Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 4-year-old boy presented with mildly itchy, linear, skin lesions over the trunk, arms, and face of 3 months' duration. He had previously been admitted to a private hospital for generalized exfoliation of the skin following drug intake for fever and throat pain. The nature of the drugs was not known. The exfoliative dermatitis was treated with oral prednisolone, 10 mg daily, tapered over 3 weeks. No further topical or oral medication was given. The present skin lesions started 1 month after the cessation of the steroids. There was no family history of skin lesions, voice changes, or systemic complaints. Cutaneous examination showed multiple violaceous, linear, reticulate ridges with adherent scaling over the chest, back, and neck. There were scaly, flat-topped papules over the extensor aspects of both upper arms and the buttocks, and scaly plaques over the cheeks (Figs 1a-d and 2a,b). The scalp showed diffuse greasy scaling. There were no oral, genital, axillary, or eye lesions. The nails were normal. Systemic examination did not reveal any abnormal finding. Routine hematologic investigations, liver and kidney function tests, tests for hepatitis B and C, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HIV were normal. Histopathology from skin lesions on the back revealed hyperkeratosis, patchy parakeratosis, follicular plugging, alternating irregular acanthosis and epidermal thinning, basal cell degeneration, and a band-like inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and a few plasma cells (Fig. 3). Based on the classical clinical features and histopathology, keratosis lichenoides chronica was diagnosed, and topical 1% hydrocortisone acetate cream, twice daily, was prescribed. There was slight relief of pruritus at a follow-up visit after 3 weeks; however, the patient was subsequently lost to follow-up.
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PMID:Keratosis lichenoides chronica in an Indian child following erythroderma. 1831

Itch is a common symptom in dry skin related to inflammatory skin diseases, normal aging, and systemic diseases such as chronic renal failure, and HIV. However, correlations between itch and objective measures of barrier function and skin dryness such as skin hydration and transepidermal water loss have been rarely found. Recent experimental evidence indicates that damage to the stratum corneum with acetone/ether and water elicits a scratching response in mice and rats. These responses correlate to the number of PGP 9.5 immunoreactive fibers in the epidermis and to FOS-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord. Other neuromediators involved in the pathogenesis of itch in dry skin are nerve growth factor (NGF), muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and opiates. Serine proteases such as tryptase and their respective proteinase-activating receptor 2 (PAR2), recently found in both skin and nerves of patients with atopic eczema, suggest that these molecules may have a role in itch in dry skin. This has also been exemplified in the itchy and hyperkeratotic phenotype of the stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) transgenic mouse model, which is over-expressing a serine protease. Developing inhibitors to these neuropeptides and mediators may be an attractive strategy for anti-itch treatment. The significant progress made in development of moisturizers may have an additional benefit in reducing the itch associated with dry skin. Formulating topical combination therapies containing moisturizers and anti-pruritics can significantly reduce the itch associated with dry skin. This paper will review the current clinical knowledge on the association between dry skin and itch and the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of this problem.
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PMID:Dry skin and impairment of barrier function associated with itch - new insights. 1849 19

Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology with different clinical manifestations. A 76-year-old man presented with pruritus and jaundice, a cholestasis and an increase of acute phase reactants. Peroperative investigations evidenced a 3-cm lymphadenopathy that compressed the biliary duct. Diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's disease was confirmed by the histologic examination of the lymphadenopathy. HIV testing was negative. Corticosteroid therapy was started and partially controlled the disease.
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PMID:[Extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to Castleman's disease]. 1881

Porphyria cutanea tarda is a disease of disordered accumulation of heme, which is needed for biosynthesis of hepatic cytochromes. It most commonly occurs in a sporadic form among persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, HIV infection is also a reported risk factor. Hepatic iron overload appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda. Common cutaneous findings with porphyria cutanea tarda are vesicles or bullae, milia, and hyperpigmentation in sun-exposed areas. We report a case of porphyria cutanea tarda presenting primarily as severe pruritus in an HIV/HCV-coinfected person after completion of therapy for hepatitis C.
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PMID:Severe pruritus after completing pegylated interferon for hepatitis C. 1906

The authors present a case of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in a male patient, HIV negative and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive. Although it is well-known that in HCV positive patients the onset of cutaneous diseases such as porphyria cutanea tarda, mixed essential cryoglobulinemia, lichen planus, polyarteritis nodosa, itch/prurigo, is possible, papers on its association with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV negative patients are rare in the literature. Such an association is probably not a matter of chance: in fact, the changes to the immune system induced by the HCV virus, in synergy with those induced by the Human Herpetic virus-8, could likewise play a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma as happens in patients with immunodeficiency .
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PMID:Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and HCV infection: only a casual relationship? A case report. 1952 12

