week double masked comparative study, patients received 2% nedocromil sodium (48), 2% sodium cromoglycate (48), or placebo eye drops (42), four times daily, for the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Clinical examinations of eye condition and symptom severity were made before and after a 1 week baseline before starting test treatment, and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment. Patients kept daily diary card records of symptom severity and concomitant therapy. At the clinic, significant improvements were seen with both active treatments after 2-4 weeks. During the final visit, significant benefits over placebo were recorded for five ocular signs with nedocromil sodium and three with sodium cromoglycate, bulbar and lower tarsal chemosis being better controlled by nedocromil sodium (p < 0.05 v sodium cromoglycate). Diary card trends showed improvement with all three treatments, which was greatest with nedocromil sodium and least with placebo. Compared with placebo, both the active drugs produced statistically significant improvements in general eye condition during weeks 1-2, and nedocromil sodium significantly reduced itching within the first week. Overall, nedocromil sodium had the greatest effect on symptoms, although diary card data revealed no statistically significant differences between the two active drugs. In conclusion, both 2% nedocromil sodium and 2% sodium cromoglycate were effective in controlling VKC when administered four times daily into the eyes, while the marked anti-inflammatory activity of nedocromil sodium was apparent in its more pronounced overall therapeutic effect.
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PMID:A double blind placebo controlled group comparative study of ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 802 71

A multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study compared the long-term efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution and placebo in 118 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The test drugs were instilled four times daily for 90 days. Lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution was significantly (P < .05) more effective than placebo in lowering severity scores for epithelial disease and corneal staining, evidence of the superior efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution in reversing the corneal complications commonly associated with moderate to severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Additionally, lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution ameliorated the other key signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, including upper tarsal papillae, limbal signs (papillae, hyperemia, and Trantas' dots), and conjunctival discharge. The between-group differences in the relief of symptoms (itching, tearing, and photophobia) were clinically significant but not always statistically significant. Treatment-related adverse events were reported with similar frequency in both treatment groups, and none were serious.
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PMID:Efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution in resolving corneal epitheliopathy associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 815 31


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