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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy is generally a self-limiting condition that occurs in the last trimester and disappears within 1-2 weeks after delivery. The cases of two women who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are presented. After delivery, pruritus and jaundice increased and the maximal level of bilirubin reached 500 and 433 mumol/L, respectively (normal, < 20 mumol/L). A familial aggregation was present in one case. Extensive laboratory, radiological, and histopathological investigation showed no other cause of jaundice. Cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, evening primrose oil, and ultraviolet light were used without evidence of efficacy. On the other hand, after corticosteroids were given pruritus ceased and biochemical alterations became normal 35 and 43 weeks, respectively, after delivery. During follow-up 2 years after delivery in one patient, symptoms have not recurred and liver function tests have remained normal. A therapy-resistant dry cough in the other patient is described as a new clinical symptom of severe cholestasis.
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PMID:Prolonged postpartum course of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. 816 42

A wide range of nonpsychiatric medical conditions can cause delusions. We present a 62-year-man with pruritus due to obstructive jaundice, who developed delusions of parasitosis, which he considered to be the reason for his pruritus++. The holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment of this combined disorder is important.
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PMID:[Pruritus due to obstructive jaundice, with delusions of parasitosis]. 884 86

The authors report seven patients with carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). All patients were women, with an average age at diagnosis of 49.8 years (range, 37-67 yrs). The most common presenting symptom was painless jaundice with or without pruritus. Although one patient had peptic ulcer disease before the onset of obstructive jaundice, none had systemic endocrine manifestations. These neoplasms were most often located in the common bile duct. Grossly, the carcinoid tumors were usually nodular and poorly demarcated, and ranged from 1.1 to 2.7 cm in size. Only one of the neoplasms was polypoid. Microscopically, the tumors had a trabecular or nesting pattern with occasional tubule formation, and were composed of relatively small cells with granular chromatin. All of the neoplasms expressed chromogranin and two expressed synaptophysin. Three expressed serotonin and two of the three were also immunoreactive for pancreatic polypeptide or somatostatin. Two tumors were focally positive for gastrin and one of these two tumors was also positive for serotonin and pancreatic polypeptide. All seven carcinoid tumors showed no immunoreactivity for p53, and assays for p53 loss of heterozygosity analysis were negative in two, suggesting that p53 mutations do not play a role in the pathogenesis of EHBD carcinoids. A mutation in codon 12 of K-ras was found in one carcinoid tumor whereas two of two showed immunoreactivity for Dpc4 protein. In view of the small number of carcinoids studied, the importance of these findings in the pathogenesis of these tumors is unclear. Ultrastructural examination of three of the tumors revealed numerous membrane-bound, round neurosecretory granules. Clinically, these lesions had an indolent course. Even in the presence of lymph node metastases (noted in two patients), all of the patients remained disease free 2 to 11 years (average follow up, 6.6 yrs) after segmental resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure). Because carcinoid tumors of the EHBD are of low malignant potential, they should be separated from the more common adenocarcinomas in this location.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts: a study of seven cases. 1107 51

Papillomatosis of the biliary tract is characterised by multicentric papillary lesions of intra and extrahepatic biliary epithelium. It's a rare benign neoplasm of the biliary tract that causes obstructive jaundice with a high rate of malignant transformation. We described a case of papillomatosis of the biliary tract in a woman of 75-years-old, who came to our observation with jaundice, pruritus and fever. The surgical treatment consisted of cholecystectomy, choledochotomy and positioning a definitive T-Tube. We described our experience and the evolution of this disease.
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PMID:Biliary tract papillomatosis. 1156 30

A traumatic neuroma of the biliary tract is rarely associated with biliary obstruction. However, when it arises in the common bile duct (CBD) and is associated with obstructive jaundice, it is difficult to distinguish it from bile duct cancer. We describe a patient who developed obstructive jaundice and itching, due to CBD stricture, 8 years after innocent blunt abdominal trauma. The stricture was resected and hepatico-jejunal anastomosis was performed. Histological examination revealed a traumatic neuroma and a fibrous scar around the common bile duct. Symptoms disappeared following surgical removal of the lesion. Blunt abdominal injury may cause the late onset of a fibrous scar and traumatic neuroma in the common bile duct. To our knowledge, a traumatic neuroma of the biliary tract after blunt abdominal trauma has not been reported previously. We review the clinical picture of this relatively rare problem, along with its diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment.
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PMID:Biliary stricture due to neuroma after an innocent blunt abdominal trauma. 1209 31

