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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An exploratory study was conducted in Malawi to determine whether a correlation exists between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and traditional practices involving the intravaginal application of substances such as herbs and pulverized stone. Included in the survey were 6603 consecutive consenting volunteers who presented at the prenatal clinic of an urban hospital from October 1989-October 1990. The median age of study participants was 24 years. Although only 11% reported having had a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the three years preceding the interview, laboratory analysis revealed the presence of such an infection in 46%. HIV infection was found in 1502 (23%). A total of 2953 (45%) of these pregnant women reported use of vaginal agents or vaginal incision, either for the treatment of discharge or itching or for the enhancement of sexual pleasure through vaginal tightening. Concerns have been raised that the placement of desiccants, irritants, and astringents in the vagina can induce certain physiological changes that increase the risk of HIV infection. Demonstrated in this survey was a slight association between HIV seropositivity and the use of vaginal agents for self-medication but not for vaginal tightening. In the univariate analysis, this finding persisted only for pregnant women without past or current STD infection. In the multivariate analysis, users of vaginal agents for treatment had a small increased risk of HIV in addition to--and independently of--the risk conferred by an STD history. It is possible, however, that the use of vaginal agents for self-medication is a marker for the presence of genital tract inflammation--a co-factor for HIV transmission. Given the extent of this traditional practice and its potential risk, more research is urged on the type of vaginal agents used and their effects on vaginal tissue.
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PMID:Traditional vaginal agents: use and association with HIV infection in Malawian women. 775 19

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common entity that conventionally is difficult to treat. Recently, topical ketoconazole has been proven successful. To determine if other azoles, and in particular the more modern ones, are also helpful in this condition, a double-blind multicentre randomized controlled trial was performed in patients suffering from seborrhoeic dermatitis involving individuals 16 years and older without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. One hundred patients were enrolled and treated according to a random plan with either bifonazole 1% cream or the corresponding vehicle once daily for 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study, as well as after 2 and 4 weeks, i.e. the treatment period proper, and after 6 weeks of follow-up. Clinical evaluation was based on scores of 0-3 for the following parameters: erythema, papules, infiltration, scaling, itch. In addition, mycological evaluation was performed using adequate contact plates for quantitative determination of Malassezia furfur. In the end, 92 patients were at least partially evaluable. In general, the verum preparation tended to be more efficacious, e.g. the score for erythema amounted to 0.75 after 4 weeks as compared with 0.88 in the control group, the baseline values being 2.18 and 2.04 respectively. With itch, the corresponding figures were 0.17 and 0.33 as compared with 1.42 and 1.38 before treatment. While in statistical terms there was significant difference in these parameters, such a difference was demonstrated by clinical judgement at follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of bifonazole 1% cream and the corresponding base preparation in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. 801 66

Crusted (Norwegian) scabies in AIDS patients can be manifested in both typical and atypical forms. Although the classic, hyperkeratotic, nonpruritic lesions are most common, reported cases have ranged in spectrum from crusting with pruritus to a pruritic, papular dermatitis to those resembling Darier's disease or psoriasis. We report two additional cases of crusted scabies in AIDS patients, one with typical crusted, hyperkeratotic though pruritic lesions and one with severe pruritus and rare papules, initially misdiagnosed as "pruritus of AIDS." Because of the extremely contagious nature of crusted scabies, as well as its potential for complete cure with appropriate therapy, a high degree of suspicion for this disorder should be maintained in AIDS patients, even when the lesions do not have the classical appearance. The discovery of crusted scabies, whether in its common or its atypical form should prompt testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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PMID:Crusted (Norwegian) scabies in patients with AIDS: the range of clinical presentations. 813 58

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) will be the most common disease triggering crusted (Norwegian) scabies. Scabies should be suspected in any atypical itching (or non) rash in HIV/AIDS patients. Attempt to prove the diagnosis by doing a skin scraping, or if negative, a skin biopsy. Unusual forms of scabies in HIV/AIDS can be divided into crusted scabies and atypical (exaggerated) scabies. Therapy requires the sequential use of scabicides, usually over a longer period than is required to clear an ordinary case of scabies. Compliance is a concern, and the scabicides are best administered under supervision whenever possible. Isolating the index patient and treating the environment of patients with crusted or atypical scabies is much more significant than in ordinary scabies. The transmission in hospitals of ordinary scabies from an index patient with crusted scabies to other patients, health care workers, etc, is common. Protective measures and early diagnosis and therapy are essential.
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PMID:Scabies in AIDS. 847 36