Erythoderma first described by Hebra in 1868 is a reaction pattern, characterised by generalised and confluent erythema with desquamation affecting more than 90% of body surface and is usually accompanied by systemic manifestation including some metabolic changes. Tile study was envisaged to assess their profile of aetiology, clinical features and to correlate with histopathological findings. Twenty-four patients (18 males and 6 females) with erythroderma were considered for the study. All patients were hospitalised, detailed history was taken and were subjected to relevant investigations--haemogram, serum proteins, liver and renal function tests, routine and microscopic urine tests, HIV screening, x-ray chest, ultrasound abdomen, FNAC of enlarged lymph nodes and skin biopsy. The age group affected ranged between 7 and 70 years, peak incidence between 50 and 60 years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Scaling, erythema and pruritus were predominant clinical manifestations. In 12 clinically suspected psoriatic erythroderma, only in 6 cases the histopathological features were correlated to psoriasis and remaining showed non-specific chronic dermatitis. Two patients were found to be HIV-positive. There is good clinicopathological correlation in erythroderma caused by lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, seborroeic dermatitis, non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Drugs were found to be aetiological factor in 3 cases. The study was conducted to assess variations in clinical, aetiological and histopathological profile of erythroderma. The present series had high percentage of erythroderma secondary to preexisting dermatoses. The onset of disease was insidious except in drug-induced erythroderma where it was acute.
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PMID:Aetiopathological and clinical study of erythroderma. 1958 19

Complementary remedies represent a potential alternative treatment for chronic diseases, including HIV/AIDS cases not meeting criteria for using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, and patient quality of life (QoL). Asymptomatic HIV patients with CD4 counts of 250-350 cells/microl were recruited into this open-labeled trial. Liquid CKBM-A01 was prescribed for a 36-week period. Study participants recorded all symptoms themselves on diary cards. Study parameters, including CD4 cell counts, HIV viral loads, and blood chemistry, were periodically monitored and questionnaires were used to assess QoL and to help with risk reduction. Eighteen volunteers, mean age (+/- SD) 32.07 (+/- 6.88) years, had a median (interquartile range, IQR) baseline CD4 count of 292 (268.50-338.25) cells/microl. No serious drug-related adVerse events due to CKBM-A01 were detected during the study. Intermittent diarrhea was reported in 55.6%, weakness or skin rash/itching in 50%, and increased bowel movement in 33.7%. No significant changes in log viral load or CD4 cell counts were observed at the end of the study. Most of the volunteers (72.2%) expressed satisfaction with CKBM-A01 and had a positive perception. Common colds and nasal symptoms were significantly lower during treatment (p = 0.019). CKBM-A01 appeared to be safe but gave no significant improvement in QoL in asymptomatic HIV patients, and gave no significant improvement in the treatment of HIV based on CD4 cell counts and viral loads.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. 1984 34

Crusted scabies is a severe variant of scabies caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by high mite burden, extensive hyperkeratotic scaling, crusted lesions, variable pruritus, generalized lymphadenopathy, erythroderma, and eosinophilia, in some cases. There is an increased incidence of crusted scabies, particularly among patients with HIV infection. We describe a 22-year-old Syrian immunocompetent female who had hyperkeratotic psoriasiform plaques and hyperkeratosis without itching. She was treated with oral albendazole and topical crotamiton with salicylic acid 5 percent.
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PMID:Treatment of crusted scabies with albendazole: A case report. 1995 35

A 32 year old Indian male patient presented with chief complaints of a high fever, erythema on ear, severe polyarthritic joint pains & swelling, non pitting pedal oedema, facial puffiness and itching for past four days. He had no significant past medical and drug history and was serologically confirmed to have Chikungunya. Oral cavity inspection revealed whitish non erythematous pseudo membranous plaques on the hard palate, buccal surface of cheek and the floor of the mouth which was later microbiologically confirmed as Candidiasis. He tested negative for HIV and had leucopenia with severe CD4 T-lymphocytopenia. This is the first report of an opportunistic infection with CD4 T-lymphocytopaenia in Chikungunya fever.
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PMID:Oral candidiasis in Chikungunya viral fever: a case report. 2020 86

Papular pruritic eruption (PPE) is a frequent HIV-comorbidity in tropical countries. Because of constant itching and social stigma, effective treatment is highly valued. In our HIV cohort in rural Tanzania with 12% prevalence of PPE, we have retrospectively analyzed responses to available treatments. Oral promethazine improved itching (P < 0.0058) and clinical scores (P < 0.032) significantly more than topical steroids. Disease activity did not correlate with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and was independent of anti-retroviral medication. Therefore, oral antihistamines are an effective first-line treatment for PPE.
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PMID:Antihistamines are superior to topical steroids in managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated papular pruritic eruption. 2046 20


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