In a patient suffering from malignant obstructive jaundice and thrombocytopenia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to guide percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, to avoid blind puncture of the bile ducts using fluoroscopy. The first puncture approach was successful, and an MRI-visible guide wire and drainage catheter were inserted successfully within 35 min. The course after the intervention was uneventful, and the patient's fever and itching improved. MRI guidance facilitated optimal procedure planning and high puncture accuracy.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance-guided biliary drainage in a patient with malignant obstructive jaundice and thrombocytopenia. 1251 Feb 34

An exceptional cause of obstructive jaundice is reported in the present case. A 51-year-old woman progressively developed jaundice with pruritus, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic ultrasonography showed a tumor in the distal common bile duct, but failed to determine the nature of the lesion, and the patient underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. The final diagnosis was an inflammatory pseudotumor of the common bile duct. Inflammatory pseudotumors are uncommon, without evident pathogenesis, and are described in many organs. The localization in the common bile duct is exceptional. The prognosis is good, and a more conservative approach is possible if the diagnosis is certain before surgery.
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PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of the common bile duct. 1292 69

The records of 147 patients who had pruritus and jaundice (11% of a series of 1262 patients with jaundice) were reviewed in an effort to delineate more clearly the etiology of jaundice associated with pruritus.Fifty-two had obstructive jaundice caused by neoplasm, 51 had obstructive jaundice not caused by neoplasm, 42 had pruritus associated with hepatogenous jaundice, and two had jaundice and pruritus associated with a lymphoma.Pruritus occurred in 17% of all patients with non-neoplastic obstructive jaundice and in 45% of patients with neoplastic obstructive jaundice. Hepatogenous jaundice was the cause of pruritus in almost one-third of the patients in this series-occurring in 20% of patients with infectious hepatitis and in 7% of patients with cirrhosis.This large series confirms the clinical impression that pruritus occurs most often in association with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and as well re-emphasizes the common association of pruritus with hepatogenous jaundice.
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PMID:PRURITUS AND JAUNDICE. 1429 7

Common bile duct (CBD) adenomas are rare tumors that often present in a fashion similar to their malignant counterparts. We report a case of a papillary CBD adenoma causing obstructive jaundice. We also present a review of the CBD adenomas found in the English literature through a Medline search (1970-2003). A 74-year-old female presented with a 10-day history of pruritus, progressive painless jaundice, acholic stools, bilirubinuria, and 10-lb weight loss. Abdominal exam showed no masses. Abdominal ultrasound (U/S) showed cholelithiasis without choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic U/S revealed a shelf-like stricture, 1.5 cm long and 0.9 cm in diameter, located in the distal CBD. At the time of biliary stent placement, fine-needle aspiration showed benign ductal epithelial cells in sheets and clusters. Abdominal CT scan showed a low attenuation 15 x 17 mm lesion in the head of the pancreas that abutted the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) but no metastatic lesions. We performed a standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Final pathology showed a papillary adenoma without evidence of dysplasia in the distal common bile duct proximal to the ampulla of Vater. The incidence of these tumors and their potential for malignant degeneration is unknown. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is an effective means of treatment and cure for CBD adenoma.
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PMID:Common bile duct papillary adenoma causing obstructive jaundice: case report and review of the literature. 1515 55

The most common biliary problem in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The treatment of this disease is multifaceted and frequently requires a multidisciplinary approach involving internists, nutritionists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. Unfortunately, other than liver transplantation, no therapy that is currently available has been proven to alter the natural history of PSC or prolong survival. Ursodeoxycholic acid is currently the most promising pharmacologic treatment option for slowing disease progression and should be used in higher than usual doses (20 to 30 mg/kg/d). Treatment of symptoms due to cholestasis, such as pruritis and steatorrhea, is an important aspect of the medical care of patients with PSC. Our preferred treatment of pruritis due to cholestasis is with bile acid binding exchange resins such as cholestyramine or colestipol (which is generally better tolerated than cholestyramine). Endoscopic therapy should be reserved for patients with obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, or symptomatic dominant biliary strictures. We recommend dilation of dominant strictures with graduated or balloon dilators followed by temporary stenting if the postdilation cholangiographic appearance is not improved or adequate biliary drainage cannot be assured. There is indirect evidence that the combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and endoscopic therapy to maintain biliary patency may improve transplant-free survival in patients with PSC, although this remains to be proven. Liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment of advanced PSC, and should be considered in patients with complications of cirrhosis or intractable pruritis or fatigue.
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PMID:Treatment of Biliary Problems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 1576 33


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