From January 1988 to December 1993, we identified six men with minimally invasive (stage I) squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and 10 men with anal carcinoma in situ (CIS). Of the six patients with invasive carcinoma, four were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including one with AIDS. Of the 10 patients with CIS, eight were infected with HIV, including four with AIDS. Anal pain and bleeding were the most common symptoms of minimally invasive anal cancer and anal CIS. Anal irritation, burning, or pruritus occurred more frequently in patients with CIS, whereas anal ulcers, masses, or abscesses were more frequent in patients with minimally invasive cancer. Several patients with CIS had a discrete area of leukoplakia in the anal canal or a pigmented plaque of the anus and anal canal. These lesions were not observed in patients with minimally invasive anal cancer. The symptoms and signs of early-stage anal cancer in men at risk for developing HIV infection or men infected with HIV often resemble those of other common anorectal diseases in homosexual men. Anal cancer in HIV-infected men is not limited to those individuals with AIDS.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of minimally invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in homosexual men. 852 51

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high prevalence of UV radiation-responsive skin diseases including psoriasis, pruritus, eosinophilic folliculitis and eczemas. On the other hand, UV has been shown to suppress T cell-mediated immune responses and to induce activation and replication of HIV. These developments have prompted clinicians and investigators to question whether phototherapy is safe for HIV-infected individuals. We have reviewed these issues and hereby provide a summary and critique of relevant laboratory and clinical evidence.
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PMID:Is phototherapy safe for HIV-infected individuals? 876 May 60

A human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV)-positive man presented with pruritic erythematous and flesh-colored papules on his arms and trunk of 1 year's duration. The lesions had previously been treated with oral ketoconazole and topical emollients with no improvement. Microscopic evaluation of lesional skin from his left forearm showed lichen amyloidosis. The patient was started on ultraviolet B phototherapy which he received for 2 weeks without improvement. Lichen amyloidosis should be added to the differential diagnosis of papular pruritus syndrome in HIV-positive individuals.
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PMID:Lichen amyloidosis presenting as a papular pruritus syndrome in a human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected man. 903 95

The skin may be the most commonly affected organ in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. As the body's natural immune mechanism deteriorates, susceptibility to bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic agents increases. This may be manifested in a variety of ways, ranging from pruritus and generalized xerosis to severe infections with opportunistic agents. It is important that all clinicians be aware of the dermatologic manifestations of the infection, because inspection may lead to early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus disease or early recognition of a life-threatening illness.
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PMID:Dermatologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus disease. 916 9

Eosinophilic folliculitis is a common cause of morbidity in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a marker of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). No causative organism has yet been identified, although an aberrant Th2-type immune response to a follicular antigen appears relevant to pathogenesis. A variety of treatments have been reported to minimize the inflammatory component, relieve the concomitant pruritus, and/or favorably alter the cutaneous microenvironment.
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PMID:HIV-related eosinophilic folliculitis: a panel discussion. 930 Jun 33

A cross-sectional study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who attended the HIV clinic in Brighton over a 4-month period was carried out to describe the prevalence and severity of skin manifestations in HIV-positive patients and to elucidate their association with the peripheral CD4 cell count and with the HIV disease stage. The subjects were consecutively examined by an experienced dermatologist. Skin manifestations were classified into infections, dermatoses, pruritus and neoplasm. A severity index was derived by scoring each condition as either absent, mild, moderate or severe. One hundred and fifty-one patients were enrolled with a mean age of 38.3 years. One hundred and thirty-nine were homo/bisexual men; 58 were asymptomatic and 35 had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); 37 had CD4 counts below 200. Skin conditions were present in 138 of the 151 subjects (91.4%). The total number of events was 331. The most frequent problem was infection followed by dermatoses, pruritus and malignancy. The most frequent condition was seborrhoeic eczema followed by tinea and xerosis. We have demonstrated a statistically significant association between CD4 count, disease stage and skin manifestations in HIV-positive individuals.
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PMID:The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression. 976 73


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